塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系特大型岩性油气藏成藏条件及勘探潜力
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摘要
塔中地区北部奥陶系发育碳酸盐台地—陆棚边缘高能滩相,仅上奥陶统良里塔格组滩体就厚约100?300m,有效储层厚约50?100m,滩体颗粒灰岩构成典型的非均质碳酸盐岩古岩溶岩性储集体圈闭,圈闭面积可达1000?2000km2,迄今钻遇的12口井有9口井获得工业油气流,初步预计储量可达(5?10)×108t油当量,应该是特大型整装原生岩性油气藏,可能成为塔里木盆地尚未探明的最大整装油气田。该油气藏成藏条件优越,是满加尔凹陷油气源区多期油气特别是晚海西期油气首先充注的圈闭;多期岩溶作用造就了较好的滩体储集空间,颗粒灰岩储层的非均质性既为油气勘探带来了难度,也为该岩性圈闭侧向封堵的形成创造了条件;埋藏深度适中及后期构造改造微弱有利于滩体原生油气藏的保存;滩体地震响应特征易于识别追踪,总体表现为低频空白弱反射或者是低频强—弱相间反射。初步研究认为,塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩具备相似成藏条件即形成大中型原生岩性油气藏的地区还有阿瓦提凹陷南部—巴楚凸起北缘及塔北隆起南斜坡—北部坳陷北缘,塔里木盆地奥陶系原生岩性油气藏具备十分广阔的勘探前景,是发现大中型油气藏的现实领域。
Ordovician System in the northern part of Tazhong region has development of high-energy shoal facies of carbonate platform-shelf margin. Only the shoal body of Upper Ordovician Lianglitage Formation has a thickness of 100~300 meters and the effective thickness of the reservoirs is 50~100 meters. Grain carbonate rock of shoal body shaped the typical heterogeneous carbonate rock palaeokarst lithologic trap with an area of 1000~2000 square kilometers. Of the 12 wells drilled at the present time, nine ones have acquired commercial oil and gas ?ow. Based on the preliminary estimation, the reserves can reach (5~10) ×108t oil equivalent. It is supposed to be a giant original lithologic oil and gas reservoir and possibly becomes the largest oil and gas ?eld in Tarim Basin that has not yet been proven. With the advantageous conditions for migration and accumulation, this oil and gas reservoir was the ?rst trap in Manjiaer Depression sourcing region injected with oil and gas during multiple stages, Late Hercynian Period in particular. The multi- stage karsti?cation created desirable shoal body reservoir space while the heterogeneity of grain carbonate rock reservoir either caused dif?culty for oil and gas exploration or created the conditions for lateral sealing of the lithologic trap. The appropriate buried depth and the later weak structural reform are favorable for storage of the shoal body original oil and gas reservoir. The seismic response characteristics of shoal body are easily identi?ed and traced. It takes the form of low-frequency blank weak re?ection or low-frequency strong-weak alternating refection. Based on the preliminary study, Ordovician carbonate rock of Tarim Basin has the conditions for migration and accumulation. The areas for forming large and medium-size original lithologic oil and gas reservoirs also include the southern part ofAwati Depression, the northern periphery of Bachu Uplift and the southern slope of Tazhong Uplift as well as the northern periphery of North Depression. Ordovician original lithologic oil and gas reservoirs have an extremely broad prospect for exploration and are regarded as the ?eld to discover large and medium-size and oil and gas reservoirs.
Ordovician System in the northern part of Tazhong region has development of high-energy shoal facies of carbonate platform-shelf margin. Only the shoal body of Upper Ordovician Lianglitage Formation has a thickness of 100~300 meters and the effective thickness of the reservoirs is 50~100 meters. Grain carbonate rock of shoal body shaped the typical heterogeneous carbonate rock palaeokarst lithologic trap with an area of 1000~2000 square kilometers. Of the 12 wells drilled at the present time, nine ones have acquired commercial oil and gas ?ow. Based on the preliminary estimation, the reserves can reach (5~10) ×108t oil equivalent. It is supposed to be a giant original lithologic oil and gas reservoir and possibly becomes the largest oil and gas ?eld in Tarim Basin that has not yet been proven. With the advantageous conditions for migration and accumulation, this oil and gas reservoir was the ?rst trap in Manjiaer Depression sourcing region injected with oil and gas during multiple stages, Late Hercynian Period in particular. The multi- stage karsti?cation created desirable shoal body reservoir space while the heterogeneity of grain carbonate rock reservoir either caused dif?culty for oil and gas exploration or created the conditions for lateral sealing of the lithologic trap. The appropriate buried depth and the later weak structural reform are favorable for storage of the shoal body original oil and gas reservoir. The seismic response characteristics of shoal body are easily identi?ed and traced. It takes the form of low-frequency blank weak re?ection or low-frequency strong-weak alternating refection. Based on the preliminary study, Ordovician carbonate rock of Tarim Basin has the conditions for migration and accumulation. The areas for forming large and medium-size original lithologic oil and gas reservoirs also include the southern part ofAwati Depression, the northern periphery of Bachu Uplift and the southern slope of Tazhong Uplift as well as the northern periphery of North Depression. Ordovician original lithologic oil and gas reservoirs have an extremely broad prospect for exploration and are regarded as the ?eld to discover large and medium-size and oil and gas reservoirs.
