天山北麓晚新生代独山子—安集海褶皱冲断带构造分析及其对河流改道的影响
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摘要
新生代以来,受印度板块与欧亚大陆的碰撞和持续汇聚作用的影响,天山强烈变形隆升,并在南北两侧形成了一系列冲断推覆构造.天山北缘由南向北发育了3排褶皱-冲断带,第三排独山子—安集海构造形成于第四纪以来.根据野外地表考察结果并利用二维反射地震剖面资料,定量分析了独山子背斜和安集海背斜的构造几何学和运动学特征,确定了他们的变形时间和变形量.独山子背斜和安集海背斜的最小缩短量分别为4 340 m和1 240 m,缩短率分别为15.74%和7.2%,由于构造隆升幅度的差异,造成了发育于北天山山前的一系列河流发生横向迁移,奎屯河和安集海河偏流向东发生河流改道.
Since the Cenozoic,the Tianshan deformed and uplifted intensively as a result of the Indian Plate collided with Eurasian continent.There come into being a series of thrust belts in both southern and northern sides of Tianshan consequently.There have developed three fold-thrust belts from the north side of Tianshan in which the third row of Dushanzi-Anjihai anticline formed during Quaternary.Based on field geological exploration together with the 2D seismic reflection profiles,we analyzed quantificationally the geometry and kinematics of Dushanzi and Anjihai anticline,confirmed the timing and the quantity of deformation.The tectonic shortening amount of Dushanzi anticline was 4340m and its shortening rate was 15.74%,while the tectonic shortening amount of Anjihai anticline was 1240m and the tectonic shortening rate was 7.2%.Due to the difference of uplifting extent,a series of rivers in north Tianshan changed their channels eastward.Both Kuntun River and Anjihai River changed the channels and flowed to the east.
Since the Cenozoic,the Tianshan deformed and uplifted intensively as a result of the Indian Plate collided with Eurasian continent.There come into being a series of thrust belts in both southern and northern sides of Tianshan consequently.There have developed three fold-thrust belts from the north side of Tianshan in which the third row of Dushanzi-Anjihai anticline formed during Quaternary.Based on field geological exploration together with the 2D seismic reflection profiles,we analyzed quantificationally the geometry and kinematics of Dushanzi and Anjihai anticline,confirmed the timing and the quantity of deformation.The tectonic shortening amount of Dushanzi anticline was 4340m and its shortening rate was 15.74%,while the tectonic shortening amount of Anjihai anticline was 1240m and the tectonic shortening rate was 7.2%.Due to the difference of uplifting extent,a series of rivers in north Tianshan changed their channels eastward.Both Kuntun River and Anjihai River changed the channels and flowed to the east.
引文
[1]邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等.天山活动构造[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
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[5]邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等.乌鲁木齐山前坳陷逆断裂褶皱带及其形成机制[J].地学前缘,1999,6(3):191-201.
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[9]史兴民,杨景春,李有利,等.玛纳斯河流域地貌与地下水的关系[J].地理与地理信息科学,2004,20(3):56-60.
[10]Suppe J.Geometry and kinematics of fault bend folding[J].AmericanJournal of Science,1983,283:684-721.
[11]Suppe J,Medwedeff D A.Geometry and kinematics offault-propagation folding[J].Eclog.Geol.Helv,1990,83:409-454.
[12]袁庆东,郭召杰,张志诚,等.天山北麓塔西河河流阶地的变形特征及成因探讨[J].新疆地质,2004,22(1):83-86.
[13]Mitra S,Namson J.Equal-area balancing[J].American Journal ofScience,1989,289:563-599.
[14]陈伟,卢华复,施央申.平衡剖面计算机模拟及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[15]李忠权,陈更生,张寿庭,等.准噶尔盆地南缘吐谷鲁、安集海构造剖面平衡地质检验[J].成都理工学院学报,2000,27(4):350-351.
[16]Sun J M,Zhu R X,Bowler J.Timing of the Tianshan Mountains upliftconstrained by magnetostratigraphic analysis of molasse deposits[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004,219:239-253.
[17]Suppe J,Chou G T,Hook S C.Rate of folding and faulting determinedfrom growth strata in McClay K R,eds[M].Thrust tectonics.London:Chapman and Hall,1992.
[2]张培震,邓起东,徐锡伟,等.北天山玛纳斯褶皱和逆断裂的变形特征与地壳缩短[A].编活动断裂研究(3)[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.
[3]张培震,邓起东,杨晓平,等.天山晚新生代构造变形及其地球动力学问题[J].中国地震,1996,12(2):127-140.
[4]杨晓平,邓起东,张培震,等.北天山地区活动逆断裂-褶皱带构造与潜在震源区估计[J].地震地质,1998,20(3):193-199.
[5]邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等.乌鲁木齐山前坳陷逆断裂褶皱带及其形成机制[J].地学前缘,1999,6(3):191-201.
[6]李志中.天山北麓新构造的形成和演化[J].新疆大学学报(自然科学版本),1994,11(3):104-110.
[7]彭希龄.新疆新构造运动的表现和特点[J].成都理工学院学报,1998,25(2):173-174
[8]邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等.天山活动构造[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
[9]史兴民,杨景春,李有利,等.玛纳斯河流域地貌与地下水的关系[J].地理与地理信息科学,2004,20(3):56-60.
[10]Suppe J.Geometry and kinematics of fault bend folding[J].AmericanJournal of Science,1983,283:684-721.
[11]Suppe J,Medwedeff D A.Geometry and kinematics offault-propagation folding[J].Eclog.Geol.Helv,1990,83:409-454.
[12]袁庆东,郭召杰,张志诚,等.天山北麓塔西河河流阶地的变形特征及成因探讨[J].新疆地质,2004,22(1):83-86.
[13]Mitra S,Namson J.Equal-area balancing[J].American Journal ofScience,1989,289:563-599.
[14]陈伟,卢华复,施央申.平衡剖面计算机模拟及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[15]李忠权,陈更生,张寿庭,等.准噶尔盆地南缘吐谷鲁、安集海构造剖面平衡地质检验[J].成都理工学院学报,2000,27(4):350-351.
[16]Sun J M,Zhu R X,Bowler J.Timing of the Tianshan Mountains upliftconstrained by magnetostratigraphic analysis of molasse deposits[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004,219:239-253.
[17]Suppe J,Chou G T,Hook S C.Rate of folding and faulting determinedfrom growth strata in McClay K R,eds[M].Thrust tectonics.London:Chapman and Hall,1992.
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