库车前陆褶皱—冲断带前缘大型盐推覆构造
摘要
塔里木盆地北部库车前陆褶皱-冲断带构造-地层层序可划分为中生界盐下层序、古新统一始新统盐层层序和渐新统一第四系盐上层序。盐岩层序的岩性主要为灰白色、浅灰色盐岩、膏岩、泥灰岩和紫红色碎屑岩,厚110～3000 m。盐岩层的存在使库车前陆褶皱-冲断带发育-系列盐相关构造,其中最引人注目的是盐推覆构造。野外地质调查、地震资料解释、遥感资料和钻井资料揭示,沿库车前陆褶皱-冲断带前缘西秋立塔克山发育大型盐推覆构造,总体呈近东西走向,并略呈往西南凸出的弧形展布,沿走向延伸超过200km,由北往南逆冲推覆距离达30km以上。主断层沿古新统-始新统盐岩层发育,外来推覆体由古新统-始新统盐层层序和渐新统-第四系盐上层序组成,表现为受断层控制的单面山,逆冲推覆在原地中生代-新生代地层之上。地质分析和剖面复原结果表明,盐推覆构造主要形成于新近纪末期以来的喜马拉雅晚期阶段,现今仍具有强烈的活动性。由于不均匀推覆作用,在盐推覆构造的不同地段,逆冲推覆距离、冲断层产状、外来岩系和原地岩系的叠置关系以及盐相关构造的发育都有较大差异,显示出走向上分段性特点。库车前陆褶皱-冲断带前缘盐推覆构造的形成演化受区域挤压作用、重力滑动和重力扩展作用控制。
The tectono-stratigraphic sequences of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt, northern Tarim basin, Northwest China, can be divided into the Mesozoic sub-salt sequence, the Paleocene—Eocene salt sequence and the Oligocene—Quaternary supra-salt sequence. The salt sequences are mainly composed of light gray halite, gypsum and marl and brown elastics. A variety of salt-related structures have developed in the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt, in which the most fascinating structure is the salt nappe complex. Based on field observations, seismic interpretation and drilling data, a large-scale salt nappe complex has been identified. It trends approximately east—west for over 200 km and occurs along the western Qiulitag Mountain. Its thrusting displacement is more than 30 km. The salt nappe complex occurs as an arcuate zone projecting southwestward along the leading edge of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt. The major thrust fault is developed along the salt beds of the Paleocene—Eocene. The allochthonous nappes are large N-dipping faulting monoclines composed of Paleocene—Pliocene sediments, thrusting on the autochthonous Meso-Cenozoic successions. According to the geological analysis and cross-section restoration, the salt nappes were mainly formed in the late Himalayan stage since the end of Neogene and are still active intensively at present. Because of the inhomogeneous thrusting, there are great differences in the displacement and occurrence of the thrust, the superimposition of the allochthonous and autochthonous sequences, and the development of the salt-related structures, indicating a feature of segmentation along the salt nappes. The salt nappe complex in the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt is controlled by regional compression, and gravitational gliding and spreading.
The tectono-stratigraphic sequences of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt, northern Tarim basin, Northwest China, can be divided into the Mesozoic sub-salt sequence, the Paleocene—Eocene salt sequence and the Oligocene—Quaternary supra-salt sequence. The salt sequences are mainly composed of light gray halite, gypsum and marl and brown elastics. A variety of salt-related structures have developed in the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt, in which the most fascinating structure is the salt nappe complex. Based on field observations, seismic interpretation and drilling data, a large-scale salt nappe complex has been identified. It trends approximately east—west for over 200 km and occurs along the western Qiulitag Mountain. Its thrusting displacement is more than 30 km. The salt nappe complex occurs as an arcuate zone projecting southwestward along the leading edge of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt. The major thrust fault is developed along the salt beds of the Paleocene—Eocene. The allochthonous nappes are large N-dipping faulting monoclines composed of Paleocene—Pliocene sediments, thrusting on the autochthonous Meso-Cenozoic successions. According to the geological analysis and cross-section restoration, the salt nappes were mainly formed in the late Himalayan stage since the end of Neogene and are still active intensively at present. Because of the inhomogeneous thrusting, there are great differences in the displacement and occurrence of the thrust, the superimposition of the allochthonous and autochthonous sequences, and the development of the salt-related structures, indicating a feature of segmentation along the salt nappes. The salt nappe complex in the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt is controlled by regional compression, and gravitational gliding and spreading.
