水库诱发地震对混凝土坝的影响及抗震设防
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摘要
水库诱发地震已成为影响大坝安全的重大环境问题,会给大坝造成不同程度的危害。以新丰江水库地震和柯依纳水库地震对大坝的破坏为例,探讨水库地震对混凝土大坝的影响。对于混凝土坝通常坝顶最易遭到破坏,坝顶的过坝公路及非结构建筑,增加了破坏的可能性,因此在抗震设计时需要考虑坝顶动力放大效应和坝体高阶振型对坝头应力的影响。利用实测的地震加速度记录,对大坝进行抗震反应分析,综合大坝地震应力分析来看,地震作用在坝踵处产生较大的拉应力,而坝趾附近的剪应力也较大。在刚度发生突变的位置及上下游坝面坡折部等易发生较大拉应力处,均为坝体的抗震薄弱部位。基于水库地震对大坝的影响,做好抗震设防是保障大坝安全的一个重要因素。
Reservoir induced seismicity has been the important environmental problem affecting a dam safety, which can generate some extent damage to a dam. In this paper, taking the Xinfengjiang Reservoir induced seismicity and Koyna Reservoir induced seismicity for examples, we discussed the impacts of reservoir induced seismicity on the concrete dams. It can be seen that, for this kind of dams, the dam crest is the prone to damage position, additionally, the roads and the non-structural constructions on the crest increase the possibility of damage. Therefore, when one does the seismic design, the dynamic interaction and the effects of the higher order vibration modes on the stress of the dam crest should be taken into consideration. On the basis of observed seismic acceleration records, the seismic dynamic response analysis was done. It shows that the dam heel and toe are the areas of high tensile stress, and it is critical in the stress analysis of concrete dams, and that the stiffness mutation position and the breakthroughs of slope on the upstream face and downstream face are the weak regions of earthquake-resistant building. In summary, considering the various impacts of reservoir induced seismicity on dams, a good earthquake fortification is the key factor ensuring the dam safety.
Reservoir induced seismicity has been the important environmental problem affecting a dam safety, which can generate some extent damage to a dam. In this paper, taking the Xinfengjiang Reservoir induced seismicity and Koyna Reservoir induced seismicity for examples, we discussed the impacts of reservoir induced seismicity on the concrete dams. It can be seen that, for this kind of dams, the dam crest is the prone to damage position, additionally, the roads and the non-structural constructions on the crest increase the possibility of damage. Therefore, when one does the seismic design, the dynamic interaction and the effects of the higher order vibration modes on the stress of the dam crest should be taken into consideration. On the basis of observed seismic acceleration records, the seismic dynamic response analysis was done. It shows that the dam heel and toe are the areas of high tensile stress, and it is critical in the stress analysis of concrete dams, and that the stiffness mutation position and the breakthroughs of slope on the upstream face and downstream face are the weak regions of earthquake-resistant building. In summary, considering the various impacts of reservoir induced seismicity on dams, a good earthquake fortification is the key factor ensuring the dam safety.
引文
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[9]林鹏,王仁坤,李庆斌,等.汶川8.0级地震对典型高坝结构安全的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1261-1270.(LIN Peng,WANG Ren-kun,LI Qing-bin,et al.Effect analysis of structural safety of typical large dams in Wenchuan8.0earthquake[J].Chi-nese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1261-1270.(in Chinese))
[10]HARSH K,GUPTA B K,RASTOGI.Dams and Earth-quakes[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific PublishingCompany,1976.
