莺歌海盆地新构造运动与超压体系喷溢油气成藏作用
|
摘要
莺歌海盆地是在岩石圈伸展减薄和红河断裂带南段的右旋扭动联合作用下形成的一个以伸展为主的转换—伸展盆地。受该应力场作用,盆地新构造运动活跃,主要表现包括中新统末、上新统与第四纪之间及层系内部的不整合,盆地的沉降,沉积中心的迁移,断裂活动,底辟带的发育与分布,泥火山和地震等。新构造运动不但控制了盆地的形成演化、沉降—沉积中心的迁移和底辟构造带发育以及它们的雁行排列特征,同时还控制了盆地油气的成藏和分布。莺歌海盆地是一个强超压盆地,新构造时期断裂的多期活动及其控制的多期底辟活动不但形成超压体系(包括油气)快速垂向运移的通道,同时决定了莺歌海超压盆地油气田的快速幕式充注成藏规律。成熟的烃类以溶解状态储存在超压体系中,当超压体系孔隙流体压力大于封闭盖层破坏压力时封闭盖层就产生水压破裂,超压体系便沿着活动断裂和底辟带等通道发生喷溢活动,油气向上或侧向往过渡带和常压带运移聚集成藏,随着压力的下降,断裂重新闭合形成新的封闭层。这一喷溢过程以幕式活动形式周而复始,在超压盆地的过渡带和常压带中形成大的油气藏。
The Yinggehai basin is a transform-extension basin that is dominated by the extension and formed by the combination function of the extension and thinning of lithosphere and the right-lateral movement of the Red River Fault in the basin.Under this tectonic stress,the neotectonic movement of the basin is active.The main manifestations of the neotectonics include the formation of unconformities at the end of the Miocene,the Pliocene and Quaternary within the sequences,the shift of sedimentation centers,the strong fault activities,echelon pattern of diapir structures,mud volcanoes and earthquakes.The neotectonic movement in the Yinggehai basin not only controlled the formation and evolution of the basin,the shifting of subsidence and sedimentation centers and the formation of diapir structure belts and their echelon arrangement,but also dominated the petroleum accumulation and distribution.The Yinggehai basin is a strong geopressured basin,the multiphasic fault activities and the multiphasic diapirism dominated by the fault activity in the neotectonic age formed the transport passage system for the geopressured system and petroleum,and induced the episodic expulsion and accumulation of oil and gas.The geopressured system containing the mature hydrocarbon emitted along active fault and diapir structure as the liquid pressure of geopressured system exceeded the rupture strength of the sealed layer of the geopressured system,the oil and gas generally accumulated in the transition zone of pressure and normal pressure zone with upward and lateral geopressured fluid release,and then the fault closed with the pressure of geopressured fluid descending.This expulsion process of geopressured system is episodic and generally forms big oil field or gas field in the transition zone of pressure and normal pressure zone in geopressured basin.
The Yinggehai basin is a transform-extension basin that is dominated by the extension and formed by the combination function of the extension and thinning of lithosphere and the right-lateral movement of the Red River Fault in the basin.Under this tectonic stress,the neotectonic movement of the basin is active.The main manifestations of the neotectonics include the formation of unconformities at the end of the Miocene,the Pliocene and Quaternary within the sequences,the shift of sedimentation centers,the strong fault activities,echelon pattern of diapir structures,mud volcanoes and earthquakes.The neotectonic movement in the Yinggehai basin not only controlled the formation and evolution of the basin,the shifting of subsidence and sedimentation centers and the formation of diapir structure belts and their echelon arrangement,but also dominated the petroleum accumulation and distribution.The Yinggehai basin is a strong geopressured basin,the multiphasic fault activities and the multiphasic diapirism dominated by the fault activity in the neotectonic age formed the transport passage system for the geopressured system and petroleum,and induced the episodic expulsion and accumulation of oil and gas.The geopressured system containing the mature hydrocarbon emitted along active fault and diapir structure as the liquid pressure of geopressured system exceeded the rupture strength of the sealed layer of the geopressured system,the oil and gas generally accumulated in the transition zone of pressure and normal pressure zone with upward and lateral geopressured fluid release,and then the fault closed with the pressure of geopressured fluid descending.This expulsion process of geopressured system is episodic and generally forms big oil field or gas field in the transition zone of pressure and normal pressure zone in geopressured basin.
