唐山与通海两大地震的强余震的差别及其原因探讨
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摘要
1970年通海地震序列与1976年唐山地震序列的对比表明,两次地震的余震衰减,余震强度和频度,余震分布区的形状等有区别。对此提出了一种解释:若余震分布区域的长轴长度a与短轴长度b之比a/b越大,则震源体越接近于一个面,在一个面上进行的调整过程应当比较简单,余震的衰减比较快,强余震比较少而小;反之则震源体越表现出一个体的形态,在一个体内进行的调整过程应当比较复杂,余震衰减比较慢,强余震比较多而大。对于那些在主震后能够很快进行定位并勾画出余震区域轮廓的情况,可以尝试利用a/b快速判断后面强余震的多少以及余震衰减的快慢。
Comparison of the seismic sequences between Tonghai earthquake in 1970 and the Tangshan earthquake in 1976 indicates that the attenuation,number,intensity of aftershocks and shape of epicenter areas were different.In this paper,an interpretation is proposed that aftershocks reflect the adjustment process of the medium in seismic source after severe fracture.If the radio(a/b)from major axis length a and minor axis length b of the aftershock epicenter area is large,it implies the source volume being near to a plane and the adjustment process at the plane should be simple,so the aftershock attenuation is faster and strong aftershocks are less.In opposite case,with small a/b,the source volume is near to a cubic and the adjustment process is more complicated,so the aftershock attenuation is slower and strong aftershocks are more and stronger.It can be attempted to use the parameter a/b to estimate quickly that it the stronger aftershocks will be more or not,and the aftershock attenuation will be slow or not for the case that the aftershocks can be located immediately after the mainshock.
Comparison of the seismic sequences between Tonghai earthquake in 1970 and the Tangshan earthquake in 1976 indicates that the attenuation,number,intensity of aftershocks and shape of epicenter areas were different.In this paper,an interpretation is proposed that aftershocks reflect the adjustment process of the medium in seismic source after severe fracture.If the radio(a/b)from major axis length a and minor axis length b of the aftershock epicenter area is large,it implies the source volume being near to a plane and the adjustment process at the plane should be simple,so the aftershock attenuation is faster and strong aftershocks are less.In opposite case,with small a/b,the source volume is near to a cubic and the adjustment process is more complicated,so the aftershock attenuation is slower and strong aftershocks are more and stronger.It can be attempted to use the parameter a/b to estimate quickly that it the stronger aftershocks will be more or not,and the aftershock attenuation will be slow or not for the case that the aftershocks can be located immediately after the mainshock.
引文
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[2]刁桂苓,王泽皋.邢台地震群中的子序列[J].地震学报,1988,10(2):138-145.
[3]谷继成,谢小碧,赵莉.强余震的时空分布规律及其理论解释[J].地球物理学报,1979,22(1):32-46.
[4]韩渭宾,王虹,曾健,等.中强以上地震的震后趋势早期综合判定方法研究[J].地震学报,1993,15(1):15-21.
[5]刘文兵,马丽.台湾集集地震和华北大同地震序列的定量模型分析[J].地震,2004,24(1):155-162.
[6]刘正荣,孔昭麟.地震频度衰减与地震预报[J].地震研究,1986,9(1):1-12.
[7]平建军,李永庆,张清荣.地震序列较强余震快速响应灰色预测的方法探讨[J].地震学报,1999,21(1):70-74.
[8]王碧泉,杨锦英,王春珍.强余震的准周期性[J].地震学报,1979,1(2):154-165.
[9]赵志新,尾池和夫,松村一男,等.中国大陆性地震的余震活动p值[J].地震学报,1992,14(1):9-16.
[10]庄建仓,马丽.主震和余震———从大森公式到ETAS模型[J].国际地震动态,2000,(5):12-17.
[11]莘海亮,张元生,郭晓,等.2004年6月甘肃临泽震群地震精确定位[J].西北地震学报,2008,30(1):71-74.
[12]冯建刚.利用双差地震定位法对民乐—山丹地震序列重新定位[J].西北地震学报,2008,30(1):62-65.
[13]梅世蓉主编.一九七六年唐山地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1982.
[14]刘祖荫主编.一九七零年通海地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.
[15]顾功叙主编.中国地震目录[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[16]李善邦主编.中国地震目录[M].北京:科学出版社,1960.
[17]国家地震局震害防御司.地震工作手册[M].北京:地震出版社,1990.
[18]刘赛君.通海地震余震活动与发震机理———利用余震序列的一种尝试[J].地震研究,1983,6(2):141-150.
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