对同震观测应力-应变阶跃的研究
|
摘要
<正> 一、引言地震是当地壳内的应力积累超过岩石破裂强度引起大范围的岩体破裂造成的。因此,对地应力(应变)及其变化的观测一直受到人们的特别关注。我国用钻孔地应力-应变观测进行地震预报,是1966年在李四光的倡导下开展起来的,已经有30多年的历史。30多年来,经过众多研究人员的不懈努力,钻孔地应力-应变观测在理论上和技术上不断改进,日臻完善。最近10多年来,钻孔地应力(应变)观测系
For earthquake prediction experiments, it is mostly concemed that how to physically explain the relation between stress-strain observatory curve variation and earthquake processes. To solve the problem, one should study co-seismic observatory curve variation and make comparison with theoretical results. Firstly, observatory curve co-seismic variation is unique determined in relation to earthquakes, and secondly, its calculation theory is rather mature. The study may combined with studies of stress triggering and stress shadow problems.
For earthquake prediction experiments, it is mostly concemed that how to physically explain the relation between stress-strain observatory curve variation and earthquake processes. To solve the problem, one should study co-seismic observatory curve variation and make comparison with theoretical results. Firstly, observatory curve co-seismic variation is unique determined in relation to earthquakes, and secondly, its calculation theory is rather mature. The study may combined with studies of stress triggering and stress shadow problems.
引文
[1] 章名川、区明益、汪铁华,测量地应力的专用仪器--SYL-1型数字式压磁应力仪,地应力测量的原理和应用,北京:地质出版社,1981。
[2] 苏恺之,液位型体积式应变仪的工作原理,地震科学研究,No.4,1982。
[3] 欧阳祖熙、李秉元、贾维九、张宗润,一种钻井式地应力测量系统,地壳构造与地壳应力文集(2) ,北京:地震出版社,1988。
[4] 王启民、冯先水、马鸿钧,一种弦频式钻孔应变仪,地震学报,Vol.5,No.3,1983。
[5] 池顺良,YRY-2型压容式钻孔应变仪,地震,No.3,1983。
[6] 潘立宙,测量地应力的钻孔变形法,地应力测量的原理和应用,北京:地质出版社,1981。
[7] 张超,钻孔法地应力测量中元件率定的若干力学问题,地应力测量的原理和应用,北京:地质出版社,1981。
[8] 苏恺之、何玉,钻孔法地应力相对测量的误差问题,地应力研究文集,北京:地震出版社,1984。
[9] 张培耀,压磁传感器在地应力测量中的几个问题,地应力研究文集,北京:地震出版社,1984。
[10] 陈源俊、杨修信,用固体潮确定钻孔应变仪的原地测量灵敏度,首都圈地震短临预报新方法观测与研究,国家地震局科技监测司编,北京:地震出版社,1994。
[11] 石耀霖、范桃园,地应力观测井中元件标定及应力场计算方法,地震,20(2) ,2000。
[12] Qiu Zehua, et al., On the cause of ground stress tensile pulses observed before the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 88, No.4, 989～994, 1998．
[13] 石耀霖,关于应力触发和应力影概念在地震预报中应用的一些思考,地震,21(3) ,2001。
[14] Rybicki, K.,Analysis of aftershocks on the basis of dislocation theory. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 7:402～422, 1973．
[15] Yamashina K., A possible factor which triggers shadow intra-plate earthquakes, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter, 18:153～164,1979．
[16] 王仁等,华北地区地震迁移规律的数学模拟,地震学报,2(1) ,1980。
[17] Hill, D. P., et al., Seismicity remotely triggered by the magnitude 7． 3 Landers. California, earthquake. Science, 260: 1617～1623, 1993．
[18] Stein, R. S., Barka, A. A., Dieterich, J. H., Progressive failure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquake stress triggering. Geophys. J. Int., 128: 594～604, 1997．
[19] Reasonberg, P. A., Simpson, R. W., Response of regional seismicity to the static stress change produced by the Loma Prieta earthquake, Science, 255． 1687～1690, 1992．