引文
陈楚铭,卢华复,贾东,贾承造.1999． 塔里木盆地北缘库车再生前陆褶皱逆冲带中丘里塔格前锋带的构造与油气.地质论评,45(4) :423～433．
陈剑,卢华复,王胜利.2002． 库车断层相关褶皱的切角检验.地质论评,48(1) :74～79．
范湘涛,卢华复,郭华东,邵芸.2000． 库车冲断带新构造遥感分析.地质论评,46(5) :499～506．
何登发,李德生.1996． 塔里木盆地构造演化与油气聚集.北京:地质出版社,1～173．
贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君,等.1995． 塔里木盆地构造演化与区域构造地质.北京:石油工业出版社,1～174．
贾承造,何登发,雷振宇,等.2000． 前陆冲断带油气勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,1～351．
贾承造,胡云杨,田作基,等.2001． 塔里木盆地库车坳陷大气田勘探.见:高瑞祺,赵政璋主编.中国油气新区勘探(第一卷).北京:石油工业出版社,1～254．
刘和甫,梁慧社,蔡立国,等.1994． 天山两侧前陆盆地冲断系构造样式与前陆盆地演化.地球科学,19(6) :727～741．
卢华复,贾东,陈楚铭,刘志宏,王国强,贾承造.1999． 库车新生代构造性质和变形时间.地学前缘,6(4) :215～221．
卢华复,陈楚铭,刘志宏,等.2000． 库车再生前陆逆冲带的构造特征与成因.石油学报,21(3) :18～24．
汤良杰,林忠民.1986． 塔里木盆地构造样式与油气聚集.新疆地质,4(3) :75～82．
汤良杰.1992． 塔里木盆地多层次滑脱构造与含油气远景探讨.地质学报,66(2) :97～107．
汤良杰.1996． 塔里木盆地演化和构造样式.北京:地质出版社,1～136．
汤良杰,贾承造,皮学军,陈书平,王子煜,谢会文.2003a.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带盐相关构造样式.中国科学,33(1) :38～46．
汤良杰,贾承造,金之钧,皮学军,陈书平,谢会文.2003b.塔里木盆地库车前陆褶皱带中段盐相关构造特征与油气聚集.地质论评,49(5) :501～506．
汪新,贾承造,杨树锋,Aurelia H F,John S.2002． 南天山库车冲断褶皱带构造变形时间.地质学报,76(1) :55～63．
魏斌贤,刘群,许德明.1984． 新疆库车盆地下第三系盐层对比和含盐系划分.地质论评,30(1) :59～68．
张朝军,田在艺.1998． 塔里木盆地库车坳陷第三系盐构造与油气.石油学报,19(1) :6～10．
张光亚,陈发景,汪新文.1994． 塔北地区变形样式及其分布规律.地球科学,19(6) :755～768．
Chen C M, Lu H F, Jia D, Jia C Z. 1999． Structures and petroleum accumulation in the Qiulitag thrust front of the Kuqa rejuvenated foreland fole-thrust belt on the northern margin of the Tarim basin. Geological Review, 45 (4) : 423～433 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Jian, Lu Huafu, Wang Shengli. 2002． Testing of cut-off angles of the Kuqa fault-related folds. Geological Review, 48(1) : 74～79 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Fan Xiangtao, Lu Huafu, Guo Huadong, Shao Yun. 2002． Neotectonic analysis of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt by using remote sensing data. Geological Review, 46 (5) : 499～506 (in Chinese with English abstract).
