塔中地区碳酸盐岩裂缝综合预测技术及其应用
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摘要
塔中地区碳酸盐岩裂缝复杂多变,对储层的储渗性能、烃类运聚、产能起着至关重要的作用。针对塔中奥陶系裂缝发育的特点,形成了相干处理、应变量分析、数值模拟3种裂缝预测技术。高相干相表示较致密地层的反映;低相干相表示可能是岩溶或裂缝发育反映;极低值相干相表示各级断层的反映。应变量分析则是通过钻井标定,同时考虑地层厚度、岩性、裂缝发育方向等参数,对多期构造运动产生的裂缝的密度进行预测。数值模拟是利用应变量、曲率或其他地震属性做约束,应用随机模拟方法,确定裂缝的平面展布与发育程度。根据岩心观察裂缝的切割关系、充填成分以及充填序次,结合测井资料和以上3种技术的裂缝预测结果及区域构造应力场的分析,对塔里木盆地塔中16—塔中30井区奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝发育带进行了预测,这三项技术预测的结果与井区内实际钻井奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩心裂缝参数统计值基本吻合,证实了利用相干体、应变量分析和数值模拟技术综合预测塔中地区碳酸盐岩裂缝发育带是实用的,也是有效的。
Fractures of carbonate reservoirs are complex in Tazhong area and are critical to the poroperm charac- teristics of the reservoirs,hydrocarbon migration and accumulation,and productivity of wells.Taking into consi- deration the characteristics of fractures in the Ordovician carbonates in the Tazhong area,this paper presents three fracture prediction technologies,including coherence processing,strain analysis,and numerical simulation. High coherence facies indicates dense formation and low coherence facies may mean the existence of karst cavi- ties or fractures,while extreme low coherence facies reflects faults of different grades.Strain analysis predicts the density of fractures caused by multi-phase tectonic movements,through drilling calibration and taking into con- sideration the parameters such as strata thickness,lithology,and fracture orientation.Constrained by strain mag- nitude,curvature,and other seismic attributes,the numerical simulation determines plane distribution and devel- opment of fractures through probabilistic simulation.According to the cutting relationship,filling components and filling orders of fractures observed in core samples,this paper predicted the fractured zones in the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong 16 -Tazhong 30 wellbloek by combining logging data,fracture prediction results of the foregoing three technologies,and analysis of regional tectonic stress field.The prediction results are con- sistent with the statistics of fracture parameters of the cores taken from the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the field,showing that these technologies are practical and effective in predicting fractured zones in carbonates.
Fractures of carbonate reservoirs are complex in Tazhong area and are critical to the poroperm charac- teristics of the reservoirs,hydrocarbon migration and accumulation,and productivity of wells.Taking into consi- deration the characteristics of fractures in the Ordovician carbonates in the Tazhong area,this paper presents three fracture prediction technologies,including coherence processing,strain analysis,and numerical simulation. High coherence facies indicates dense formation and low coherence facies may mean the existence of karst cavi- ties or fractures,while extreme low coherence facies reflects faults of different grades.Strain analysis predicts the density of fractures caused by multi-phase tectonic movements,through drilling calibration and taking into con- sideration the parameters such as strata thickness,lithology,and fracture orientation.Constrained by strain mag- nitude,curvature,and other seismic attributes,the numerical simulation determines plane distribution and devel- opment of fractures through probabilistic simulation.According to the cutting relationship,filling components and filling orders of fractures observed in core samples,this paper predicted the fractured zones in the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong 16 -Tazhong 30 wellbloek by combining logging data,fracture prediction results of the foregoing three technologies,and analysis of regional tectonic stress field.The prediction results are con- sistent with the statistics of fracture parameters of the cores taken from the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the field,showing that these technologies are practical and effective in predicting fractured zones in carbonates.
引文
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2 斯麦霍夫 E M.裂缝性油气储集层勘探的基本理沦与方法[M].陈定宝,刘明新,刘慈群,等译.北京:石油工业出版社,1985． 75～90
3 姜子昂,熊鹰.川东南碳酸盐岩裂缝系统微型差异聚集[J].石油与天然气地质,1997,18(3) :171～176
4 何治亮,陈强路,钱一雄,等.塔里木盆地中央隆起区油气勘探方向[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6) :768～778
5 韩革华,漆立新,李宗杰,等.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层预测技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6) :860～870,878
6 张达景,王英氏,尚志高,等.塔里木盆地台盆区古生界油气输导体系与勘测方向[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(5) :604～613
7 包强,刘仲宣.资阳地区震旦系裂缝特征及控制因素初探[J].天然气工业,1996,16(5) ,28～31
8 赵良孝.碳酸盐岩储集层测井技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994． 76～85
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