[20] Kerr, R. A., A Slow Start for Earthquakes. Science, 275(5353) : 985, 1998．
[21] Pollitz, E E, et al., Viscosity of Oceanic Asthenosphere Inferred from Remote Triggering of Earthquakes, Science, 280: 1245～1249, 1998．
[22] Dreger, D. S., et al., Dilational Processes Accompanying Earthquakes in the Long Valley Caldera, Science, 288, Number 5463, 122～125, 2000．
[23] Wang, C. Y., Cai, Y. E., Sensitivity of earthquake cycles on the San Andreas fault to small changes in regional compression, Nature, 388, 158～161, 1997．
[24] Linde, A. T., I., Selwyn Sacks, Triggering of volcanic eruptions, Nature, 395, 888～890, 1998．
[25] Stein, R. S., The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence, Nature, 402, 605～609, 1999．
[26] Hubert-Ferrari, A., et al., Seismic hazard in the Marmara Sea region following the 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake, Nature, 404, 269～273, 2000．
[27] Stephen S. Gao, Paul G. Silver, Alan T. Linde, I. Selwyn Sacks, Annual modulation of triggered seismicity following the 1992 Landers earthquake in California, Nature, 406, 500～504, 2000．
[28] Marone, C., Earthquake science: Shaking faults loose, Nature, 408, 533～535, 2000．
[29] Kilb, D., Joan Gomberg, Paul Bodin, Triggering of earthquake aftershocks by dynamic stresses, Nature, 408, 570～574, 2000．
[30] Hearn, E. H., Earthquakes: Shock delay, Nature, 411,150～151, 2001。
[31] Freed, A. M., Jian Lin, Delayed triggering of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake by viscoelastic stress transfer, Nature, 411,180～183, 2001．
[32] Gomberg, J. P. A., Reasenberg, P. Bodin, R. A. Harris, Earthquake triggering by seismic waves following the Landers and Hector Mine earthquakes, Nature, 411 462～466, 2001．
[33] Okada, Y., Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 75,1135～1154, 1985．
[34] Okada, Y., Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 82,1018～1040, 1992．
[35] 游永雄、王荣敏、李爱军等,应力遥感监测滇西北地震前兆场,中国科学(D辑),28(4) ,1998。
[36] Gomberg, J., The failure of earthquake failure models. Jour. Geophys. Res., 106(8) : 16253～16264, 2001．
[37] 邱泽华、石耀霖,地震造成远距离应力阶变的观测实例,中国科学,2002。
[38] 邱泽华、石耀霖,用观测资料研究地震造成的远距离应力阶变问题,中国地球物理学会年刊,2002。
[2] 苏恺之,液位型体积式应变仪的工作原理,地震科学研究,No.4,1982。
[3] 欧阳祖熙、李秉元、贾维九、张宗润,一种钻井式地应力测量系统,地壳构造与地壳应力文集(2) ,北京:地震出版社,1988。
[4] 王启民、冯先水、马鸿钧,一种弦频式钻孔应变仪,地震学报,Vol.5,No.3,1983。
[5] 池顺良,YRY-2型压容式钻孔应变仪,地震,No.3,1983。
[6] 潘立宙,测量地应力的钻孔变形法,地应力测量的原理和应用,北京:地质出版社,1981。
[7] 张超,钻孔法地应力测量中元件率定的若干力学问题,地应力测量的原理和应用,北京:地质出版社,1981。
[8] 苏恺之、何玉,钻孔法地应力相对测量的误差问题,地应力研究文集,北京:地震出版社,1984。
[9] 张培耀,压磁传感器在地应力测量中的几个问题,地应力研究文集,北京:地震出版社,1984。
[10] 陈源俊、杨修信,用固体潮确定钻孔应变仪的原地测量灵敏度,首都圈地震短临预报新方法观测与研究,国家地震局科技监测司编,北京:地震出版社,1994。
[11] 石耀霖、范桃园,地应力观测井中元件标定及应力场计算方法,地震,20(2) ,2000。
[12] Qiu Zehua, et al., On the cause of ground stress tensile pulses observed before the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 88, No.4, 989～994, 1998．
[13] 石耀霖,关于应力触发和应力影概念在地震预报中应用的一些思考,地震,21(3) ,2001。
[14] Rybicki, K.,Analysis of aftershocks on the basis of dislocation theory. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 7:402～422, 1973．
