松辽盆地中部后裂谷早期正断层系形成机制
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摘要
在松辽盆地后裂谷早期的沉积地层里广泛发育着一个长度相对短、走向变化相对大的正断层系.大庆太平屯区块高精度三维地震勘探结果的构造研究表明,该层伸展率可达0.0594±0.0209,由此向上或向下发生明显的减少.这与裂谷盆地地层的伸展率自下而上一般呈单调递减是不一致的,意味着单纯的区域拉伸不能够解释这种反常现象.笔者认为在成岩过程中沉积物可能发生的体积收缩应该是导致这种伸展率异常的主要原因.文中分析了造成体积收缩的3种可能机制:生烃、伊利石化脱水和压实收缩,其中最主要的是压实收缩机制.此外,构造应力场也明显地影响着该断层系的形成,造成断层走向分布具有一定的方向性.
In the Songliao basin,a network of normal faults,characterized by relative variability in strike and short length,was widely produced in sediments accumulated during the early post rifting.Based upon 3-D high-resolution seismic data from the Taipingtun block in the Daqing oilfield,a systematic study of faults in the block was made in this paper.Calculated extensional strain is 0.0594±0.0209 in these rocks,and turns markedly smaller in the above or the below layers.This is inconsistent with the generally monotonous increase of extensional strain in rift basin with buried depth,implying that the simple regional extension could not account for this abnormal phenomenon,in turn.Volumetric contraction in the process of compaction,in our opinion,is the main reason for this phenomenon.Three main possible mechanisms for such layer-parallel shortening are hydrocarbon generation,transformation from smectite to illite,and lateral compaction,among which the last is considered the most important mechanism in this case.In addition,the preferred orientation of these normal faults indicates the influence of tectonic stress,although relatively slight,on their propagation.
In the Songliao basin,a network of normal faults,characterized by relative variability in strike and short length,was widely produced in sediments accumulated during the early post rifting.Based upon 3-D high-resolution seismic data from the Taipingtun block in the Daqing oilfield,a systematic study of faults in the block was made in this paper.Calculated extensional strain is 0.0594±0.0209 in these rocks,and turns markedly smaller in the above or the below layers.This is inconsistent with the generally monotonous increase of extensional strain in rift basin with buried depth,implying that the simple regional extension could not account for this abnormal phenomenon,in turn.Volumetric contraction in the process of compaction,in our opinion,is the main reason for this phenomenon.Three main possible mechanisms for such layer-parallel shortening are hydrocarbon generation,transformation from smectite to illite,and lateral compaction,among which the last is considered the most important mechanism in this case.In addition,the preferred orientation of these normal faults indicates the influence of tectonic stress,although relatively slight,on their propagation.
引文
Bruce,C.H.,1984.Smectite dehydration-its relation tostructural development and hydrocarbon accumulationin northern Gulf of Mexico Basin.AAPG Bulletin,68:673-683.
Cartwright,J.A.,1994a.Episodic basin-wide fluid expulsionfromgeopressured shale sequences in the North Sea ba-sin.Geology,22(5):447-450.
Cartwright,J.A.,1994b.Episodic basin-wide hydrofractur-ing of overpressured Early Cenozoic mudrock sequencesin the North Sea basin.Marine and Petroleum Geolo-gy,11(5):587-607.
Cartwright,J.A.,Dewhurst,D.N.,1998.Layer-bound com-paction faults in fine-grained sediments.Geol.Soc.Am.Bull.,110(10):1242-1257.
Cartwright,J.A.,Lonergan,L.,1996.Volumetric contrac-tion during the compaction of mudrocks:A mechanismfor the development of regional-scale polygonal faultsystems.Basin Research,8(2):183-193.
Cartwright,J.A.,Lonergan,L.,1997.Seismic expression oflayer-bound fault systems of the Eromanga and NorthSea basins.Expl.Geophys.,28(3):323-331.
