曹妃甸浅滩潮道保护意义及曹妃甸新老填海规划对比分析
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摘要
曹妃甸填海工程是全国第一大填海工程,拟填海造陆310 km2,建设曹妃甸工业区。曹妃甸海区有曹妃甸外缘深槽和老龙沟深槽两大港口潜力区,建设曹妃甸工业区,使其充分发挥优良港口的作用是合理的。但填海面积过大,填挖土石方严重不平衡,尤其是通岛公路的建设阻断了曹妃甸浅滩潮道是曹妃甸老填海规划的主要缺陷。曹妃甸浅滩潮道是浅滩区的重要潮流通道,对维护老龙沟深槽港口潜力区和区域海洋环境有重要作用,不应被阻断而应当保留畅通。海洋专家们的呼吁对曹妃甸填海规划的修改起了重要作用。近来出台的曹妃甸新填海规划做了重大修改:准备再开通浅滩潮道,恢复北东东向的浅滩潮流系统;要在老龙沟附近修建一个大港池,使老龙沟深槽港口潜力区得到保护和利用;填挖土石方平衡有了明显改善;增加了岸线;减轻了对海洋环境的影响。但仍然存在某些需要进一步完善和推敲之处。津塘—曹妃甸地区是中国两大地面沉降区之一,应做好防止地面沉降、海洋灾害及地震灾害等隐患的准备。填海面积不宜过大,少填多察,多做海洋环境检测。填海要在海洋环境容量能够承受的情况下循序渐进地进行。
The Caofeidian plan of sea reclamation land is the top one project of sea reclamation land in China.The plan area of sea reclamation land is 310 km2 and an industrial area will be set up there.Caofeidian sea area has a good condition of water depth with two harbor potential areas,and it is reasonable to set up an industrial area which needs the good capacity of port transportation.The main shortcomings of the old plan of sea reclamation land are: The area of the sea reclamation land is too large to get a good benefit;Large earthworks are difficult to get;Especially the Caofeidian shoal tidal channel was blocked.The Caofeidian shoal tidal channel is an important tidal channel in the shoal area,and it has a key role to maintain the Laolonggou harbor potential area and sea environments,and it should be kept.The suggestions from marine experts promoted the modification of the Caofeidian plan of sea reclamation land.Recently a new Caofeidian plan of sea reclamation land has unveiled,and some main modifications are: The Caofeidian shoal tidal channel will be reopened;the NEE shoal tidal system will be restored;a large port will be set up in Laolonggou area and the Laolonggou harbor potential areas can be protected and utilized;earthwork balance is improved;coastline is increased;and sea environment influences are reduced.Of course,further modifications of the new plan are needed.Tianjin-Tanggu-Caofeidian area is one of the two main ground subsidence areas in China.Preparation should be done to relieve the troubles which result from ground subsidence,ocean calamity and earthquakes.The area of the sea reclamation land should be controlled.The principles of less reclamation land from sea and more inspection of the sea environment should be followed.Sea reclamation land should be carried out step by step under the endurable situation of the sea environmental capacity.
The Caofeidian plan of sea reclamation land is the top one project of sea reclamation land in China.The plan area of sea reclamation land is 310 km2 and an industrial area will be set up there.Caofeidian sea area has a good condition of water depth with two harbor potential areas,and it is reasonable to set up an industrial area which needs the good capacity of port transportation.The main shortcomings of the old plan of sea reclamation land are: The area of the sea reclamation land is too large to get a good benefit;Large earthworks are difficult to get;Especially the Caofeidian shoal tidal channel was blocked.The Caofeidian shoal tidal channel is an important tidal channel in the shoal area,and it has a key role to maintain the Laolonggou harbor potential area and sea environments,and it should be kept.The suggestions from marine experts promoted the modification of the Caofeidian plan of sea reclamation land.Recently a new Caofeidian plan of sea reclamation land has unveiled,and some main modifications are: The Caofeidian shoal tidal channel will be reopened;the NEE shoal tidal system will be restored;a large port will be set up in Laolonggou area and the Laolonggou harbor potential areas can be protected and utilized;earthwork balance is improved;coastline is increased;and sea environment influences are reduced.Of course,further modifications of the new plan are needed.Tianjin-Tanggu-Caofeidian area is one of the two main ground subsidence areas in China.Preparation should be done to relieve the troubles which result from ground subsidence,ocean calamity and earthquakes.The area of the sea reclamation land should be controlled.The principles of less reclamation land from sea and more inspection of the sea environment should be followed.Sea reclamation land should be carried out step by step under the endurable situation of the sea environmental capacity.
引文
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[2]金明权,李凯双,王长军,等.极浅海石油开发工程环境与数字滩海——南堡油田路岛工程前期研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006:1-211.
[3]李文涛.东营港内航道淤积问题[J].海岸工程,2001,20(1):1-8.
[4]侯国本.关于《东营港内航道淤积问题》一文的讨论[J].海岸工程,2001,20(3):74-75.
[5]杨华,侯志强.黄骅港外淤积问题研究[J].水道港口,2004,25(增刊):59-63.
[6]孔令双,曹祖德,李炎保.粉沙质海岸建港的若干泥沙问题[J].中国港湾建设,2004(3):24-27.
[7]罗肇森.大风期黄骅港外航道的骤淤估算及防淤减淤措施探讨[J].水运工程,2004(10):69-73.
[8]孙连成.天津港泥沙淤积变化及原因分析[J].水运工程,2001(9):33-35.
[9]杨树森.天津港泥沙淤积规律及发展趋势[J].港口技术,2002(9):1-4.
[10]胡惠民,黄立人,王若柏.黄河三角洲及其邻近地区现代地壳垂直运动与地面变形[J].黄河三角洲研究,1993(3):17-20.
[11]任美谔.海平面上升与地面沉降对黄河三角洲影响初步研究[J].地理科学,1990,10(1):48-57.
[12]尹延鸿,丁东.山东北部粉砂淤泥质海岸冲淤速率及护岸研究[M]//于大江.近海资源保护与可持续利用.北京:科学出版社,2001:216-220.
[13]Yin Yanhong,Wang Yurong,Liu Xianqi.Types and distributionpatterns of modern tidal channels along the Yellow River Deltacoast[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,1999,17(4):379-384.
[14]万天丰.中国大地构造学纲要[M].北京:地质出版社,2004:1-387.
[15]夏东兴.海平面上升对渤海湾西岸的影响与对策[J].海洋学报,1994,16(1):61-67.
[16]赵松龄,张宏才.渤海地区近20万年以来的海面变化[J].海洋科学,1985,9(3):10-14.
[17]贾玉连,柯贤坤,许叶华,等.渤海湾曹妃甸沙坝—泻湖沉积物搬运趋势[J].海洋科学,1999(3):56-60.
[18]王艳,柯贤坤,贾玉连.渤海湾曹妃甸80年代以来海岸剖面变化[J].海洋通报,1999,18(1):43-50.
[19]任美谔.风暴潮对淤泥质海岸的影响[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1983,3(4):1-24.
[20]中国科学院海洋研究所海洋地质研究室.渤海地质[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:1-232.
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