引文
[1]李祥根.中国新构造运动概论[M].北京:地震出版社,2003.[LI Xiang-gen.Neotectonics in China[M].Beijing:Seismologi-cal Press,2003.]
[2]龚再升.中国近海含油气盆地新构造运动与油气成藏[M].地球科学,2004,29(5):513-517.[GONG Zai-sheng.Neotecton-ics and Petroleum Accumulation in Offshore Chinese Basins[M].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosci-ences,2004,29(5):513-517.]
[3]夏戡原,周蒂,苏达权,等.莺歌海盆地速度结构及其对油气勘探的意义[J].科学通报,1998,43(4):361-367.[XIA Kan-yuan,ZHOU Di,SU Da-quan,et al.The velocity structure ofthe Yinggehai Basin and its hydrocarbon implication[J].Chi-nese Science Bulletin,1998,43(4):361-367.]
[4]郝芳,董伟良.沉积盆地超压体系演化、流体流动和成藏机理[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(1):79-85.[HAO Fang,DONGWei-liang.Evolution of fluid flow and petroleum accumulationin overpressured system in sedimentary basins[J].Advance inEarth Science,2001,16(1):79-85.]
[5]殷秀兰,李思田,杨计海,等.莺歌海盆地超压流体活动与断裂系统的相互关系[J].地球学报,2002,23(2):141-146.[YINXiu-lan,LI Si-tian,YANG Ji-hai,et al.Correlations between o-verpressure fluid activity and fault system in Yinggehai basin[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2002,23(2):141-146.]
[6]徐辉龙.超压盆地的油气成藏模式—喷溢成藏模式[C]//2003年中国科学院海洋科学年会论文集.2003:53-54.[XU Hui-long.The expulsion model of petroleum accumulation in thegeopressured basins[C]//Marine Science Annually of ChineseAcademy Sciences.2003:53-54.]
[7]Hooper E C D.Fluids migration along growth faults in compac-ting sediments[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1991,14(2):161-180.
[8]XU Hui-long,Oki Yasue.The expulsion of geopressured hy-drothermal system associated with the destructive earthquakesand buried active faults in the Shinanogawa seismic belt,Japan[J].The Island Arc,2004,13(2):333-345.
[9]LI S,LIN C,ZHANG Q,et al.Episodic rifting of continentalmarginal basins and tectonic events since 10 Ma in the SouthChina Sea[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44(1):10-22.
[10]龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.[GONG Zai-sheng,LISi-tian,XIE Tai-jun,et al.Continental margin basin analysisand hydrocarbon accumulation of the Northern South ChinaSea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1997.]
[11]龚再升,李思田.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气成藏动力学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.[GONG Zai-sheng,LI Si-tian.Dynamic Research of Oil and Gas Accumulation in the North-ern Margin Basins of South China Sea[M].Beijing:SciencePress,2004.]
[12]邱中建,龚再升.中国油气勘探(第四卷):近海油气区[M].北京:地质出版社.石油工业出版社,1999.[QIU Zhong-jian,GONG Zai-sheng.Petroleum Exploration in China-Offshorepetroleum area[M].Beijing:Geologic Publishing House andPetroleum Industry Press,1999.]
[13]王槐基.莺歌海盆地地震异常体特征及其地震地质解释[J].中国海上油气(地质),1997,11(2):131-138.[WANG Huai-ji.Characteristics of the seismic anomaly bodies and theirseismic geological interpretation in the Yinggehai basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),1997,11(2):131-138.]