Chi,Y.L.,Xiao,D.M.,Yin,J.Y.,2000.The injection pat-tern of oil and gas migration and accumulation in theSanzhao area of Songliao basin.Acta Geologica Sinica,74(4):371-377(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dewhurst,D.N.,Cartwright,J.A.,Lonergan,L.,1999.Thedevelopment of polygonal fault systems by syneresis ofcolloidal sediments.Marine and Petroleum Geology,16(8):793-810.
Engebretson,D.C.,Cox,A.,Gordon,R.G.,1985.Relativemotions between oceanic and continential plates in thePacific basin.The Geological Society of America Spe-cial Paper,206:1-59.
Gong,F.X.,Shan,Y.H.,Lin,G.,et al.,2006.Fault strikeandits significance of plate dynamics in central placanti-cline,Songliao basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,27(6):687-690(in Chinese with English abstract).
Higgs,W.C.,McClay,K.R.,1996.Analogue sandbox mod-eling of Miocene extensional faultinginthe outer MorayFirth.In:Tectonics and seismic sequence stratigraphy.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,71:141-162.
Hu,W.S.,1995.“T2”faults system and early Qingshankoustretched rifting in Songliao basin.Petroleum Explora-tion and Development,22(2):8-12(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Hu,W.S.,Lü,B.Q.,Zhang,W.J.,et al.,2005.An ap-proach to tectonic evolution and dynamics of theSongliao basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,40(1):16-31(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,J.,Shu,L.S.,2002.Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic featuresand evolution of the Songliao basin,NE China.Journalof Nanjing University(Natural Sciences),38(4):525-531(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,D.L.,Chen,F.J.,Wen,X.Q.,1996.Analysis on theorigin of T2post-rift formations in Songliao basin.Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,20(1):23-27(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu,X.C.,Liu,Q.,Zhang,L.Y.,2004.Evaluation of contri-bution of illitization of smectite to the geopressure inoil-bearing basin.Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrologyand Geochemisty,23(4):285-291(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Mark,J.O.,Richard,E.S.,1997.Mechanisms for generatingoverpressure in sedimentary basins:A reevaluation.AAPG Bulletin,81(6):1023-1041.
Maruyama,S.,Isozaki,Y.,Kimura,G.,et al.,1997.Paleo-geographic maps of the Japanese islands:Plate tectonicsysthesis from750Ma to the present.Island Arc,6:121-142.
Mei,L.F.,Fei,Q.,Xu,S.H.,1996.The natural hydrofrac-ture systems of T2faults in Songliao basin.Earth Sci-ence—Journal of China University of Geosciences,21(6):632(in Chinese).
Ren,J.,Tamaki,K.,Li,S.,et al.,2002.Late Mesozoic andCenozoic rifting and its dynamic setting in Eastern Chi-na and adjacent areas.Tectonophysics,344(3-4):175-205.
Ren,Z.L.,Xiao,D.M.,Chi,Y.L.,2001.Restoration of thepalaeogeotherm in Songliao basin.Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,20(1):13-14(inChinese with English abstract).
Van Der Voo,R.,Spakman,W.,Bij waard,H.,1999.Meso-zoic subducted slabs under Siberia.Nature,397(21):246-249.
Watterson,J.,2000.Geometry and origin of a polygonal faultsystem.Journal of the Geological Society,157(1):l51-162.
Wojtal,S.F.,1994.Fault scaling laws and the temporal evo-lution of fault systems.Journal of Structural Geology,16(4):603-612.
Yan,D.P.,Tian,C.L.,Meng,L.B.,et al.,2003.Balancedgeological section for extensional tectonic basin and itsimplication:An example fromsouthern Songliao basin.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geo-sciences,28(3):275-280(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Yang,Q.,Qi,J.F.,2003.Method of delaminated decompac-tion correction.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,25(2):206-210(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yielding,G.,Needham,T.,Jones,H.,1996.Sampling offault populations using sub-surface data:A review.Journal of Structural Geology,18(2/3):135-146.
迟元林,萧德铭,殷进垠,2000.松辽盆地三肇地区上生下储“注入式”成藏机制.地质学报,74(4):371-377.
