龙门山北段冲断前锋构造带特征
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摘要
龙门山构造带北段大致从广元到安县一带,其冲断前锋构造带由北向南主要包括矿山梁、天井山、青林口和中坝等典型背斜构造。野外地质事实和地震剖面构造解释证实,龙门山北段前锋构造带中广泛发育了晚三叠世和新生代两期挤压构造变形,但在各背斜构造表现出不同变形特征。矿山梁和天井山构造表现为一个双重构造:浅层是一个晚三叠世形成的断层转折褶皱;深层则是新生代形成的多个逆冲岩片叠置所构成的隐伏堆垛背斜构造。青林口和中坝构造主体表现为叠瓦状逆冲,构造前锋是深部隐伏的断层转折褶皱和断层传播褶皱。从整体上看,龙门山北段冲断前锋构造带变形表现为上覆早期构造变形之下隐伏后期逆冲构造,从而形成双层结构。在龙门山北段前锋构造深部的隐伏冲断构造中可以进行油气勘探。
The northern Longmenshan front belt extends along Guangyuan to Anxian and includes the typical anticlines such as Kuangshanliang,Tianjingshan,Qinglinkou and Zhongba.Field investigations and seismic interpretation ascertained two episode tectonic deformations in the Late Triassic and the Cenozoic periods in this front belt.The Kuangshanliang and Tianjingshan structures show a duplex comprising of a shallow fault-bend fold in the Late Triassic period and a deep buried stacking anticline imbricated by several thrust sheets in the Cenozoic period.The Qinglinkou and Zhongba structures show a imbricate structure in the Late Triassic and a buried fault-bend fold and fault-propagation fold,which may be created or altered in the Cenozoic period.The front belt of the northern Longmenshan exhibits a double-layer structural style characterized by shallow thrust structures and deep buried ones.The buried thrust structures are the frontier fields for hydrocarbon exploration in the northern Longmenshan area.
The northern Longmenshan front belt extends along Guangyuan to Anxian and includes the typical anticlines such as Kuangshanliang,Tianjingshan,Qinglinkou and Zhongba.Field investigations and seismic interpretation ascertained two episode tectonic deformations in the Late Triassic and the Cenozoic periods in this front belt.The Kuangshanliang and Tianjingshan structures show a duplex comprising of a shallow fault-bend fold in the Late Triassic period and a deep buried stacking anticline imbricated by several thrust sheets in the Cenozoic period.The Qinglinkou and Zhongba structures show a imbricate structure in the Late Triassic and a buried fault-bend fold and fault-propagation fold,which may be created or altered in the Cenozoic period.The front belt of the northern Longmenshan exhibits a double-layer structural style characterized by shallow thrust structures and deep buried ones.The buried thrust structures are the frontier fields for hydrocarbon exploration in the northern Longmenshan area.
引文
[1]贾承造,卢华复.库车—柯坪再生前陆冲断带油气聚集和勘探[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:24-67.Jia Chengzao,Lu Huafu.Hydrocarbon migration and explorationof Kuqa-Keping rejuvenated foreland thrust belt[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004:24-67.
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[3]许志琴,李化启,侯立炜,等.青藏高原东缘龙门-锦屏造山带的崛起——大型拆离断层和挤出机制[J].地质通报,2007,26(10):1262-1276.Xu Zhiqin,Li Huaqi,Hou Liwei,et al.Uplift of the Longmen-Jinping orogenic belt along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Ti-bet Plateau:Large-scale detachment faulting and extrusion mech-anism[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2007,26(10):1262-1276.
[4]许志琴,侯立炜,王宗秀.中国松潘-甘孜造山带的造山过程[M].北京:地质出版社,1992:73-86.Xu Zhiqin,Hou Liwei,Wang Zongxiu.Orogenic processes of theSongpan-Garzêorogenic belt of China[M].Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,1992:73-86.
[5]Burchfiel B C,Chen Zhiliang,Liu Yuping,et al.Tectonics of theLongmenshan and adjacent regions,central China[J].Interna-tional Geology Review,1995,37(8):661-735.
[6]金文正,汤良杰,杨克明,等.龙门山冲断带构造特征研究主要进展及存在问题探讨[J].地质论评,2008,54(1):37-46.Jin Wenzheng,Tang Liangjie,Yang Keming,et al.Progress andproblem of study on characters of the Longmen Mountain thrustbelt[J].Geological Review,2008,54(1):37-46.
