弯线地震勘探技术应用中的若干问题
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摘要
弯线地震勘探可以避开各种障碍物、因地制宜地优选激发与接收条件以提高采集资料品质,在复杂地区油气勘探中得到广泛应用。例如:①黄土塬区采用弯线地震勘探技术,沿沟谷布设炮、检点,避开巨厚黄土层对地震波激发和接收的影响;②在碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩交互出露地区,采用弯线避开裸露灰岩而选择在碎屑岩中进行激发、接收;③采用弯线布设可避开村镇、悬崖、水库等大型地表障碍物,有利于落实构造和施工安全;④弯线地震施工可以采用比较灵活的炮、检点分布,能大大提高施工效率和节约勘探成本。但另一方面,弯线施工中炮检中点分散,对共面元道的可叠加性和剖面的可信度构成威胁。本文从满足弯线共中心点面元叠加的时间、空间条件出发,从采集和处理两个环节分析控制炮检中点分散范围的具体方法,以便在充分发挥弯线地震勘探优点的同时,保证成果剖面的真实性。
Seismic crooked lines have been widely used for oil and gas or coal exploration in complex surfaces as they have obvious advantages,such as avoiding huge obstacles and improving data quality by means of choosing optimal source points and receiver locations.This work reviews the following solutions of crook line application from our field practices: ① In loess area,sources and receivers of crooked line are laid in the deep valley to avoid thick loess layer improve data quality;② In areas of clastic rock and carbonate rock alternately outcropping on the surface,crooked line should be lay out in clastic rock area avoiding shooting and receiving on carbonate outcropping surface;③ Crooked line can be lay out to keep away from large obstacles such as villages,cliffs,reservoirs and others for safe operation;④ Sources and receivers can be distributed more flexibly in order to cut down the operation cost.On the other hand,midpoints can be scattering to any direction with crooked line survey.This is a challenge for common midpoint bin gather stacking as well as the data credibility.In this paper,we propose a few specific measures for controlling midpoints scattering in data acquisition and processing from the spatio-temporal conditions of CMP's stacking to ensure authenticity of the final data.
Seismic crooked lines have been widely used for oil and gas or coal exploration in complex surfaces as they have obvious advantages,such as avoiding huge obstacles and improving data quality by means of choosing optimal source points and receiver locations.This work reviews the following solutions of crook line application from our field practices: ① In loess area,sources and receivers of crooked line are laid in the deep valley to avoid thick loess layer improve data quality;② In areas of clastic rock and carbonate rock alternately outcropping on the surface,crooked line should be lay out in clastic rock area avoiding shooting and receiving on carbonate outcropping surface;③ Crooked line can be lay out to keep away from large obstacles such as villages,cliffs,reservoirs and others for safe operation;④ Sources and receivers can be distributed more flexibly in order to cut down the operation cost.On the other hand,midpoints can be scattering to any direction with crooked line survey.This is a challenge for common midpoint bin gather stacking as well as the data credibility.In this paper,we propose a few specific measures for controlling midpoints scattering in data acquisition and processing from the spatio-temporal conditions of CMP's stacking to ensure authenticity of the final data.