龚发雄,单业华,林舸,等,2006.松辽盆地长垣中部断层走向及板块动力学意义.新疆石油地质,27(6):687-690.
胡望水,1995.松辽盆地“T2”断层系及青山口早期伸展裂陷.石油勘探与开发,22(2):8-12.
胡望水,吕炳全,张文军,等,2005.松辽盆地构造演化及成盆动力学探讨.地质科学,40(1):16-31.
李娟,舒良树,2002.松辽盆地中、新生代构造特征及其演化南京大学学报(自然科学),38(4):525-531.
刘德来,陈发景,温详泉,1996.松辽盆地坳陷期T2断层成因机制分析.大庆石油学院学报,20(1):23-27.
陆现彩,刘庆,张林晔,2004.蒙脱石伊利石化对含油气盆地地层压力影响的定量研究.矿物岩石地球化学通报,23(4):285-291.
梅廉夫,费琪,徐思煌,1996.松辽盆地“T2”天然水力断裂系统.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,21(6):632.
任战利,萧德铭,迟元林,2001.松辽盆地古地温恢复.大庆石油地质与开发,20(1):13-14.
颜丹平,田崇鲁,孟令波,等,2003.伸展构造盆地的平衡剖面及其构造意义.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,28(3):275-280.
杨桥,漆家福,2003.碎屑岩层的分层去压实校正方法.石油实验地质,25(2):206-210.
Cartwright,J.A.,1994a.Episodic basin-wide fluid expulsionfromgeopressured shale sequences in the North Sea ba-sin.Geology,22(5):447-450.
Cartwright,J.A.,1994b.Episodic basin-wide hydrofractur-ing of overpressured Early Cenozoic mudrock sequencesin the North Sea basin.Marine and Petroleum Geolo-gy,11(5):587-607.
Cartwright,J.A.,Dewhurst,D.N.,1998.Layer-bound com-paction faults in fine-grained sediments.Geol.Soc.Am.Bull.,110(10):1242-1257.
Cartwright,J.A.,Lonergan,L.,1996.Volumetric contrac-tion during the compaction of mudrocks:A mechanismfor the development of regional-scale polygonal faultsystems.Basin Research,8(2):183-193.
Cartwright,J.A.,Lonergan,L.,1997.Seismic expression oflayer-bound fault systems of the Eromanga and NorthSea basins.Expl.Geophys.,28(3):323-331.
Chi,Y.L.,Xiao,D.M.,Yin,J.Y.,2000.The injection pat-tern of oil and gas migration and accumulation in theSanzhao area of Songliao basin.Acta Geologica Sinica,74(4):371-377(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dewhurst,D.N.,Cartwright,J.A.,Lonergan,L.,1999.Thedevelopment of polygonal fault systems by syneresis ofcolloidal sediments.Marine and Petroleum Geology,16(8):793-810.
Engebretson,D.C.,Cox,A.,Gordon,R.G.,1985.Relativemotions between oceanic and continential plates in thePacific basin.The Geological Society of America Spe-cial Paper,206:1-59.
Gong,F.X.,Shan,Y.H.,Lin,G.,et al.,2006.Fault strikeandits significance of plate dynamics in central placanti-cline,Songliao basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,27(6):687-690(in Chinese with English abstract).
Higgs,W.C.,McClay,K.R.,1996.Analogue sandbox mod-eling of Miocene extensional faultinginthe outer MorayFirth.In:Tectonics and seismic sequence stratigraphy.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,71:141-162.
