汶川地震断裂带东北端浅部结构的人工地震探测
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摘要
结合汶川地震断裂带动态监测,利用快速响应探测系统,开展了断层带浅部结构人工地震探测.针对地震断裂带动态监测条件下的复杂波场和低信噪比的情况,在f-k波场分离的基础上,分别利用了折射波共中心点成像、面波速度反演、反射波叠加成像方法,进行了浅层断层和构造成像处理,并对处理结果进行了综合解释,给出了断裂带浅部断层分布和速度特征.为汶川地震龙门山断裂带东北端动态监测提供了基础结构信息,所发展的断裂带快速响应探测技术对于地震应急动态监测具有重要意义.
Fault zone is sensitive to the post-seismic stress state. We can get the fault healing process by monitoring the fault zone seismic velocity temporal variation. In order to get the shallow structure at the northeast end of Wenchuan earthquake fault zone, we carried out a shallow structure survey by artificial seismic sources. The strong shallow reflector and complex structure produced a complicated wave field and low signal to noise ratio data. Based on separated surface, reflection and refraction waves by f-k transform, we imaged the subsurface structure by refraction common middle point imaging, surface wave velocity inversion, and reflection wave stack imaging. An integrated interpretation was done combing the three imagine data and the shallow faults and velocity distribution were given. This work is helpful to post-seismic emergency monitoring of earthquake fault zone.
Fault zone is sensitive to the post-seismic stress state. We can get the fault healing process by monitoring the fault zone seismic velocity temporal variation. In order to get the shallow structure at the northeast end of Wenchuan earthquake fault zone, we carried out a shallow structure survey by artificial seismic sources. The strong shallow reflector and complex structure produced a complicated wave field and low signal to noise ratio data. Based on separated surface, reflection and refraction waves by f-k transform, we imaged the subsurface structure by refraction common middle point imaging, surface wave velocity inversion, and reflection wave stack imaging. An integrated interpretation was done combing the three imagine data and the shallow faults and velocity distribution were given. This work is helpful to post-seismic emergency monitoring of earthquake fault zone.
引文
[1] 王振东.浅层地震勘探应用技术.北京:地质出版社,1988,32-132 Wang Z D. Application of Shallow Seismic Exploration Techniques ( in Chinese),Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1988． 32-132
[2] 张碧星,鲁来玉.用频率-波数法分析瑞利波频散曲线.工程地球物理学报,2005,2(4) :245-255 Zhang B X,Lu L Y. Investigation on the dispersion curves of Rayleigh wave by frequency-wavenumber analysis method. Chinese J. Engineering Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2005,2(4) :245-255
[3] 单娜琳,程志平,刘云祯.工程地震勘探.北京:冶金工业出版社,2006． 48-144 Shan N L, Cheng Z P, Liu Y Z. Engineering Seismic Exploration ( in Chinese ). Beijing: Metallurgy Industry Press,2006． 48-144
[4] 杨成林.瑞雷波勘探.北京:地质出版社,1993． 7-68 Yang C L. Rayleigh Wave Exploration (in Chinese). Beijing; Geological Publishing House, 1993． 7-68
[5] 冯太林,张学工,李衍达.折射波地震记录叠加成像方法研究.地球物理学报,2001,44(1) :129-134 Feng T L,Zhang X G,Li Y D. Research on methodology of stack imaging of refractive seismic recording. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2001,44(1) :129-134
[6] 牟永光,陈小宏,李国发等.地震数据处理方法.北京:石油工业出版社,2007,101-142 Mou Y G,Chen X H, Li G F, et al. Seismic Data Processing Methods (in Chinese). Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 2007． 101-142
[7] 孙成禹.地震波理论与方法.东营:中国石油大学出版社, 2007． 200-211 Sun C Y. Theory and Methods of Seismic Waves ( in Chinese). Dongying: China University of Petroleum Press, 2007． 200-211
[8] Florent Brenguier.Nikolai M Shapiro,Michel Campillo,et al. 3-D surface wave tomography of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano using seismic noise correlations. Geophysical Research Letters ,2007,4: L02305
[9] Nikolai M Shapiro, Michel Campillo, Laurent Stehly, Michael H Ritzwoller. High-resolution surface-wave tomography from ambient seismic noise. SciencE, 2005 ,307:1615-1618
