四川盆地北部下三叠统飞仙关组层序地层分析
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摘要
为了探讨礁滩储集岩的分布规律,以层序地层学理论与方法系统研究了四川盆地北部下三叠统飞仙关组地层。通过露头、岩芯、测井、地震数据综合分析,识别出两个三级层序及四个准层序组,确定蒸发台地、局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘滩、斜坡和盆地相六类沉积类型。层序划分及层序界面的确定,依据陆上暴露和向上变浅两个方面的识别标志。暴露界面表现为泥岩表面干裂,淡水选择性溶蚀、白云化现象,白云岩、石膏,伽玛曲线高值。向上变浅层序有向上变厚、变粗序列,向上变细、变泥、变红序列,向上γ值变低序列。对比发现高水位体系域后期发育台地边缘鲕滩和台地内鲕滩。广泛白云岩化作用的台地边缘鲕滩相,具有很好的孔渗性,成为最有利的储集层。对指导进一步的勘探与开发具有重要意义。
The Sichuan Basin is China's largest natural gas producing area.In recent years,gas exploration achieved major breakthroughs in the eastern part of the basin.A number of oil and gas reservoirs,large and medium-sized gas fields,and natural gas prospects have been discovered in Permian and Triassic successions.Oil and gas reservoirs are mainly carbonate rocks of reef and beach facies.To explore reservoir rocks distribution,we applied sequence stratigraphy in the study of the Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the northern Sichuan Basin.On the basis of outcrop,core,logging,and seismic data,we have identified two sequences and four parasequence sets in the Feixianguan Formation.We recognized six sedimentary facies:evaporative platform facies,restricted platform facies,open platform facies,platform margin beach facies,slopes facies,and basin facies.Sequence division and identification were based on exposure surfaces and upward shallowing trends.Subaerial exposure surfaces are characterized by mudcracks,freshwater dissolution structures,dolomitization,dolomite and gypsum,and high gamma ray values.Shallow upward sequences can be upward-coarsening,upward-thickening,upward-fining,upward-shalining,upward-reddening,and upward-gamma-value-lowering.Stratigraphic correlation shows that in highstand systems tracts are characterized by late platform margin oolitic facies and intra-platform oolitic facies.Extensive dolomitization of platform margin oolitic facies led to greater porosity and permeability,hence the formation of favorable reservoirs.This research has implications for further exploration of the Sichuan Basin.
The Sichuan Basin is China's largest natural gas producing area.In recent years,gas exploration achieved major breakthroughs in the eastern part of the basin.A number of oil and gas reservoirs,large and medium-sized gas fields,and natural gas prospects have been discovered in Permian and Triassic successions.Oil and gas reservoirs are mainly carbonate rocks of reef and beach facies.To explore reservoir rocks distribution,we applied sequence stratigraphy in the study of the Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the northern Sichuan Basin.On the basis of outcrop,core,logging,and seismic data,we have identified two sequences and four parasequence sets in the Feixianguan Formation.We recognized six sedimentary facies:evaporative platform facies,restricted platform facies,open platform facies,platform margin beach facies,slopes facies,and basin facies.Sequence division and identification were based on exposure surfaces and upward shallowing trends.Subaerial exposure surfaces are characterized by mudcracks,freshwater dissolution structures,dolomitization,dolomite and gypsum,and high gamma ray values.Shallow upward sequences can be upward-coarsening,upward-thickening,upward-fining,upward-shalining,upward-reddening,and upward-gamma-value-lowering.Stratigraphic correlation shows that in highstand systems tracts are characterized by late platform margin oolitic facies and intra-platform oolitic facies.Extensive dolomitization of platform margin oolitic facies led to greater porosity and permeability,hence the formation of favorable reservoirs.This research has implications for further exploration of the Sichuan Basin.