[14]朱俊江,詹文欢,丘学林,等.红河断裂带两侧地震震源机制及构造意义[J].大地构造与成矿,2004,28(3):239-247.[ZHUJun-jiang,ZHAN Wen-huan,QIU Xue-lin,et al.Earthquakefocal mechanism and its tectonic significance along the twosides of the Red River Fault Zone[J].Geotectonica et Metal-logenia,2004,28(3):239-247.]
[15]HAO Fang,SUN Yong-chuan,LI Si-tian,et al.Overpressureretardation of organic-matter maturation and petroleum gen-eration:A case study from the Yinggehai and QiongdongnanBasins,South China Sea[J].AAPG Bull.,1995,79(4):551-562.
[16]Price L C.Basin richness and source rock disruption:A fun-damental relationship[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1994,17(1):5-38.
[17]HAO Fang,LI Si-tian,DONG Wei-liang.Abnormal organicmatter maturation in the Yinggehai Basin,offshore SouthChina Sea[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1998,21(4):427-444.
[18]何家雄,陈红莲.莺歌海盆地泥底辟带天然气成藏条件及勘探方向[J].中国海上油气(地质),1995,9(3):157-163.[HE Jia-xiong,CHEN Hong-lian.Gas reservior and exploration tar-gets of mud diapir belt,Yinggehai Basin[J].China OffshoreOil and Gas(Geology),1995,9(3):157-163.]
[19]陈红汉,孙永传,李思田.沉积盆地异常超压与岩石破裂耦合动力学模型综述[J].地质科技情报,1994,13(4):65-71.[CHEN Hong-han,SUN Yong-chuan,LI Si-tian.Couplingdynamic model of overpressure and fracture of rocks in sedi-mentary basins[J].Geological Science and Technology Infor-mation,1994,13(4):65-71.]
[20]CHEN H H,LI S T,SUN Y C,et al.Two petroleum systemscharge the YA13-1 gas field in Yinggehai and Qiongdongnanbasins South China Sea[J].AAPG Bull.,1998,82(5):757-772.
[21]郝芳,李思田,龚再升,等.莺歌海盆地底辟发育机理与流体幕式充注[J].中国科学D辑,2001,31(6):471-476.[HAOFang,LI Si-tian,GONG Zai-sheng,et al.Mechanism of dia-pirism and episodic fluid injections in the Yinggehai Basin[J].Science in China(Series D),2001,31(6):471-476.]
[2]龚再升.中国近海含油气盆地新构造运动与油气成藏[M].地球科学,2004,29(5):513-517.[GONG Zai-sheng.Neotecton-ics and Petroleum Accumulation in Offshore Chinese Basins[M].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosci-ences,2004,29(5):513-517.]
[3]夏戡原,周蒂,苏达权,等.莺歌海盆地速度结构及其对油气勘探的意义[J].科学通报,1998,43(4):361-367.[XIA Kan-yuan,ZHOU Di,SU Da-quan,et al.The velocity structure ofthe Yinggehai Basin and its hydrocarbon implication[J].Chi-nese Science Bulletin,1998,43(4):361-367.]
[4]郝芳,董伟良.沉积盆地超压体系演化、流体流动和成藏机理[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(1):79-85.[HAO Fang,DONGWei-liang.Evolution of fluid flow and petroleum accumulationin overpressured system in sedimentary basins[J].Advance inEarth Science,2001,16(1):79-85.]
[5]殷秀兰,李思田,杨计海,等.莺歌海盆地超压流体活动与断裂系统的相互关系[J].地球学报,2002,23(2):141-146.[YINXiu-lan,LI Si-tian,YANG Ji-hai,et al.Correlations between o-verpressure fluid activity and fault system in Yinggehai basin[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2002,23(2):141-146.]
[6]徐辉龙.超压盆地的油气成藏模式—喷溢成藏模式[C]//2003年中国科学院海洋科学年会论文集.2003:53-54.[XU Hui-long.The expulsion model of petroleum accumulation in thegeopressured basins[C]//Marine Science Annually of ChineseAcademy Sciences.2003:53-54.]
[7]Hooper E C D.Fluids migration along growth faults in compac-ting sediments[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1991,14(2):161-180.