He D F, Li D S. 1996． Tectonic Evolution and Petroleum Accumulation of Tarim Basin. Beijing: Geological Press, 1～173 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Jackson M P A. 1995． Retrospective salt tectonics. In: Jackson M P A, Roberts D G, Snelson S, eds. Salt Tectonics, A Global Perspective. AAPG Memoir 65, 1～28．
Jia C Z, Wei G Q, Yao H J, et al. 1995． Tectonic Evolution and Regional Structural Geology. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1～174 (in Chinese).
Jia C Z, He D F, Lei Z Y, et al. 2000． Petroleum Exploration in Foreland Thrust Belts. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1～135 (in Chinese).
Jia C Z, Hu Y Y, Tian Z J, Wang H J, Zhang G Y, Xiao C W, Zhang F X, Duan S F. 2001． Exploration of the large gas field in Kuche depression of Tarim basin. In: Gao Ruiqi, Zhao Zhengzhang, eds. The Frontier Petroleum Exploration in China, vol. 1． Beijing: Petruleum Industry Press, 1～254 (in Chinese).
Jia D, Lu H F, Cai D S, Wu S M, Shi Y S, Chen C M. 1998． Structural features of northern Tarim basin: implications for regional tectonics and petroleum traps. AAPG Bulletin, 82 (1) : 147～159．
Letouzey J, Colletta B, Vially R, et al. 1995． Evolution of salt-related structures in compressional settings. In: Jackson M P A, Roberts D G, Snelson S, eds. Salt Tectonics, A Global Perspective. AAPG Memoir 65, 41～60．
Liu H F, Liang H S, Cai L G, Xia Y P, Liu L Q. 1994． Evolution and structural style of Tianshan and adjacent basins, northwestern China. Geosciences, 19 (6) : 727～741 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu H F, Jia D, Chen C M, et al. 1999． Nature and timing of the Kuqa Cenozoic structures. Earth Science Frontiers, 6 (4) : 215～221 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu H F, Chen C M, Liu Z H, et al. 2000． Structural characteristics and origin of Kuqa reactivated foreland thrust belts. Acta Petrotia Sinica, 21 (3) : 18～24 (in Chinese with English abstract).
McKnight C L. 1993． Structural styles and tectonic significance of Tianshan foothill fold-thrust belts, northwest China. Ph. D. thesis. Waco, Texas, Baylor University.
Nishidai T, Berry J L. 1990． Structure and hydrocarbon potential of the Tarim basin (NW China) from satellite imagery. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 13 (1) : 35～58．
Tang L J, Lin Z M. 1986． Structural styles of Tarim basin and its oil & gas accumulation. Xinjiang Geology, 4 (3) : 75～82 (in Chinese).
Tang L J. 1992． Multi-level detachments and petroleum potential of the Tarim basin. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 5 (4) : 327～338．
Tang L J. 1996． Tectonic Evolution and Structural Styles of Tarim Basin, Northwest China. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1～136 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang L J, Jia C Z, Pi X J, Chen S P, Wang Z Y, Xie H W. 2003a. Salt-related structural styles of Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt, northern Tarim basin. Science in China, 33 (1) : 38～46 (in Chinese).
Tang Liangjie, Jia Chengzao, Jin Zhijun, Pi Xuejun, Chen Shuping, Xie Huiwen. 2003b. Salt-related structural characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation in the middle segment of the Kuqa foreland fold belt in the Northern Tarim basin, NW ChinaGeological Review, 49 (5) : 501～506 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang X, Jia C Z, Yang S F, Aurelia H F, John S. 2002． The time of deformation on the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt in the southern Tianshan-based on the Kuqa river area. Acta Geologica Sinica, 76 (1) : 55～63 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wei B X, Liu Q, Xu D M. 1984． Correlation of the Paleogene selt beds and division of the saline sequence in the Kuqa basin, Xinjiang. Geological Review, 30 (1) : 59～68 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yin A, Nie S, Craig P, et al. 1998． Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Chinese Tian Shan. Tectonics, 17: 1～27．
Zhang C J, Tian Z Y. 1998． The Tertiary salt structures and petroleum in Kuqa depression, Tarim basin. Acta Petrotia Sinica, 19 (1) : 6～10 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang G Y, Chen F J, Wang X W. 1994． Deformation styles and distribution of the northern Tarim basin. Geosciences, 19 (6) : 755～768 (in Chinese with English abstract).