引文
马永生,牟传龙,郭彤楼,谭钦银,余谦.2005.四川盆地东北部长兴组层序地层与储层分布.地学前缘,12(3):181—187
牟传龙,马永生,余谦,郭旭升,谭钦银,李国雄.2005.四川通江诺水河二叠纪-三叠纪界线地层牙形石的发现.地层学杂志,29(4):372—375
四川省地质矿产局.1982.四川省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.176—190
童金南,殷鸿福.2005.国际三叠纪年代地层研究进展.地层学杂志,29(2)::130—137
王兴志,张帆,马青,杨满平,王一刚,文应初,杨雨,张静.2002.四川盆地东部晚二叠世—早三叠世飞仙关期礁、滩特征与海平面变化.沉积学报,20(2):73—78
王一刚,刘划一,文应初,杨雨,张静.2002.川东飞仙关组鲕滩储层分布规律、勘探方法与远景预测.天然气工业,22(增刊):32—37
魏国齐,陈更生,杨威,杨雨,胡明毅,张林,吴世祥,金惠,沈珏红.2004.川北下三叠统飞仙关组“槽台”沉积体系及演化.沉积学报,22(2):74—80
魏国齐,杨威,张林,金惠,吴世祥,沈珏红.2005.川东北飞仙关组鲕滩储层白云石化成因模式.天然气地球科学,16(2):40—44
谢增业,田世澄,单秀琴,杨威,李剑.2005.川东北飞仙关组鲕滩天然气富集成藏特征及勘探前景.石油勘探与开发,32(2):37—40
许效松,刘宝-等.1997.上扬子西缘二叠纪—三叠纪层序地层与盆山转换耦合.北京:地质出版社.4—56
C.K.威尔格斯等编.徐怀大,魏魁生,洪卫东等译.1993.层序地层学原理.北京:石油工业出版社.49—308
Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Sichuan Province.1982.Regional geology of Sichuan Province.Beijing:Geolog-ical Publishing House.176—190
Ma Yong-sheng,Mu Chuan-long,Guo Tong-lou,Tan Qin-yin&YuQian.2005.Sequence stratigraphy and reservoir distribution ofthe Changxing Formationin northeastern Sichuan Basin.EarthScience Frontiers,12(3):181—187
Mu Chuan-long,Ma Yong-sheng,Yu Qian,Guo Xu-sheng,TanQian-yin&Li Guo-xiong.2005.Discovery of conodonts fromthe Permian-Triassic boundary beds in Nuoshuihe section ofTongjiang,Sichuan.Journal of Stratigraphy,29(4):372—375
Tong Jin-nan&Yin Hong-fu.2005.Recent advance in the Triassicchronostratigraphic study.Journal of Stratigraphy,29(2):130—137
Wang Xing-zhi,Zhang Fan,Ma Qing,Yang Man-ping,Wang Yi-gang,Wen Ying-chu,Yang Yu&Zhang Jing.2002.The char-acteristics of reef and bank and the fluctuation of sea-level inFeixianguan period of Late Permian-Early Triassic,East SichuanBasin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,20(2):73—78
Wang Yi-gang,Liu Hua-yi,Wen Ying-chu,Yang Yu&ZhangJing.2002.Distribution law,exploration method and prospec-tiveness prediction of the olitic beach reservoirs in FeixianguanFormationin Northeast Sichuan Basin.Natural Gas Industry,22(Supp.):32—37
Wei Guo-qi,Chen Geng-sheng,Yang Wei,Yang Yu,Hu Ming-yi,Zhang Lin,Wu Shi-xiang,Jin Hui&Shen Jue-hong.2004.Sedimentary systemof platformal trough of Feixianguan Forma-tion of Lower Triassic in Northern Sichuan Basin andits evolu-tion.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,22(2):74—80
Wei Guo-qi,Yang Wei,Zhang Lin,Jin Hui,Wu Shi-xiang&ShenJue-hong.2005.Dolomization genetic model of FeixianguanGroup oolitic beach reservoir in Northeast Sichuan Basin.Nat-ural Gas Geoscience,16(2):40—44
Wilgus C Ket al.compile.Xu Huai-da,Wei Kui-sheng,Hong Wei-dong,et al.interpret.1993.Sea-level changes:anintegrated ap-proach.Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press.49—308
Xie Zeng-ye,Tian Shi-cheng,Shan Xiu-qin,Yang Wei&Li Jian.2005.Features of gas accumulation and exploration foregroundin oolitic reservoir of Feixianguan Formation in Sichuan Basin.PetroleumExploration and Development,32(2):37—40
Xu Xiao-song,Liu Bao-jun,Zhao Yu-guanget al.1997.Sequencestratigraphy and basin mountain transformation in the westernmargin of Upper Yangtze Landmass during the Permian to Tri-assic.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.4—56
