塔河油田加里东期岩溶储层特征及分布预测
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摘要
岩溶储层是塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩的主要储层,是海西早期与加里东期岩溶作用的结果。海西期岩溶储层主要发育在石炭系直接覆盖于中下奥陶统之上的地区,上奥陶统覆盖区的岩溶储层主要是加里东期岩溶作用形成的。地震剖面奥陶系反射波组底部上超、顶部削切特征,牙形剌化石带的缺失、志留系层序地层对比均证实奥陶系在加里东中期有过隆升剥蚀,说明塔河油田具备有加里东岩溶作用的地质条件,锶同位素特征证实了加里东期岩溶洞穴的存在。在上奥陶统覆盖区,岩溶储层主要发育于加里东不整合面(T74和T72)下300m之内,岩溶储层中,岩溶洞穴高度主要为0~30m之间,最大可达75m,显然是加里东中期岩溶作用的产物。加里东期断裂控制了加里东岩溶储层的发育,由此预测了加里东期岩溶储层的发育区带。
As a result of karstification in early Hercynian and Caledonian, karst reservoirs are the main kind of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Tahe oilfield. Karst reservoirs in Hercynian develop mostly in the area where Carboniferous strata directly overlay the mid-lower Ordovician, and the karst reservoirs in the area covered by upper Ordovician were formed in Caledonian. The Ordovician strata had experienced uplift and erosion, which is proven by bottom onlap and top erosion truncation of the Ordovician reflected wave group in seismic section, lack of conodont fossil belt and sequence stratigraphic correlation in Silurian. So, there were geologic conditions for Caledonian karst formation in Tahe oilfield. In addition, the existence of karst cave has been proven by Sr isotope characteristics.!In area covered by upper Ordovician, karst reservoirs mainly develop in the depth less than 300 m under Caledonian unconformity surface. In these karst reservoirs, the height of karst caves is between 0 and 30 m, maximum of 75 m, which shows that the karst caves were distinctly formed by mid-Caledonian karstification. Based on the domination of Caledonian faults on the development of Caledonian karst reservoirs, this paper predicts the development area of Caledonian karst reservoirs.
As a result of karstification in early Hercynian and Caledonian, karst reservoirs are the main kind of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Tahe oilfield. Karst reservoirs in Hercynian develop mostly in the area where Carboniferous strata directly overlay the mid-lower Ordovician, and the karst reservoirs in the area covered by upper Ordovician were formed in Caledonian. The Ordovician strata had experienced uplift and erosion, which is proven by bottom onlap and top erosion truncation of the Ordovician reflected wave group in seismic section, lack of conodont fossil belt and sequence stratigraphic correlation in Silurian. So, there were geologic conditions for Caledonian karst formation in Tahe oilfield. In addition, the existence of karst cave has been proven by Sr isotope characteristics.!In area covered by upper Ordovician, karst reservoirs mainly develop in the depth less than 300 m under Caledonian unconformity surface. In these karst reservoirs, the height of karst caves is between 0 and 30 m, maximum of 75 m, which shows that the karst caves were distinctly formed by mid-Caledonian karstification. Based on the domination of Caledonian faults on the development of Caledonian karst reservoirs, this paper predicts the development area of Caledonian karst reservoirs.
