西昆仑—喀喇昆仑及其邻区岩石圈结构、演化中几个问题的探讨
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摘要
西昆仑—喀喇昆仑位于西藏高原西北,西构造结(Western Syntaxis)的东侧,是当前国际地学界关注的热点地区之一。本文不准备对该地区岩石圈结构、演化及其多重效应作全面论述,仅以近年青藏高原项目实施中涉及的几个较重要问题作探讨;经过对已获得的地震深探测和地质、地球化学资料的分析研究,提出青藏高原西北缘不存在塔里木向西昆仑山作长距离的“A 型俯冲”,晚新生代以来岩石圈“面对面水平挤压—拆沉作用”是形成西昆仑陆—陆碰撞造山带的主要原因。对众所关注的库地蛇绿岩形成时代,提出了新的 SHRIMP-Ⅱ,U-Ph 锆石测年年龄,上限为510±4Ma;对原特提斯大洋、康西瓦大型走滑断裂带的形成、演化作了探讨。
The West Kunlun and Karakorum Mountains are located on the northwestern side of the Tibet plateau, the eastern flank of the "Western Syntaxis" of the Tibet plateau, which are the study hot-point for the geoscientists in the world. No evidence from the recent deep seismic experiments as well as geochemical and surface geological data support a long distance "A type" southward subduction of the Tarim block beneath the west Kunlun Mountains. The tectonic interaction between the Tarim block and the west Kunlun block was chiefly affected by a "horizontal compression in opposite directions ", which brought about "face-to-face contact" between these two lithospheric blocks and led to the thickening, shortening and densifying of the lithosphere since the late Cenozoic, Hence a "delamination" was formed due to the gravitational instability created by the thickening and densifying. The discussions about the Kudi ophiolite mainly focus on the judgment of its timing and genetic environment, this paper reports the recent ziron SHRIMP-II dating of quartz gabbro in the Kudi ophiolite (which yields an age of 510±4Ma) and its tectonic significance. A brief approach to the formation and the tectonic evolution of the Protero-Tethy and Kanxinwar strike-slip also discussed.
The West Kunlun and Karakorum Mountains are located on the northwestern side of the Tibet plateau, the eastern flank of the "Western Syntaxis" of the Tibet plateau, which are the study hot-point for the geoscientists in the world. No evidence from the recent deep seismic experiments as well as geochemical and surface geological data support a long distance "A type" southward subduction of the Tarim block beneath the west Kunlun Mountains. The tectonic interaction between the Tarim block and the west Kunlun block was chiefly affected by a "horizontal compression in opposite directions ", which brought about "face-to-face contact" between these two lithospheric blocks and led to the thickening, shortening and densifying of the lithosphere since the late Cenozoic, Hence a "delamination" was formed due to the gravitational instability created by the thickening and densifying. The discussions about the Kudi ophiolite mainly focus on the judgment of its timing and genetic environment, this paper reports the recent ziron SHRIMP-II dating of quartz gabbro in the Kudi ophiolite (which yields an age of 510±4Ma) and its tectonic significance. A brief approach to the formation and the tectonic evolution of the Protero-Tethy and Kanxinwar strike-slip also discussed.
引文
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边千稻,郑祥身,李红生,沙金康.1997． 青海可可西里地区蛇绿岩的时代及形成环境.地质论评,43(4) :347～355．
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邓晋福,赵海玲,莫宣学,吴宗絮,罗照华.1996． 中国大陆根-柱构造--大陆动力学的钥匙.北京:地质出版社.
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方爱民,李继亮,候泉林.2000． 新疆西昆仑“依莎克群”中的放射虫组合及其形成时代探讨.地质科学,35(2) :212～218．
姜春发,杨经绥,冯秉贵,朱志直,赵民,柴耀楚,施希德,王怀达,胡金庆.1992． 昆仑开合构造.北京:地质出版社.
姜春发.1997． 塔里木开合构造简述.新疆地质.15(3) :193～201．
李才,程立人,胡克,杨曾荣,洪裕荣.1995． 西藏龙木错-双湖古特提斯缝合带研究.北京:地质出版社.
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李向东,王元龙,黄智龙.1996． 康西瓦走滑构造带及其大地构造意义.新疆地质.14(3) :204～220．
李永安,李强,张慧,孙东江,曹运动,关绍祖.1995． 塔里木及其周边古地磁研究与盆地形成演化.新疆地质,13(4) :358～366．
刘嘉麒,买买提依明.1990． 西昆仑第四纪火山的分布与K-Ar年龄.中国科学(B辑),2:180～186．
刘训,吴绍祖,傅德荣,姚建新,丁孝忠,王永.1997． 塔里木板块周边的沉积-构造演化.乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社.
潘裕生.1994． 青藏高原第五缝合带的发现与论证.地球物理学报,37(2) :184～192．
王廷印.1991． 塔里木盆地成盆期及裂谷作用初探.中国塔里木盆地北部油气地质研究(第二辑).北京:中国地质大学出版社.115～124．
肖序常,刘训,高锐,罗照华.2002． 西昆仑及邻区岩石圈结构构造演化--塔里木-西昆仑多学科地学断面简要报导.地质通报,21(2) :63～67．
肖序常,王军,苏犁,宋述光.2003． 再论西昆仑库地蛇绿岩及其构造演化.地质通报,22(10) :745～750．
张志德,李嵩龄,杨德补.1987． 康西瓦断层的地质特征及形成和演化.新疆地质,5(3) :50～56．
张志德,曾亚参.1988． 西昆仑山-喀喇昆仑山的构造分区及其演化.新疆地质,6(1) :60～68．
周辉,李继亮,候泉林,方爱民,李红生.1998． 西昆仑库地蛇绿混杂岩带中早古生代放射虫的发现及其意义.科学通报,43(22) :2448～2450．
Bao Peisheng, Xiao Xuchang, Wang Jun, Li Cai, Hu Ke. 1999． the Blueschist belt in the Shuanghu Region central northern Tibet and its tectonic implications. Acta Geological Sinica, 73 (4) : 302～314 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Bian Qiantao, Zheng Xiangshen, Li Hongsheng, Sha Jinkang. 1997． Age of tectonic setting of ophiolite in the Hoh Xil region, Qinghai province. Geological Review, 43 (4) : 347～355 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Coleman R G. 1977． Ophiolite--ancient oceanic lithosphere? New York: Springer-Verlag, 49--51．
Dai Chuanguo, Chen Houguo, Chen Guofan. 2002． discovery of an ophiolite melange zone in the Huangyanggou area, Qiemo city, Xingjiang. Geological Bulletin of China. 21(2) : 88～91 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Deng Jinfu, Zhao Hailing, Mo Xuanxue, Wu Zongxu, Luo Zhaohua. 1996． Continental roots--plume tectonics of China. Beijing: Geological Publishing House(in Chinese with English abstract).
Deng Wanming. 2000． Basic--ultrabasic volcanic rocks of Karakorum and Kunlun Mts. In: Multi Sciences Exploration Group of Qinghai--Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy, ed. Geological Evolution of Karakorum and Kunlun Mts. Beijing: Sciences Press, 158～208 (in Chinese with English abstract).
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