牟传龙,马永生,余谦,郭旭升,谭钦银,李国雄.2005.四川通江诺水河二叠纪-三叠纪界线地层牙形石的发现.地层学杂志,29(4):372—375
四川省地质矿产局.1982.四川省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.176—190
童金南,殷鸿福.2005.国际三叠纪年代地层研究进展.地层学杂志,29(2)::130—137
王兴志,张帆,马青,杨满平,王一刚,文应初,杨雨,张静.2002.四川盆地东部晚二叠世—早三叠世飞仙关期礁、滩特征与海平面变化.沉积学报,20(2):73—78
王一刚,刘划一,文应初,杨雨,张静.2002.川东飞仙关组鲕滩储层分布规律、勘探方法与远景预测.天然气工业,22(增刊):32—37
魏国齐,陈更生,杨威,杨雨,胡明毅,张林,吴世祥,金惠,沈珏红.2004.川北下三叠统飞仙关组“槽台”沉积体系及演化.沉积学报,22(2):74—80
魏国齐,杨威,张林,金惠,吴世祥,沈珏红.2005.川东北飞仙关组鲕滩储层白云石化成因模式.天然气地球科学,16(2):40—44
谢增业,田世澄,单秀琴,杨威,李剑.2005.川东北飞仙关组鲕滩天然气富集成藏特征及勘探前景.石油勘探与开发,32(2):37—40
许效松,刘宝-等.1997.上扬子西缘二叠纪—三叠纪层序地层与盆山转换耦合.北京:地质出版社.4—56
C.K.威尔格斯等编.徐怀大,魏魁生,洪卫东等译.1993.层序地层学原理.北京:石油工业出版社.49—308
Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Sichuan Province.1982.Regional geology of Sichuan Province.Beijing:Geolog-ical Publishing House.176—190
Ma Yong-sheng,Mu Chuan-long,Guo Tong-lou,Tan Qin-yin&YuQian.2005.Sequence stratigraphy and reservoir distribution ofthe Changxing Formationin northeastern Sichuan Basin.EarthScience Frontiers,12(3):181—187
Mu Chuan-long,Ma Yong-sheng,Yu Qian,Guo Xu-sheng,TanQian-yin&Li Guo-xiong.2005.Discovery of conodonts fromthe Permian-Triassic boundary beds in Nuoshuihe section ofTongjiang,Sichuan.Journal of Stratigraphy,29(4):372—375
Tong Jin-nan&Yin Hong-fu.2005.Recent advance in the Triassicchronostratigraphic study.Journal of Stratigraphy,29(2):130—137
Wang Xing-zhi,Zhang Fan,Ma Qing,Yang Man-ping,Wang Yi-gang,Wen Ying-chu,Yang Yu&Zhang Jing.2002.The char-acteristics of reef and bank and the fluctuation of sea-level inFeixianguan period of Late Permian-Early Triassic,East SichuanBasin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,20(2):73—78
Wang Yi-gang,Liu Hua-yi,Wen Ying-chu,Yang Yu&ZhangJing.2002.Distribution law,exploration method and prospec-tiveness prediction of the olitic beach reservoirs in FeixianguanFormationin Northeast Sichuan Basin.Natural Gas Industry,22(Supp.):32—37
Wei Guo-qi,Chen Geng-sheng,Yang Wei,Yang Yu,Hu Ming-yi,Zhang Lin,Wu Shi-xiang,Jin Hui&Shen Jue-hong.2004.Sedimentary systemof platformal trough of Feixianguan Forma-tion of Lower Triassic in Northern Sichuan Basin andits evolu-tion.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,22(2):74—80
Wei Guo-qi,Yang Wei,Zhang Lin,Jin Hui,Wu Shi-xiang&ShenJue-hong.2005.Dolomization genetic model of FeixianguanGroup oolitic beach reservoir in Northeast Sichuan Basin.Nat-ural Gas Geoscience,16(2):40—44
Wilgus C Ket al.compile.Xu Huai-da,Wei Kui-sheng,Hong Wei-dong,et al.interpret.1993.Sea-level changes:anintegrated ap-proach.Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press.49—308
Xie Zeng-ye,Tian Shi-cheng,Shan Xiu-qin,Yang Wei&Li Jian.2005.Features of gas accumulation and exploration foregroundin oolitic reservoir of Feixianguan Formation in Sichuan Basin.PetroleumExploration and Development,32(2):37—40
Xu Xiao-song,Liu Bao-jun,Zhao Yu-guanget al.1997.Sequencestratigraphy and basin mountain transformation in the westernmargin of Upper Yangtze Landmass during the Permian to Tri-assic.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.4—56
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