北京市戒台寺滑坡发生发展机理研究
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摘要
戒台寺滑坡位于北京市门头沟区马鞍山的北麓,马鞍山背斜的北翼,组成边坡的岩性较为软弱。由于多期构造运动的影响,岩体中裂隙发育,岩体结构破碎,风化卸荷严重。边坡为顺倾结构,边坡中顺倾坡外的软弱夹层、软弱结构面及断层发育,它们分别为边坡的滑动提供了滑动面和切割面的作用。由于边坡中岩层倾角大于边坡的坡度,因此并没有剪出的临空面,只是一个受特定边坡结构控制的蠕变体。但是近年来在胜利煤矿和石厂煤矿的大规模采掘Ⅳ级平台山梁下煤层影响下,形成采空移动盆地,造成Ⅳ级平台山梁整体塌陷,客观上为蠕变体提供了变形空间,引起戒台寺SN向山梁Ⅰ～Ⅲ级平台坡体依附于断层破碎带或软弱夹层的松弛,导致各块坡体沿软弱结构面向临空产生蠕动和滑动。采石场大药量爆破的地震波的频繁作用影响,使坡体内的构造结构面扩展松弛张开,表水易于下渗,岩体强度及变形特性显著降低,斜坡稳定性对降雨入渗的敏感性显著提高,最终导致了蠕变体变形的加速。
Jietai temple landslide is located in the north wing slope of Ma'anshan mountain, Mentougou district of Beijing. The rock mass of the slope is weaker. Cracks is well developed. Rock mass of the slope is strongly unloaded and weathered severely after it had experienced several tectonic movements. The slope has daylighting bedding planes. Weak interlayers, weak structural surfaces and faults are well developed. All these discontinuities provided cutting and slipping surfaces for the landslide. Because the dip angle of the beddings is greater than that of the slope, the slope can't slide down along the bedding surface. Thus, the slope is a creep deformable body and controlled by specific discontinunity structures. Two coal mines locate in the middle of the mountain slopes. The mining activities such as excavation and blasting caused the slope rock mass to form and creep gradually and eventually to collapse locally. . Consequently, the slope creeped, relaxed and slipped along the weak planes. Rainfall water could infiltrate into the slope easily. Slope deformed and slipped more and more until its failure.
Jietai temple landslide is located in the north wing slope of Ma'anshan mountain, Mentougou district of Beijing. The rock mass of the slope is weaker. Cracks is well developed. Rock mass of the slope is strongly unloaded and weathered severely after it had experienced several tectonic movements. The slope has daylighting bedding planes. Weak interlayers, weak structural surfaces and faults are well developed. All these discontinuities provided cutting and slipping surfaces for the landslide. Because the dip angle of the beddings is greater than that of the slope, the slope can't slide down along the bedding surface. Thus, the slope is a creep deformable body and controlled by specific discontinunity structures. Two coal mines locate in the middle of the mountain slopes. The mining activities such as excavation and blasting caused the slope rock mass to form and creep gradually and eventually to collapse locally. . Consequently, the slope creeped, relaxed and slipped along the weak planes. Rainfall water could infiltrate into the slope easily. Slope deformed and slipped more and more until its failure.
引文
[1]戒台寺古刹简介.http://www.jietaisi.com.cn/jtjj.htm Introduction of the Jietai temple.http://www.jietaisi.com.cn/jtjj.htm
[2]北京市地质研究所.戒台寺地质灾害危险性评估报告[R],2006.Beijing institute of geology.Risk assessment report of Jietai tem-ple’s geologic disasters,2006.
[3]中铁西北科学研究院.北京市戒台寺滑坡工程地质勘察报告[R],2006.Northwest research institute of China railway engineering corpora-tion.Engineering geological survey report of landslide of Jietai temple in Beijing,2006.
[4]北京娱乐信报.北京戒台寺遭山体滑坡困扰,采石挖煤是帮凶,2005.http://tech.sina.com.cn/d/2005-04-03/1029569726.shtml Beijing entertainment messenger.Beijing Jietai temple being in danger of landslide and the main reason is quarry and mining,2005.http://tech.sina.com.cn/d/2005-04-03/102569726sh.htm
[5]中华人民共和国规范.建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.Anti-seismic design standard of building(GB50011-2001).Beijing:China Architecture&Building press,2002.
[6]Hoek,E.,Bray,J.Rock Slope Engineering,1977.
[7]孙广忠.岩体结构力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.Sun Guangzhong.Rock structural mechanics.Science Press,1988.
[8]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.Zhang Zhuoyuan,Wang Shitian,Wang Lansheng.Principles of engineering geology.Beijing:Geologic Press,1994.
[9]煤炭科学研究院北京开采研究所.煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981.Beijing mining institute of China coal research institute.Principle and application of coal surface movement and damage of coverage rock.Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1981.