[8]XU Hui-long,Oki Yasue.The expulsion of geopressured hy-drothermal system associated with the destructive earthquakesand buried active faults in the Shinanogawa seismic belt,Japan[J].The Island Arc,2004,13(2):333-345.
[9]LI S,LIN C,ZHANG Q,et al.Episodic rifting of continentalmarginal basins and tectonic events since 10 Ma in the SouthChina Sea[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44(1):10-22.
[10]龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.[GONG Zai-sheng,LISi-tian,XIE Tai-jun,et al.Continental margin basin analysisand hydrocarbon accumulation of the Northern South ChinaSea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1997.]
[11]龚再升,李思田.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气成藏动力学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.[GONG Zai-sheng,LI Si-tian.Dynamic Research of Oil and Gas Accumulation in the North-ern Margin Basins of South China Sea[M].Beijing:SciencePress,2004.]
[12]邱中建,龚再升.中国油气勘探(第四卷):近海油气区[M].北京:地质出版社.石油工业出版社,1999.[QIU Zhong-jian,GONG Zai-sheng.Petroleum Exploration in China-Offshorepetroleum area[M].Beijing:Geologic Publishing House andPetroleum Industry Press,1999.]
[13]王槐基.莺歌海盆地地震异常体特征及其地震地质解释[J].中国海上油气(地质),1997,11(2):131-138.[WANG Huai-ji.Characteristics of the seismic anomaly bodies and theirseismic geological interpretation in the Yinggehai basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),1997,11(2):131-138.]
[14]朱俊江,詹文欢,丘学林,等.红河断裂带两侧地震震源机制及构造意义[J].大地构造与成矿,2004,28(3):239-247.[ZHUJun-jiang,ZHAN Wen-huan,QIU Xue-lin,et al.Earthquakefocal mechanism and its tectonic significance along the twosides of the Red River Fault Zone[J].Geotectonica et Metal-logenia,2004,28(3):239-247.]
[15]HAO Fang,SUN Yong-chuan,LI Si-tian,et al.Overpressureretardation of organic-matter maturation and petroleum gen-eration:A case study from the Yinggehai and QiongdongnanBasins,South China Sea[J].AAPG Bull.,1995,79(4):551-562.
[16]Price L C.Basin richness and source rock disruption:A fun-damental relationship[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1994,17(1):5-38.
[17]HAO Fang,LI Si-tian,DONG Wei-liang.Abnormal organicmatter maturation in the Yinggehai Basin,offshore SouthChina Sea[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1998,21(4):427-444.
[18]何家雄,陈红莲.莺歌海盆地泥底辟带天然气成藏条件及勘探方向[J].中国海上油气(地质),1995,9(3):157-163.[HE Jia-xiong,CHEN Hong-lian.Gas reservior and exploration tar-gets of mud diapir belt,Yinggehai Basin[J].China OffshoreOil and Gas(Geology),1995,9(3):157-163.]
[19]陈红汉,孙永传,李思田.沉积盆地异常超压与岩石破裂耦合动力学模型综述[J].地质科技情报,1994,13(4):65-71.[CHEN Hong-han,SUN Yong-chuan,LI Si-tian.Couplingdynamic model of overpressure and fracture of rocks in sedi-mentary basins[J].Geological Science and Technology Infor-mation,1994,13(4):65-71.]
[20]CHEN H H,LI S T,SUN Y C,et al.Two petroleum systemscharge the YA13-1 gas field in Yinggehai and Qiongdongnanbasins South China Sea[J].AAPG Bull.,1998,82(5):757-772.
[21]郝芳,李思田,龚再升,等.莺歌海盆地底辟发育机理与流体幕式充注[J].中国科学D辑,2001,31(6):471-476.[HAOFang,LI Si-tian,GONG Zai-sheng,et al.Mechanism of dia-pirism and episodic fluid injections in the Yinggehai Basin[J].Science in China(Series D),2001,31(6):471-476.]
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心