幕式成藏的机理和规律探讨
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摘要
根据国内外油气成藏特点及盆地流体动力学综合分析,认为幕式成藏也是含油气盆地一种普遍存在的成藏方式,特别是对于多构造运动、断裂发育的盆地以及异常压力比较发育的盆地,幕式成藏往往占有重要地位。幕式成藏的机理主要有构造幕和构造泵作用、断层阀效应或地震泵作用以及超压积聚效应等3种作用。但与渐进式成藏不同,幕式成藏在时间上并不完全受生烃窗控制,而主要受控于区域构造运动、断裂活动或异常压力的演化,因此盆地的构造演化史、断裂活动史和异常压力发育史往往决定了幕式成藏史。
Based on a comprehensive analysis of reservoiring characteristics and basinal flow dynamics both at home and abroad, it is believed that episodic reservoiring also is a common type of reservoiring in petroliferous basins and usually plays an important role especially in those basins that have experienced multiple stage tectonic movements and have well-developed fractures and that have relatively high abnormal pressures. The mechanisms of episodic reservoiring mainly include tectonic episodes (or tectonic pumping), valve effect of fault (or seismic pumping) and overpressure buildup effect. Unlike progressive reservoiring, the timing of episodic reservoiring is not completely controlled by hydrocarbon generation window, but mainly controlled by regional tectonic movement, faulting or evolution of abnormal pressure. Therefore, episodic reservoiring history is usually controlled by tectonic evolution history, faulting history and abnormal pressure development history of a basin.
Based on a comprehensive analysis of reservoiring characteristics and basinal flow dynamics both at home and abroad, it is believed that episodic reservoiring also is a common type of reservoiring in petroliferous basins and usually plays an important role especially in those basins that have experienced multiple stage tectonic movements and have well-developed fractures and that have relatively high abnormal pressures. The mechanisms of episodic reservoiring mainly include tectonic episodes (or tectonic pumping), valve effect of fault (or seismic pumping) and overpressure buildup effect. Unlike progressive reservoiring, the timing of episodic reservoiring is not completely controlled by hydrocarbon generation window, but mainly controlled by regional tectonic movement, faulting or evolution of abnormal pressure. Therefore, episodic reservoiring history is usually controlled by tectonic evolution history, faulting history and abnormal pressure development history of a basin.
引文
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[11]SIBSON R H,MCMOORE,RANKIN A H.Seismic pumping-a hydrothermal fluid transport mechanism[J].J Geol Sci Lond,1975,131(6):653-659.
[12]GALLOWAY WE,HENRY C D,SMITH G E.Dep-ositional framework,hydrostratigraphy,and uranium mineralization of the oakville sandstone(Miocene)texas coastal plain[J].The University of Texas at austin,Bureau of economic geology,Report of investigations113,1982:51.
[13]GALLOWAY W E.Epigenic zonation and fluid flow history of uranium-bearing fluvial aquifer systems,south texas uranium province[J].The University of Texas at Austin,Bureau of Economic Geology,Report of Investigations119,1982:31.
[14]BODNER D P,SHARPJR,J M.Thermal variations in the South Texas subsurface[J].AAPG Bulletin,1988,72(1):21-32.
[15]BETHKE C M.Anumerical model of compaction-driv-en groundwater flow and heat transfer and its applica-tion to the paleohydrology of intracratonic sedi mentary basins[J].J Geophys Res,1985,90(B8):6817-6828.
[16]POWLEY D E.Pressures and hydrogeology in petrole-um basins[J].Earth-Science Reviews,1990,29:215-226.
[17]TIGERT V,AL-SHAIEB Z.Pressure seals-their dia-genetic banding-patterns[J].Earth-Science Reviews,1990,29:227-240.
[2]HOOPER E D.Fluid migration along growth faults in compacting sedi ments[J].J Petrol Geol,1991,4(2):161-180.
[3]郝石生等.天然气藏的形成和保存[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.
[4]黄志龙,柳广弟,郝石生.脉冲式混相涌流———天然气成藏的一种特殊运移方式[J].天然气工业,1998,18(2):7-9.
[5]龚再升,陈红汉,孙永传.莺歌海盆地流体压力自振荡与天然气幕式成藏的耦合特征[J].中国科学(D辑),1999,29(1):68-74.
[6]邱楠生,金之钧.油气成藏的脉动式探讨[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):561-567.
[7]华保钦.构造应力场地震泵和油气运移[J].沉积学报,1995,13(2):77-85.
[8]张树林,田世澄,陈建渝.断裂构造与成藏动力系统[J].石油与天然气地质,1997,18(4):261-266.
[9]曾联波,等.构造应力与油气运移聚集的关系[G]//油气成藏机理及油气资源评价国际研讨会论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[10]赵靖舟.前陆盆地天然气成藏理论及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.
[11]SIBSON R H,MCMOORE,RANKIN A H.Seismic pumping-a hydrothermal fluid transport mechanism[J].J Geol Sci Lond,1975,131(6):653-659.
[12]GALLOWAY WE,HENRY C D,SMITH G E.Dep-ositional framework,hydrostratigraphy,and uranium mineralization of the oakville sandstone(Miocene)texas coastal plain[J].The University of Texas at austin,Bureau of economic geology,Report of investigations113,1982:51.
[13]GALLOWAY W E.Epigenic zonation and fluid flow history of uranium-bearing fluvial aquifer systems,south texas uranium province[J].The University of Texas at Austin,Bureau of Economic Geology,Report of Investigations119,1982:31.
[14]BODNER D P,SHARPJR,J M.Thermal variations in the South Texas subsurface[J].AAPG Bulletin,1988,72(1):21-32.
[15]BETHKE C M.Anumerical model of compaction-driv-en groundwater flow and heat transfer and its applica-tion to the paleohydrology of intracratonic sedi mentary basins[J].J Geophys Res,1985,90(B8):6817-6828.
[16]POWLEY D E.Pressures and hydrogeology in petrole-um basins[J].Earth-Science Reviews,1990,29:215-226.
[17]TIGERT V,AL-SHAIEB Z.Pressure seals-their dia-genetic banding-patterns[J].Earth-Science Reviews,1990,29:227-240.
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