[7]林茂柄,吴山.龙门山推覆构造变形特征[J].成都地质学院学报,1991,18(1):46-54.Lin Maobing,Wu Shan.Deformational features of nappe struc-tures in the Longmenshan mountains[J].Journal of ChengduCollege of Geology,1991,18(1):46-54.
[8]Chen Shefa,Wilson C J L.Emplacement of the Longmen Shanthrust-nappe belt along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Structure Geology,1996,18(4):413-430.
[9]刘和甫,梁慧社,蔡立国,等.川西龙门山冲断系构造样式与前陆盆地演化[J].地质学报,1994,68(2):100-117.Liu Hefu,Liang Huishe,Cai Liguo,et al.Structural styles ofthe Longmenshan thrust belt and evolution of the foreland basinin western Sichuan Province,China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1994,68(2):100-117.
[10]陈竹新,贾东,张惬,等.龙门山前陆褶皱冲断带的平衡剖面分析[J].地质学报,2005,79(1):38-45.Chen Zhuxin,Jia Dong,Zhang Qie,et al.Balanced cross-sectionanalysis of the fold-thrust belt of Longmen Mountains[J].ActaGeologica Sinica,2005,79(1):38-45.
[11]陈竹新,贾东,魏国齐,等.龙门山北段矿山梁构造解析及其油气勘探[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):445-450.Chen Zhuxin,Jia Dong,Wei Guoqi,et al.Structural analysis ofKuangshanliang in the northern Longmenshan fold-thrust beltand its hydrocarbon exploration[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(4):445-450.
[12]于苏俊.龙门山北段推覆构造的几何特征及应变分析[J].矿物岩石,2000,20(4):67-74.Yu Sujun.Geometrical characteristics and strain analysis ofnappe structures in the northern section of Longmenshan[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2000,20(4):67-74.
[13]贾东,陈竹新,贾承造,等.龙门山褶皱冲断带构造解析与川西前陆盆地的发育[J].高校地质学报,2003,9(3):402-410.Jia Dong,Chen Zhuxin,Jia Chengzao,et al.Structural features ofthe Longmenshan fold and thrust belt and the western Sichuanforeland basin,central China[J].Geological Journal of China U-niversities,2003,9(3):402-410.
[14]钟凯,徐鸣洁,王良书,等.川西两期前陆盆地南北两段构造演化的地球物理特征[J].石油学报,2004,25(6):29-32.Zhong Kai,Xu Mingjie,Wang Liangshu,et al.Geophysical evi-dences of two-segment tectonic evolution of two phase forelandbasin in western Sichuan province[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2004,25(6):29-32.
[15]Suppe J,Chou G,Hook S.Rates of folding and faulting deter-mined from growth strata[M]∥McClay K R.Thrusts tectonics.London:Chapman&Hall,1992:105-121.
[16]Shankar M.Duplex structures and imbricate thrust systems:Ge-ometry,structural position,and hydrocarbon potential[J].AAPGBulletin,1986,70(9):1087-1112.
[17]Suppe J.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J].American Journal of Science,1983,283:684-721.
[18]Eva Enkelmann,Lothar Ratschbacher,Raymond Jonckheere,et al.Cenozoic exhumation and deformation of northeastern Ti-bet and the Qinling:Is Tibetan lower crustal flow diverging a-round the Sichuan Basin[J].GSA Bulletin,2006,118(5/6):651-671.
[19]贾秋鹏,贾东,朱艾斓,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山冲断带与四川盆地的现今构造表现:数字地形和地震活动证据[J].地质科学,2007,42(1):31-44.Jia Qiupeng,Jia Dong,Zhu Ailan,et al.Active tectonics in theLongmen thrust belt to the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau andSichuan basin:Evidence from topography and seismicity[J].Chi-nese Journal of Geology,2007,42(1):31-44.
[20]Shaw J H,Connors C,Suppe J.Seismic interpretation of contrac-tional fault-related folds:An AAPG seismic atlas[M].AAPGSpecial Publication48,2004.
[21]刘志宏,卢华复,贾承造,等.库车前陆盆地克拉苏构造带的构造特征与油气[J].长春科技大学学报,1999,29(3):215-221.Liu Zhihong,Lu Huafu,Jia Chengzao,et al.Structural character-istics and its relation with hydrocarbon of Kelasu tectonic zone inKuqa foreland basin[J].Journal of Changchun University of Sci-ence and Technology,1999,29(3):215-221.
[22]Yielding G,Freeman B,Needham D T.Quantitative fault seal pre-diction[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81(6):897-917.