[11]陈厚群.中国大坝的抗震设计与研究[J].水利学报,2000,(增刊):77-85.(CHEN Hou-qun.Seismic design and study of Large Dams in China[J].Journal of Hydrau-lic Engineering,2000,(supplement):77-85.(in Chi-nese))
[12]林皋.混凝土大坝抗震技术的发展现状与展望(II)[J].水科学与工程技术,2005,(1):1-3.(LIN Gao.Actuality and prospect of the earthquake-resistance tech-nology of concrete dam(Ⅱ)[J].Water Sciences and En-gineering Technology,2005,(1):1-3.(in Chinese))
[13]邹小红,于跃,宫必宁,等.基于ANSYS的碾压混凝土重力坝静动力分析[J].云南水力发电,2007,(6):52-57.(ZOU Xiao-hong,YUYue,GONG Bi-ning,et al.The static and dynamic analysis of RCC gravity dam based on ANSYS[J].Yunnan Water Power,2007,(6):52-57.(in Chinese))
[14]何蕴龙.碾压混凝土重力坝地震动力分析[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1998,31(1):11-15.(HE Yun-long.Dynamic analysis on RCC gravity dam[J].Journal of Wu-han University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering,1998,31(1):11-15(in Chinese))
[2]姚运生.“长江三峡水库诱发地震监测”项目成果介绍[J].国际地震动态,2006,(9):67-69.(YAO Yun-sheng.Introduction of the program“monitoring and stud-ies for reservoir-induced earthquakes in the Three Gorge Reservoir”[J].Recent Developments in World Seismolo-gy,2006,(9):67-69.(in Chinese))
[3]程心恕.水库诱发地震机制与抗震设防[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(3):60-65.(CHENG Xin-shu.Mechanism of reservoir-induced earthquake and earth-quake resistant fortification[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,22(3):60-65.(in Chinese))
[4]DL5073—2000,水工建筑物抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2001.(DL5073—2000,Specifications for seismic design of hydraulic structures[S].Beijing:China Power Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[5]王德厚.大坝安全监测与监控[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.(WANG De-hou.Safety Detection andMonitoring for Dams[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[6]毛玉平,艾永平,邵德盛,等.水库地震安全问题分析[J].地震研究,2007,30(3):253-260.(MAO Yu-ping,AI Yong-ping,SHAO De-sheng,et al.Study on seismic safety of reservoir[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2007,30(3):253-260.(in Chinese))
[7]陆肇萱,王良琛.重力坝抗震设计安全性的估算[J].水利学报,1980,(2):23-32.(LU Zhao-xuan,WANG Liang-chen.Safety evaluation in aseismatic design of grav-ity dam[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1980,(2):23-32.(in Chinese))
[8]王良琛.新丰江大坝的地震动力分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,1980,(试刊1):111-120.(WANG Liang-chen.Seismic response analysis of Xinfengjiang Dam[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1980,(prototypeedition,1):111-120.(in Chinese))
[9]林鹏,王仁坤,李庆斌,等.汶川8.0级地震对典型高坝结构安全的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1261-1270.(LIN Peng,WANG Ren-kun,LI Qing-bin,et al.Effect analysis of structural safety of typical large dams in Wenchuan8.0earthquake[J].Chi-nese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1261-1270.(in Chinese))
[10]HARSH K,GUPTA B K,RASTOGI.Dams and Earth-quakes[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Scientific PublishingCompany,1976.
[11]陈厚群.中国大坝的抗震设计与研究[J].水利学报,2000,(增刊):77-85.(CHEN Hou-qun.Seismic design and study of Large Dams in China[J].Journal of Hydrau-lic Engineering,2000,(supplement):77-85.(in Chi-nese))
[12]林皋.混凝土大坝抗震技术的发展现状与展望(II)[J].水科学与工程技术,2005,(1):1-3.(LIN Gao.Actuality and prospect of the earthquake-resistance tech-nology of concrete dam(Ⅱ)[J].Water Sciences and En-gineering Technology,2005,(1):1-3.(in Chinese))
[13]邹小红,于跃,宫必宁,等.基于ANSYS的碾压混凝土重力坝静动力分析[J].云南水力发电,2007,(6):52-57.(ZOU Xiao-hong,YUYue,GONG Bi-ning,et al.The static and dynamic analysis of RCC gravity dam based on ANSYS[J].Yunnan Water Power,2007,(6):52-57.(in Chinese))
[14]何蕴龙.碾压混凝土重力坝地震动力分析[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1998,31(1):11-15.(HE Yun-long.Dynamic analysis on RCC gravity dam[J].Journal of Wu-han University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering,1998,31(1):11-15(in Chinese))
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