Hu,W.S.,1995.“T2”faults system and early Qingshankoustretched rifting in Songliao basin.Petroleum Explora-tion and Development,22(2):8-12(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Hu,W.S.,Lü,B.Q.,Zhang,W.J.,et al.,2005.An ap-proach to tectonic evolution and dynamics of theSongliao basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,40(1):16-31(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,J.,Shu,L.S.,2002.Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic featuresand evolution of the Songliao basin,NE China.Journalof Nanjing University(Natural Sciences),38(4):525-531(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,D.L.,Chen,F.J.,Wen,X.Q.,1996.Analysis on theorigin of T2post-rift formations in Songliao basin.Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,20(1):23-27(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu,X.C.,Liu,Q.,Zhang,L.Y.,2004.Evaluation of contri-bution of illitization of smectite to the geopressure inoil-bearing basin.Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrologyand Geochemisty,23(4):285-291(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Mark,J.O.,Richard,E.S.,1997.Mechanisms for generatingoverpressure in sedimentary basins:A reevaluation.AAPG Bulletin,81(6):1023-1041.
Maruyama,S.,Isozaki,Y.,Kimura,G.,et al.,1997.Paleo-geographic maps of the Japanese islands:Plate tectonicsysthesis from750Ma to the present.Island Arc,6:121-142.
Mei,L.F.,Fei,Q.,Xu,S.H.,1996.The natural hydrofrac-ture systems of T2faults in Songliao basin.Earth Sci-ence—Journal of China University of Geosciences,21(6):632(in Chinese).
Ren,J.,Tamaki,K.,Li,S.,et al.,2002.Late Mesozoic andCenozoic rifting and its dynamic setting in Eastern Chi-na and adjacent areas.Tectonophysics,344(3-4):175-205.
Ren,Z.L.,Xiao,D.M.,Chi,Y.L.,2001.Restoration of thepalaeogeotherm in Songliao basin.Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,20(1):13-14(inChinese with English abstract).
Van Der Voo,R.,Spakman,W.,Bij waard,H.,1999.Meso-zoic subducted slabs under Siberia.Nature,397(21):246-249.
Watterson,J.,2000.Geometry and origin of a polygonal faultsystem.Journal of the Geological Society,157(1):l51-162.
Wojtal,S.F.,1994.Fault scaling laws and the temporal evo-lution of fault systems.Journal of Structural Geology,16(4):603-612.
Yan,D.P.,Tian,C.L.,Meng,L.B.,et al.,2003.Balancedgeological section for extensional tectonic basin and itsimplication:An example fromsouthern Songliao basin.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geo-sciences,28(3):275-280(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Yang,Q.,Qi,J.F.,2003.Method of delaminated decompac-tion correction.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,25(2):206-210(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yielding,G.,Needham,T.,Jones,H.,1996.Sampling offault populations using sub-surface data:A review.Journal of Structural Geology,18(2/3):135-146.
迟元林,萧德铭,殷进垠,2000.松辽盆地三肇地区上生下储“注入式”成藏机制.地质学报,74(4):371-377.
龚发雄,单业华,林舸,等,2006.松辽盆地长垣中部断层走向及板块动力学意义.新疆石油地质,27(6):687-690.
胡望水,1995.松辽盆地“T2”断层系及青山口早期伸展裂陷.石油勘探与开发,22(2):8-12.
胡望水,吕炳全,张文军,等,2005.松辽盆地构造演化及成盆动力学探讨.地质科学,40(1):16-31.
李娟,舒良树,2002.松辽盆地中、新生代构造特征及其演化南京大学学报(自然科学),38(4):525-531.
刘德来,陈发景,温详泉,1996.松辽盆地坳陷期T2断层成因机制分析.大庆石油学院学报,20(1):23-27.
陆现彩,刘庆,张林晔,2004.蒙脱石伊利石化对含油气盆地地层压力影响的定量研究.矿物岩石地球化学通报,23(4):285-291.
梅廉夫,费琪,徐思煌,1996.松辽盆地“T2”天然水力断裂系统.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,21(6):632.
任战利,萧德铭,迟元林,2001.松辽盆地古地温恢复.大庆石油地质与开发,20(1):13-14.
颜丹平,田崇鲁,孟令波,等,2003.伸展构造盆地的平衡剖面及其构造意义.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,28(3):275-280.
杨桥,漆家福,2003.碎屑岩层的分层去压实校正方法.石油实验地质,25(2):206-210.
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