[23]Picha F J.Exploring for hydrocarbons under thrust belts:A chal-lenging new frontier in the Carpathians and elsewhere[J].AAPGBulletin,1996,80(10):1547-1564.
[24]黄第藩,王兰生.川西北矿山梁地区沥青脉地球化学特征及其意义[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):23-28.Huang Difan,Wang Lansheng.Geochemical characteristics of bi-tuminous dike in Kuangshanliang area of the Northwestern Si-chuan Basin and its significance[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):23-28.
[25]刘金华,张世奇,孙耀庭,等.川西前陆盆地层序地层模式与油气成藏[J].石油学报,2006,27(5):35-40.Liu Jinhua,Zhang Shiqi,Sun Yaoting,et al.Sequence stratigraph-ic models and hydrocarbon accumulation in Chuanxi foreland ba-sin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(5):35-40.
[26]曹烈,沈忠民,安凤山.川西坳陷须家河组古圈闭类型及识别技术[J].石油学报,2006,27(4):45-49.Cao Lie,Shen Zhongmin,An Fengshan.Palaeo-trap types of Xuji-ahe Formation in the western Sichuan Depression and identifica-tion technology[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(4):45-49.
[27]杜业波,季汉成,吴因业,等.前陆层序致密储层的单因素成岩相分析[J].石油学报,2006,27(2):48-52.Du Yebo,Ji Hancheng,Wu Yinye,et al.Single factor diageneticfacies analysis of tight reservoir in western Sichuan foreland basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(2):48-52.
[2]卢华复,贾承造.库车—柯坪再生前陆冲断带构造[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:19-112.Lu Huafu,Jia Chengzao.Structures of Kuqa-Keping rejuvenatedforeland thrust belt[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003:19-112.
[3]许志琴,李化启,侯立炜,等.青藏高原东缘龙门-锦屏造山带的崛起——大型拆离断层和挤出机制[J].地质通报,2007,26(10):1262-1276.Xu Zhiqin,Li Huaqi,Hou Liwei,et al.Uplift of the Longmen-Jinping orogenic belt along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Ti-bet Plateau:Large-scale detachment faulting and extrusion mech-anism[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2007,26(10):1262-1276.
[4]许志琴,侯立炜,王宗秀.中国松潘-甘孜造山带的造山过程[M].北京:地质出版社,1992:73-86.Xu Zhiqin,Hou Liwei,Wang Zongxiu.Orogenic processes of theSongpan-Garzêorogenic belt of China[M].Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,1992:73-86.
[5]Burchfiel B C,Chen Zhiliang,Liu Yuping,et al.Tectonics of theLongmenshan and adjacent regions,central China[J].Interna-tional Geology Review,1995,37(8):661-735.
[6]金文正,汤良杰,杨克明,等.龙门山冲断带构造特征研究主要进展及存在问题探讨[J].地质论评,2008,54(1):37-46.Jin Wenzheng,Tang Liangjie,Yang Keming,et al.Progress andproblem of study on characters of the Longmen Mountain thrustbelt[J].Geological Review,2008,54(1):37-46.
[7]林茂柄,吴山.龙门山推覆构造变形特征[J].成都地质学院学报,1991,18(1):46-54.Lin Maobing,Wu Shan.Deformational features of nappe struc-tures in the Longmenshan mountains[J].Journal of ChengduCollege of Geology,1991,18(1):46-54.
[8]Chen Shefa,Wilson C J L.Emplacement of the Longmen Shanthrust-nappe belt along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Structure Geology,1996,18(4):413-430.
[9]刘和甫,梁慧社,蔡立国,等.川西龙门山冲断系构造样式与前陆盆地演化[J].地质学报,1994,68(2):100-117.Liu Hefu,Liang Huishe,Cai Liguo,et al.Structural styles ofthe Longmenshan thrust belt and evolution of the foreland basinin western Sichuan Province,China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1994,68(2):100-117.
[10]陈竹新,贾东,张惬,等.龙门山前陆褶皱冲断带的平衡剖面分析[J].地质学报,2005,79(1):38-45.Chen Zhuxin,Jia Dong,Zhang Qie,et al.Balanced cross-sectionanalysis of the fold-thrust belt of Longmen Mountains[J].ActaGeologica Sinica,2005,79(1):38-45.
[11]陈竹新,贾东,魏国齐,等.龙门山北段矿山梁构造解析及其油气勘探[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):445-450.Chen Zhuxin,Jia Dong,Wei Guoqi,et al.Structural analysis ofKuangshanliang in the northern Longmenshan fold-thrust beltand its hydrocarbon exploration[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(4):445-450.