[10]张正宇,等.现代水利水电工程爆破[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.Zhang Zhengyu,et al..Engineering blasting of modern water re-sources and hydropower.Beijing:China Water Power Press,2003.
[11]祁生文,伍法权,刘春玲,丁彦慧.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2792～2797.Qi Shengwen,Wu Faquan,Liu Chunling,Ding Yanhui.Engi-neering geology analysis on stability of slope under earth-quake.The Rock Mechanics and Engineering College Journal,2004,23(16):2792～2797.
[12]严福章,王思敬,徐瑞春.清江隔河岩水库蓄水后茅坪滑坡的变形机理及其发展趋势研究[J].工程地质学报,2003,11(1):15～24.Yan Fuzhang,Wang Sijing,Xu Ruichun.Deformation mecha-nism and development tendency of Maoping landslide after im-pounding of Geheyan reservior on Qingjiang River.Jounal of En-gineering Geology,2003,11(1):15～14.
[13]乔建平,吴彩燕,田宏岭三峡库区云阳-巫山段坡形因素对滑坡发育的贡献率研究.工程地质学报,2006,14(1):18～22.Qiao Jianping,et al..Contributing rations of the slope shape to-wards the landslide development from Yunyang to Wushan in Three Gorges reservior area.Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(1):18～22.
[14]马润勇,彭建兵,毛彦龙.西安金盆水库放水塔附近滑坡特征及成因分析[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(4):438～442.Ma Runyong,Peng Jianbing,Mao Yanlong.Features and causes of a landslide near discharge water tower of Jinpen reservoir in Xi′an.Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(4):438～442.
[2]北京市地质研究所.戒台寺地质灾害危险性评估报告[R],2006.Beijing institute of geology.Risk assessment report of Jietai tem-ple’s geologic disasters,2006.
[3]中铁西北科学研究院.北京市戒台寺滑坡工程地质勘察报告[R],2006.Northwest research institute of China railway engineering corpora-tion.Engineering geological survey report of landslide of Jietai temple in Beijing,2006.
[4]北京娱乐信报.北京戒台寺遭山体滑坡困扰,采石挖煤是帮凶,2005.http://tech.sina.com.cn/d/2005-04-03/1029569726.shtml Beijing entertainment messenger.Beijing Jietai temple being in danger of landslide and the main reason is quarry and mining,2005.http://tech.sina.com.cn/d/2005-04-03/102569726sh.htm
[5]中华人民共和国规范.建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.Anti-seismic design standard of building(GB50011-2001).Beijing:China Architecture&Building press,2002.
[6]Hoek,E.,Bray,J.Rock Slope Engineering,1977.
[7]孙广忠.岩体结构力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.Sun Guangzhong.Rock structural mechanics.Science Press,1988.
[8]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.Zhang Zhuoyuan,Wang Shitian,Wang Lansheng.Principles of engineering geology.Beijing:Geologic Press,1994.
[9]煤炭科学研究院北京开采研究所.煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981.Beijing mining institute of China coal research institute.Principle and application of coal surface movement and damage of coverage rock.Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1981.
[10]张正宇,等.现代水利水电工程爆破[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.Zhang Zhengyu,et al..Engineering blasting of modern water re-sources and hydropower.Beijing:China Water Power Press,2003.
[11]祁生文,伍法权,刘春玲,丁彦慧.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2792～2797.Qi Shengwen,Wu Faquan,Liu Chunling,Ding Yanhui.Engi-neering geology analysis on stability of slope under earth-quake.The Rock Mechanics and Engineering College Journal,2004,23(16):2792～2797.
[12]严福章,王思敬,徐瑞春.清江隔河岩水库蓄水后茅坪滑坡的变形机理及其发展趋势研究[J].工程地质学报,2003,11(1):15～24.Yan Fuzhang,Wang Sijing,Xu Ruichun.Deformation mecha-nism and development tendency of Maoping landslide after im-pounding of Geheyan reservior on Qingjiang River.Jounal of En-gineering Geology,2003,11(1):15～14.
[13]乔建平,吴彩燕,田宏岭三峡库区云阳-巫山段坡形因素对滑坡发育的贡献率研究.工程地质学报,2006,14(1):18～22.Qiao Jianping,et al..Contributing rations of the slope shape to-wards the landslide development from Yunyang to Wushan in Three Gorges reservior area.Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(1):18～22.
[14]马润勇,彭建兵,毛彦龙.西安金盆水库放水塔附近滑坡特征及成因分析[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(4):438～442.Ma Runyong,Peng Jianbing,Mao Yanlong.Features and causes of a landslide near discharge water tower of Jinpen reservoir in Xi′an.Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(4):438～442.
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