陈剑,卢华复,王胜利.2002． 库车断层相关褶皱的切角检验.地质论评,48(1) :74～79．
范湘涛,卢华复,郭华东,邵芸.2000． 库车冲断带新构造遥感分析.地质论评,46(5) :499～506．
何登发,李德生.1996． 塔里木盆地构造演化与油气聚集.北京:地质出版社,1～173．
贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君,等.1995． 塔里木盆地构造演化与区域构造地质.北京:石油工业出版社,1～174．
贾承造,何登发,雷振宇,等.2000． 前陆冲断带油气勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,1～351．
贾承造,胡云杨,田作基,等.2001． 塔里木盆地库车坳陷大气田勘探.见:高瑞祺,赵政璋主编.中国油气新区勘探(第一卷).北京:石油工业出版社,1～254．
刘和甫,梁慧社,蔡立国,等.1994． 天山两侧前陆盆地冲断系构造样式与前陆盆地演化.地球科学,19(6) :727～741．
卢华复,贾东,陈楚铭,刘志宏,王国强,贾承造.1999． 库车新生代构造性质和变形时间.地学前缘,6(4) :215～221．
卢华复,陈楚铭,刘志宏,等.2000． 库车再生前陆逆冲带的构造特征与成因.石油学报,21(3) :18～24．
汤良杰,林忠民.1986． 塔里木盆地构造样式与油气聚集.新疆地质,4(3) :75～82．
汤良杰.1992． 塔里木盆地多层次滑脱构造与含油气远景探讨.地质学报,66(2) :97～107．
汤良杰.1996． 塔里木盆地演化和构造样式.北京:地质出版社,1～136．
汤良杰,贾承造,皮学军,陈书平,王子煜,谢会文.2003a.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带盐相关构造样式.中国科学,33(1) :38～46．
汤良杰,贾承造,金之钧,皮学军,陈书平,谢会文.2003b.塔里木盆地库车前陆褶皱带中段盐相关构造特征与油气聚集.地质论评,49(5) :501～506．
汪新,贾承造,杨树锋,Aurelia H F,John S.2002． 南天山库车冲断褶皱带构造变形时间.地质学报,76(1) :55～63．
魏斌贤,刘群,许德明.1984． 新疆库车盆地下第三系盐层对比和含盐系划分.地质论评,30(1) :59～68．
张朝军,田在艺.1998． 塔里木盆地库车坳陷第三系盐构造与油气.石油学报,19(1) :6～10．
张光亚,陈发景,汪新文.1994． 塔北地区变形样式及其分布规律.地球科学,19(6) :755～768．
Chen C M, Lu H F, Jia D, Jia C Z. 1999． Structures and petroleum accumulation in the Qiulitag thrust front of the Kuqa rejuvenated foreland fole-thrust belt on the northern margin of the Tarim basin. Geological Review, 45 (4) : 423～433 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Jian, Lu Huafu, Wang Shengli. 2002． Testing of cut-off angles of the Kuqa fault-related folds. Geological Review, 48(1) : 74～79 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Fan Xiangtao, Lu Huafu, Guo Huadong, Shao Yun. 2002． Neotectonic analysis of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt by using remote sensing data. Geological Review, 46 (5) : 499～506 (in Chinese with English abstract).
He D F, Li D S. 1996． Tectonic Evolution and Petroleum Accumulation of Tarim Basin. Beijing: Geological Press, 1～173 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Jackson M P A. 1995． Retrospective salt tectonics. In: Jackson M P A, Roberts D G, Snelson S, eds. Salt Tectonics, A Global Perspective. AAPG Memoir 65, 1～28．
Jia C Z, Wei G Q, Yao H J, et al. 1995． Tectonic Evolution and Regional Structural Geology. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1～174 (in Chinese).