[12]于苏俊.龙门山北段推覆构造的几何特征及应变分析[J].矿物岩石,2000,20(4):67-74.Yu Sujun.Geometrical characteristics and strain analysis ofnappe structures in the northern section of Longmenshan[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2000,20(4):67-74.
[13]贾东,陈竹新,贾承造,等.龙门山褶皱冲断带构造解析与川西前陆盆地的发育[J].高校地质学报,2003,9(3):402-410.Jia Dong,Chen Zhuxin,Jia Chengzao,et al.Structural features ofthe Longmenshan fold and thrust belt and the western Sichuanforeland basin,central China[J].Geological Journal of China U-niversities,2003,9(3):402-410.
[14]钟凯,徐鸣洁,王良书,等.川西两期前陆盆地南北两段构造演化的地球物理特征[J].石油学报,2004,25(6):29-32.Zhong Kai,Xu Mingjie,Wang Liangshu,et al.Geophysical evi-dences of two-segment tectonic evolution of two phase forelandbasin in western Sichuan province[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2004,25(6):29-32.
[15]Suppe J,Chou G,Hook S.Rates of folding and faulting deter-mined from growth strata[M]∥McClay K R.Thrusts tectonics.London:Chapman&Hall,1992:105-121.
[16]Shankar M.Duplex structures and imbricate thrust systems:Ge-ometry,structural position,and hydrocarbon potential[J].AAPGBulletin,1986,70(9):1087-1112.
[17]Suppe J.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J].American Journal of Science,1983,283:684-721.
[18]Eva Enkelmann,Lothar Ratschbacher,Raymond Jonckheere,et al.Cenozoic exhumation and deformation of northeastern Ti-bet and the Qinling:Is Tibetan lower crustal flow diverging a-round the Sichuan Basin[J].GSA Bulletin,2006,118(5/6):651-671.
[19]贾秋鹏,贾东,朱艾斓,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山冲断带与四川盆地的现今构造表现:数字地形和地震活动证据[J].地质科学,2007,42(1):31-44.Jia Qiupeng,Jia Dong,Zhu Ailan,et al.Active tectonics in theLongmen thrust belt to the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau andSichuan basin:Evidence from topography and seismicity[J].Chi-nese Journal of Geology,2007,42(1):31-44.
[20]Shaw J H,Connors C,Suppe J.Seismic interpretation of contrac-tional fault-related folds:An AAPG seismic atlas[M].AAPGSpecial Publication48,2004.
[21]刘志宏,卢华复,贾承造,等.库车前陆盆地克拉苏构造带的构造特征与油气[J].长春科技大学学报,1999,29(3):215-221.Liu Zhihong,Lu Huafu,Jia Chengzao,et al.Structural character-istics and its relation with hydrocarbon of Kelasu tectonic zone inKuqa foreland basin[J].Journal of Changchun University of Sci-ence and Technology,1999,29(3):215-221.
[22]Yielding G,Freeman B,Needham D T.Quantitative fault seal pre-diction[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81(6):897-917.
[23]Picha F J.Exploring for hydrocarbons under thrust belts:A chal-lenging new frontier in the Carpathians and elsewhere[J].AAPGBulletin,1996,80(10):1547-1564.
[24]黄第藩,王兰生.川西北矿山梁地区沥青脉地球化学特征及其意义[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):23-28.Huang Difan,Wang Lansheng.Geochemical characteristics of bi-tuminous dike in Kuangshanliang area of the Northwestern Si-chuan Basin and its significance[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):23-28.
[25]刘金华,张世奇,孙耀庭,等.川西前陆盆地层序地层模式与油气成藏[J].石油学报,2006,27(5):35-40.Liu Jinhua,Zhang Shiqi,Sun Yaoting,et al.Sequence stratigraph-ic models and hydrocarbon accumulation in Chuanxi foreland ba-sin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(5):35-40.
[26]曹烈,沈忠民,安凤山.川西坳陷须家河组古圈闭类型及识别技术[J].石油学报,2006,27(4):45-49.Cao Lie,Shen Zhongmin,An Fengshan.Palaeo-trap types of Xuji-ahe Formation in the western Sichuan Depression and identifica-tion technology[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(4):45-49.
[27]杜业波,季汉成,吴因业,等.前陆层序致密储层的单因素成岩相分析[J].石油学报,2006,27(2):48-52.Du Yebo,Ji Hancheng,Wu Yinye,et al.Single factor diageneticfacies analysis of tight reservoir in western Sichuan foreland basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(2):48-52.
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