引文
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[3]郭良红,田小平.黄土塬区煤田弯线地震勘探采集技术的应用.中国煤田地质,2006,18(6):43～45,65Guo Liang-hong,Tian Xiao-ping.Application ofcoalfield slalom seismic prospecting data acquisitiontechnique inloess tableland.Coal Geology of China,2006,18(6):43～45,65
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[5]王文忠,田雪丰,梁延广.地震勘探弯线技术在巨厚黄土塬区沟谷条件下的应用.中国煤田地质,2007,19(6):65～66,69Wang Wen-zhong,Tian Xue-feng,Liang Yan-guang.Application of seismic slalomline technology onloesstableland ravine conditions.Coal Geology of China,2007,19(6):65～66,69
[6]吕公河,张庆淮等.黄土塬地区地震勘探采集技术.石油物探,2001,40(2):84～91Lv Gong-he,Zhang Qing-huai et al.Seismic acquisi-tionin loess yuan areas.GPP,2001,40(2):84～91
[7]梁传坤,尹军杰,王旭日.地震观测系统影响资料分辨率的两种效应探讨.石油物探,1997,36(2):103～108Liang Chuan-kun,Yin Jun-jie,Wang Xu-ri.Study oftwo kinds of effects of seismic observation systemondata resolution.GPP,1997,36(2):103～108
[8]牟永光.地震勘探资料数字处理方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1980:170～172
[9]卫学忠,王真,许崇宝.黄土覆盖的丘陵地区地震资料处理技术.煤炭技术,2008,27(2):133～134Wei Xue-zhong,Wang Zhen,Xu Chong-bao.Technol-ogy of seismic data processing in hilly areas coveredby loess.Coal Technology,2008,27(2):133～134
[10]郭晓滨,李刚,冯永强.“三步法”静校正在鄂北麻黄山地区地震资料处理中的应用.海洋地质动态,2006,22(4):34～36Guo Xiao-bin,Li Gang,Feng Yong-qiang.Applicationof“three-step method”static correctionto seismic da-ta processing in Mahuangshan of Northern Hubeiprovince.Marine Geology Letters,2006,22(4):34～36
[2]董敏煜.地震勘探.山东东营:石油大学出版社,2000:121～122
[3]郭良红,田小平.黄土塬区煤田弯线地震勘探采集技术的应用.中国煤田地质,2006,18(6):43～45,65Guo Liang-hong,Tian Xiao-ping.Application ofcoalfield slalom seismic prospecting data acquisitiontechnique inloess tableland.Coal Geology of China,2006,18(6):43～45,65
[4]杨双安,魏书宏.煤田弯线地震勘探技术及应用.煤田地质与勘探,2002,30(4):55～57Yang Shuang-an,Wei Shu-hong.Coal field crookseismic prospecting technology and application.CoalGeology&Exploration,2002,30(4):55～57
[5]王文忠,田雪丰,梁延广.地震勘探弯线技术在巨厚黄土塬区沟谷条件下的应用.中国煤田地质,2007,19(6):65～66,69Wang Wen-zhong,Tian Xue-feng,Liang Yan-guang.Application of seismic slalomline technology onloesstableland ravine conditions.Coal Geology of China,2007,19(6):65～66,69
[6]吕公河,张庆淮等.黄土塬地区地震勘探采集技术.石油物探,2001,40(2):84～91Lv Gong-he,Zhang Qing-huai et al.Seismic acquisi-tionin loess yuan areas.GPP,2001,40(2):84～91
[7]梁传坤,尹军杰,王旭日.地震观测系统影响资料分辨率的两种效应探讨.石油物探,1997,36(2):103～108Liang Chuan-kun,Yin Jun-jie,Wang Xu-ri.Study oftwo kinds of effects of seismic observation systemondata resolution.GPP,1997,36(2):103～108
[8]牟永光.地震勘探资料数字处理方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1980:170～172
[9]卫学忠,王真,许崇宝.黄土覆盖的丘陵地区地震资料处理技术.煤炭技术,2008,27(2):133～134Wei Xue-zhong,Wang Zhen,Xu Chong-bao.Technol-ogy of seismic data processing in hilly areas coveredby loess.Coal Technology,2008,27(2):133～134
[10]郭晓滨,李刚,冯永强.“三步法”静校正在鄂北麻黄山地区地震资料处理中的应用.海洋地质动态,2006,22(4):34～36Guo Xiao-bin,Li Gang,Feng Yong-qiang.Applicationof“three-step method”static correctionto seismic da-ta processing in Mahuangshan of Northern Hubeiprovince.Marine Geology Letters,2006,22(4):34～36
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