Jia C Z, He D F, Lei Z Y, et al. 2000． Petroleum Exploration in Foreland Thrust Belts. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1～135 (in Chinese).
Jia C Z, Hu Y Y, Tian Z J, Wang H J, Zhang G Y, Xiao C W, Zhang F X, Duan S F. 2001． Exploration of the large gas field in Kuche depression of Tarim basin. In: Gao Ruiqi, Zhao Zhengzhang, eds. The Frontier Petroleum Exploration in China, vol. 1． Beijing: Petruleum Industry Press, 1～254 (in Chinese).
Jia D, Lu H F, Cai D S, Wu S M, Shi Y S, Chen C M. 1998． Structural features of northern Tarim basin: implications for regional tectonics and petroleum traps. AAPG Bulletin, 82 (1) : 147～159．
Letouzey J, Colletta B, Vially R, et al. 1995． Evolution of salt-related structures in compressional settings. In: Jackson M P A, Roberts D G, Snelson S, eds. Salt Tectonics, A Global Perspective. AAPG Memoir 65, 41～60．
Liu H F, Liang H S, Cai L G, Xia Y P, Liu L Q. 1994． Evolution and structural style of Tianshan and adjacent basins, northwestern China. Geosciences, 19 (6) : 727～741 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu H F, Jia D, Chen C M, et al. 1999． Nature and timing of the Kuqa Cenozoic structures. Earth Science Frontiers, 6 (4) : 215～221 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu H F, Chen C M, Liu Z H, et al. 2000． Structural characteristics and origin of Kuqa reactivated foreland thrust belts. Acta Petrotia Sinica, 21 (3) : 18～24 (in Chinese with English abstract).
McKnight C L. 1993． Structural styles and tectonic significance of Tianshan foothill fold-thrust belts, northwest China. Ph. D. thesis. Waco, Texas, Baylor University.
Nishidai T, Berry J L. 1990． Structure and hydrocarbon potential of the Tarim basin (NW China) from satellite imagery. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 13 (1) : 35～58．
Tang L J, Lin Z M. 1986． Structural styles of Tarim basin and its oil & gas accumulation. Xinjiang Geology, 4 (3) : 75～82 (in Chinese).
Tang L J. 1992． Multi-level detachments and petroleum potential of the Tarim basin. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 5 (4) : 327～338．
Tang L J. 1996． Tectonic Evolution and Structural Styles of Tarim Basin, Northwest China. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1～136 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang L J, Jia C Z, Pi X J, Chen S P, Wang Z Y, Xie H W. 2003a. Salt-related structural styles of Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt, northern Tarim basin. Science in China, 33 (1) : 38～46 (in Chinese).
Tang Liangjie, Jia Chengzao, Jin Zhijun, Pi Xuejun, Chen Shuping, Xie Huiwen. 2003b. Salt-related structural characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation in the middle segment of the Kuqa foreland fold belt in the Northern Tarim basin, NW ChinaGeological Review, 49 (5) : 501～506 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang X, Jia C Z, Yang S F, Aurelia H F, John S. 2002． The time of deformation on the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt in the southern Tianshan-based on the Kuqa river area. Acta Geologica Sinica, 76 (1) : 55～63 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wei B X, Liu Q, Xu D M. 1984． Correlation of the Paleogene selt beds and division of the saline sequence in the Kuqa basin, Xinjiang. Geological Review, 30 (1) : 59～68 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yin A, Nie S, Craig P, et al. 1998． Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Chinese Tian Shan. Tectonics, 17: 1～27．
Zhang C J, Tian Z Y. 1998． The Tertiary salt structures and petroleum in Kuqa depression, Tarim basin. Acta Petrotia Sinica, 19 (1) : 6～10 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang G Y, Chen F J, Wang X W. 1994． Deformation styles and distribution of the northern Tarim basin. Geosciences, 19 (6) : 755～768 (in Chinese with English abstract).
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心