[10] 刘保金,姬继法,徐朝繁等.共偏移距地震反射波方法用于城市活断层探测.地震地质,2006,28(3) :411-418 Liu B J,Ji J F, Xu C F,et al. Application of common offset seismic reflection method to urban active fault survey. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese),2006,28(3) :411-418
[11] 赵德亨,田钢,王帮兵.浅层地震折射波法综述.世界地质,2005,24(2) :103-114 Zhao D H,Tian G,Wang B B. An overview of shallow seismic refraction methods. Global Geology (in Chinese), 2005, 24 (2) :103-114
[12] 徐涛,徐果明,高尔根等.复杂介质的折射波射线追踪.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6) :690-693 Xu T,Xu G M,Gao E G, et al. Ray tracing of refract wave in complex media. Petroleum Geophysical Prospecting ( in Chinese) ,2004,39(6) :690-693
[13] 张东宁,袁松涌,沈正康.青藏高原现代地壳运动与活动断层关系的模拟实验.地球物理学报,2007,50(1) :153-162 Zhang D IN, Yuan S Y,Shen Z K. Numerical simulation of the recent crust movement and the fault activities in Tibetan plateau. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2007,50(1) :153-162
[14] 赵爱华,丁志峰,孙为国等.复杂介质地震定位中震源轨迹的计算.地球物理学报,2008,51(4) :1188-1195 Zhao A H,Ding Z F,Sun W G, et al. Calculation focal loci for earthquake location in complex media. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),2008,51(4) :1188-1195
[2] 张碧星,鲁来玉.用频率-波数法分析瑞利波频散曲线.工程地球物理学报,2005,2(4) :245-255 Zhang B X,Lu L Y. Investigation on the dispersion curves of Rayleigh wave by frequency-wavenumber analysis method. Chinese J. Engineering Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2005,2(4) :245-255
[3] 单娜琳,程志平,刘云祯.工程地震勘探.北京:冶金工业出版社,2006． 48-144 Shan N L, Cheng Z P, Liu Y Z. Engineering Seismic Exploration ( in Chinese ). Beijing: Metallurgy Industry Press,2006． 48-144
[4] 杨成林.瑞雷波勘探.北京:地质出版社,1993． 7-68 Yang C L. Rayleigh Wave Exploration (in Chinese). Beijing; Geological Publishing House, 1993． 7-68
[5] 冯太林,张学工,李衍达.折射波地震记录叠加成像方法研究.地球物理学报,2001,44(1) :129-134 Feng T L,Zhang X G,Li Y D. Research on methodology of stack imaging of refractive seismic recording. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2001,44(1) :129-134
[6] 牟永光,陈小宏,李国发等.地震数据处理方法.北京:石油工业出版社,2007,101-142 Mou Y G,Chen X H, Li G F, et al. Seismic Data Processing Methods (in Chinese). Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 2007． 101-142
[7] 孙成禹.地震波理论与方法.东营:中国石油大学出版社, 2007． 200-211 Sun C Y. Theory and Methods of Seismic Waves ( in Chinese). Dongying: China University of Petroleum Press, 2007． 200-211
[8] Florent Brenguier.Nikolai M Shapiro,Michel Campillo,et al. 3-D surface wave tomography of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano using seismic noise correlations. Geophysical Research Letters ,2007,4: L02305
[9] Nikolai M Shapiro, Michel Campillo, Laurent Stehly, Michael H Ritzwoller. High-resolution surface-wave tomography from ambient seismic noise. SciencE, 2005 ,307:1615-1618
[10] 刘保金,姬继法,徐朝繁等.共偏移距地震反射波方法用于城市活断层探测.地震地质,2006,28(3) :411-418 Liu B J,Ji J F, Xu C F,et al. Application of common offset seismic reflection method to urban active fault survey. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese),2006,28(3) :411-418
[11] 赵德亨,田钢,王帮兵.浅层地震折射波法综述.世界地质,2005,24(2) :103-114 Zhao D H,Tian G,Wang B B. An overview of shallow seismic refraction methods. Global Geology (in Chinese), 2005, 24 (2) :103-114
[12] 徐涛,徐果明,高尔根等.复杂介质的折射波射线追踪.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6) :690-693 Xu T,Xu G M,Gao E G, et al. Ray tracing of refract wave in complex media. Petroleum Geophysical Prospecting ( in Chinese) ,2004,39(6) :690-693
[13] 张东宁,袁松涌,沈正康.青藏高原现代地壳运动与活动断层关系的模拟实验.地球物理学报,2007,50(1) :153-162 Zhang D IN, Yuan S Y,Shen Z K. Numerical simulation of the recent crust movement and the fault activities in Tibetan plateau. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2007,50(1) :153-162
[14] 赵爱华,丁志峰,孙为国等.复杂介质地震定位中震源轨迹的计算.地球物理学报,2008,51(4) :1188-1195 Zhao A H,Ding Z F,Sun W G, et al. Calculation focal loci for earthquake location in complex media. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),2008,51(4) :1188-1195
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