引文
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2Arthur N Palmer.Geochemical Models for Origin of Macroscopic Solu-tion Porosity in Carbonate Rocks.AAPG Memoir63,1995,77-101
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4Loucks R G.Paleocave carbonite reservoirs:origins,burial-depth mod-ification,spatial complexity,and reservoir implications.AAPG Bulle-tin,1999,83(11):1795-1834
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7Hammes U,Lucia F J,Kerans C.Reservoir heterogeneity in karst-re-lated reservoirs:Lower Ordovician Ellenberger Group,Precambrian-Devonian geology of the Franklin Mountains,West Texas,-Analogs for exploration and production in Ordovician and Silurian kasted reservoirs in the Permian Basin.Annual West Texas Geology Society Field Trip(MIDLAND,TX,1996)
8Hammes U,Charles K,Lucia F J.Development of a multiphase cave system:Ellenburger Formation,Lower Ordovician,West Texas.Annu-al AAPG-SEPM-EMD-DPA-DEG CONV(DALLAS,4/6-9/97)PAP Abstract1997.47
9金振奎,邹元荣,蒋春雷,由伟丰.大港探区奥陶系岩溶储层发育分布控制因素.沉积学报,2001,19(4):530-535[Jin Zhenkui,Zou Yuanrong,Jiang Chunlei,You Weifeng.Distribution and controlling factors of Ordovician karst reservors in Dagang Region.Acta Sedimen-tologica Sinica,2001,19(4):530-535]
10戴弹申,王兰生.四川盆地碳酸盐岩缝洞系统形成条件.海相油气地质,2000,2(1-2):89-97[Dai Danshen,Wang Lansheng.Forming conditions of the fracture-cavity system in carbonate rocks in SichuanBasin.Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2000,2(1-2):89-97]
11裴宗平,韩宝平,韩彦丽,李淑民,孟宪军.任北奥陶系岩溶发育规律及对油田开发的影响.中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(4)368-372[Pei Zongping,Han Baoping,Han Yanli,Li Shumin,Meng Xian-jun.Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2000,29(4):368-372]
12郑聪斌,冀小林,贾疏源.陕甘宁盆地中部奥陶系风化壳古岩溶发育特征.中国岩溶,1995,14(3):280-288[Zheng Congbin,Ji Xi-aolin,Jia Shuyuan.Palaeokast features of Ordovician Weathering crust in the centre of Shanganning Basin.Carsologica Sinica,1995,14(3):280-288]
13贾振远,蔡忠贤,肖玉茹.古风化壳是碳酸盐岩一个重要的储集层(体)类型.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,1995,20(3):283-289[Jia Zhenyuan,Cai Zhonaxian,Xiao Yuru.Paleoweathering crust:an important reservoir(body)type of carbonate rocks.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences.1995,20(3):283-289]
14林忠民.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及成藏条件.石油学报,2002,23(3).23-26[Lin Zhongmin.Carbonate rock reservoir fea-tures and oil-gas accumulating conditions in the Ordovician of Tahe oilfield in northern Tarim Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(3):23-26]
15张抗.塔河油田性质和塔里木碳酸盐岩油气勘探方向.石油学报,2001,22(4):1-6[Zhang Kang.The characteristics of Tahe oil-field and the oil-gas exploration direction in the carbonates of Tarim basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(4):1-6]
16林忠民.塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系大型油气藏形成条件.地质论评,2002,48(4):372-376[Lin Zhongmin.Formation condition of large-scal oil-gas pool in Ordovician carbonate rock in the Tahe oil field,Tarim Basin.Gological Review,2002,48(4):372-376]
17王运生.四川盆地下二叠统白云岩及古岩溶的形成与峨眉地裂运动的关系.成都理工学院学报,1997,24(1):8-16[Wang Yunsh-eng.The formation of dolomite and paleokarst of lower Permian series in Sichuan basin and the relation to the Emei taphrogenesis.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,1997,24(1):8-16]
18王兴志,黄继祥,侯方浩,等.四川资阳及邻区灯影组古岩溶特征与储集空间.矿物岩石,1996,26(2):47-56[Wang Xingzhi,Huang Jixiang,Huo Fanghao,et al.The relations between paleokarst and reservoir prosity in Denying formation,Sinian of Ziyang and neiboring area,Sichuan.Journal of Mineral Petrology,1996,26(2):47-56]
19郑聪斌,王飞雁,贾疏源.陕甘宁盆地中部奥陶系风化壳岩溶岩及岩溶相模式.中国岩溶,1997,16(4):351-361[Zheng Congbin,Wang Feiyan,Jia Shuyuan.Karst rock of weathered crust of Ordovi-cian and its karstification mode in central Shaanganning basin.Carso-logica Sinica,1997,16(4):351-361]
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