引文
赵宗举、吴兴宁、郑兴平等,塔中地区奥陶系沉积储层1研究成果报告,中国石油勘探开发研究院杭州地质研究所,2004。
张水昌、张宝民、赵孟军等,塔里木盆地油气源及成藏1研究,“九五”国家重点科技攻关项目专题(99-111-01-03)成果报告,2000。
赵宗举、郑兴平、范国章、吴兴宁,中下奥陶统是塔里2木盆地主力烃源岩的诸多证据,石油学报(待刊)。
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张水昌、张宝民、赵孟军等,塔里木盆地油气源及成藏1研究,“九五”国家重点科技攻关项目专题(99-111-01-03)成果报告,2000。
赵宗举、郑兴平、范国章、吴兴宁,中下奥陶统是塔里2木盆地主力烃源岩的诸多证据,石油学报(待刊)。
[1]张水昌,张宝民,王飞宇,等.中—上奥陶统:塔里木盆地的主要油源层[J].海相油气地质,2000,5(1?2):16?22
[2]张水昌,王飞宇,张保民,等.塔里木盆地中上奥陶统油源层地球化学研究[J].石油学报,2000,21(6):23?28
[3]刘克奇.塔里木盆地塔中4油田成藏过程分析.新疆石油学院学报[J].2003,15(4):1?4
[4]李延钩.塔中地区油气源及成藏时期研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(1):11?14
[5]黄第藩,赵孟军,张水昌.塔里木盆地满加尔油气系统下古生界油源油中蜡质烃来源的成因分析[J].沉积学报,1997,15(2):6?13
[6]吴治君,罗斌杰,王有孝,等.塔里木盆地原油中二苯并噻吩的分布及主力油源岩类型判识[J].沉积学报,1995,13(3):98?106
[7]李剑,陈孟晋,蒋助生,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区天然气气源对比[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(6):33?35
[8]张传禄,韩宇春,罗平,等.塔中地区中及上奥陶统沉积相[J].古地理学报,2001,3(1):35?44
[9]李宇平,李新生,周翼,等.塔中地区中、上奥陶统沉积特征及沉积演化史[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(3):204?207
[10]刘胜,杨海军,李新生,等.塔中地区早奥陶世沉积特征及沉积演化分析[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(1): 54?57
[11]陈景山,王振宇,代宗仰,等.塔中地区中上奥陶统台地镶边体系分析[J].古地理学报,1999,1(2):8?17
[12]李宇平,王振宇,李文华,等.塔中I号断裂构造带奥陶系碳酸盐岩圈闭类型及其勘探意义[J].地质科学,2002,37(增刊):141?151
[13]林青,王培荣,金晓辉,等.塔中北斜坡塔中45井奥陶系油藏成藏史浅析[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(3):5?7
[14]林青,林壬子,王培荣,等.塔中北斜坡西部原油类型及主力油源层[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(2):150?153
[15]代宗仰,周翼,陈景山,等.塔中中上奥陶统礁、滩相储层的特征及评价.西南石油学院学报,2001,23(4):1?4
[16]杨海军,刘胜,李宇平,等.塔中地区中—上奥陶统碳酸盐岩储集层特征分析[J].海相油气地质,2000,5(1-2):73?83
[17]何幼斌,张光阳,戴福贵,等.塔中I号断裂带中奥陶统灰岩储层特征[J].江汉石油学院学报,1999,21(3):17?20
[18]郭建华.塔北、塔中地区下古生界深埋藏古岩溶[J].中国岩溶,1996,15(3):207?216
[19]邬长武,蒋春雷,郑志祥,等.塔中16—24井区奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶研究[J].矿物岩石,2002,22(2):69?73
[20]陈世佳,付晓文,沈昭国,等.2001.塔中地区石炭系及部分奥陶系储层天然气的成因[J].天然气工业,21(1):39—41
[21]陈汉林,杨树锋,董传万,等.塔里木盆地早二叠世岩浆作用的特征及形成的地球动力学过程[J].中国碰撞造山带研究,1999:174?182
[22]陈汉林,杨树锋,董传万,等.塔里木盆地二叠纪基性岩带的确定及大地构造意义[J].地球化学,1997,26(6):77?87
[23]赵霞.塔里木盆地塔中45井及柯坪西克尔萤石成因的讨论[J].西北地质,2000,33(3):5?8
[24]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997
[25]秦启荣,刘胜,苏培东.塔中I号断裂带O2+3灰岩储层裂 缝特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(2):183?185,202
[26]张振生,李明杰,刘社平.塔中低凸起的形成和演化[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):28?31
[27]王子煜,陆克政,漆家福,等.塔里木盆地塔中凸起的构造演化及其与油气藏的关系[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998,22(4):14?17
[28]秦启荣,刘胜,张宗命.塔中I号断裂带O2+3石灰岩裂缝期次研究[J].天然气工业,22(6)
[29]王振宇,李宇平,陈景山,等.塔中地区中—晚奥陶世碳酸盐陆棚边缘大气成岩透镜体的发育特征[J].地质科学,2002,37(增刊):152?160
[30]孙玉善,赵孟军,杨帆.由沥青产状及地球化学特征分析碳酸盐岩油藏的成藏期次——以塔中16井区为例[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(5):394?396
[31]刘洛夫,赵建章,张水昌,等.塔里木盆地志留系沥青砂岩的形成期次及演化[J].沉积学报,2000,18(3):475?479
[32]刘洛夫,赵建章,张水昌,等.塔里木盆地志留系沥青砂岩的成因类型及特征[J].石油学报,2000,21(6):12?17
[33]王红军,黄晓明.塔中地区地层压力结构与油气的分布[J].石油实验地质,1999,21(3):242?245
[34]陈世加,付晓文,沈昭国,等.塔中地区石炭系及部分奥陶系储层天然气的成因[J].天然气工业,2001,21(1):39?41
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