[15] Yamashina K., A possible factor which triggers shadow intra-plate earthquakes, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter, 18:153～164,1979．
[16] 王仁等,华北地区地震迁移规律的数学模拟,地震学报,2(1) ,1980。
[17] Hill, D. P., et al., Seismicity remotely triggered by the magnitude 7． 3 Landers. California, earthquake. Science, 260: 1617～1623, 1993．
[18] Stein, R. S., Barka, A. A., Dieterich, J. H., Progressive failure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquake stress triggering. Geophys. J. Int., 128: 594～604, 1997．
[19] Reasonberg, P. A., Simpson, R. W., Response of regional seismicity to the static stress change produced by the Loma Prieta earthquake, Science, 255． 1687～1690, 1992．
[20] Kerr, R. A., A Slow Start for Earthquakes. Science, 275(5353) : 985, 1998．
[21] Pollitz, E E, et al., Viscosity of Oceanic Asthenosphere Inferred from Remote Triggering of Earthquakes, Science, 280: 1245～1249, 1998．
[22] Dreger, D. S., et al., Dilational Processes Accompanying Earthquakes in the Long Valley Caldera, Science, 288, Number 5463, 122～125, 2000．
[23] Wang, C. Y., Cai, Y. E., Sensitivity of earthquake cycles on the San Andreas fault to small changes in regional compression, Nature, 388, 158～161, 1997．
[24] Linde, A. T., I., Selwyn Sacks, Triggering of volcanic eruptions, Nature, 395, 888～890, 1998．
[25] Stein, R. S., The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence, Nature, 402, 605～609, 1999．
[26] Hubert-Ferrari, A., et al., Seismic hazard in the Marmara Sea region following the 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake, Nature, 404, 269～273, 2000．
[27] Stephen S. Gao, Paul G. Silver, Alan T. Linde, I. Selwyn Sacks, Annual modulation of triggered seismicity following the 1992 Landers earthquake in California, Nature, 406, 500～504, 2000．
[28] Marone, C., Earthquake science: Shaking faults loose, Nature, 408, 533～535, 2000．
[29] Kilb, D., Joan Gomberg, Paul Bodin, Triggering of earthquake aftershocks by dynamic stresses, Nature, 408, 570～574, 2000．
[30] Hearn, E. H., Earthquakes: Shock delay, Nature, 411,150～151, 2001。
[31] Freed, A. M., Jian Lin, Delayed triggering of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake by viscoelastic stress transfer, Nature, 411,180～183, 2001．
[32] Gomberg, J. P. A., Reasenberg, P. Bodin, R. A. Harris, Earthquake triggering by seismic waves following the Landers and Hector Mine earthquakes, Nature, 411 462～466, 2001．
[33] Okada, Y., Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 75,1135～1154, 1985．
[34] Okada, Y., Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 82,1018～1040, 1992．
[35] 游永雄、王荣敏、李爱军等,应力遥感监测滇西北地震前兆场,中国科学(D辑),28(4) ,1998。
[36] Gomberg, J., The failure of earthquake failure models. Jour. Geophys. Res., 106(8) : 16253～16264, 2001．
[37] 邱泽华、石耀霖,地震造成远距离应力阶变的观测实例,中国科学,2002。
[38] 邱泽华、石耀霖,用观测资料研究地震造成的远距离应力阶变问题,中国地球物理学会年刊,2002。
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心