阿尔金断裂东端破裂生长点的最新构造变形
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摘要
阿尔金断裂与祁连山北缘断裂的交汇部位是阿尔金断裂向东扩展的新破裂生长点,两断裂构造与新生的红柳峡断裂构成似三联点构造。破裂生长点附近的最新构造变形表现为:阿尔金断裂的旋转隆升和向北扩展;祁连山北缘断裂的逆冲推覆兼右旋走滑;红柳峡断裂的挤压拖曳弯曲,它们共同受制于青藏高原的强烈隆升和向外扩张作用。推测阿尔金断裂自西而东的破裂扩展就是似三联点构造逐一形成而又被切割贯通的过程。阿尔金断裂以蠕滑活动为主,2002年玉门地震与祁连山北缘逆冲断裂及其伴生的调节断层的活动相关。
The convergence of the Altyn Tagh Fault on the northern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the North Marginal Fault of the Qilian Mountains is considered to be the growing point of a new fracture of the eastward propagation of the Altyn Tagh Fault.The two faults together with the newly-generated Hongliuxia Fault define a triple junction structure.The latest tectonic deformation at the triple junction structure displays the following characteristic features: The Zhaobishan block which is bounded by the main fault and the branch faults of the same strike on the eastern tip of the Altyn Tagh Fault was dominated by rotation.The main fault propagated outward to form an arcuate shape,while the newest shear fractures occurred on the trail of the main fault.The branch faults are constrainedly bent.The Northern Marginal Fault of the Qilian Mountains was dominated by compression-contraction-detachment deformation,which resulted in a series of imbricate thrust faults and folds.Moreover,horizontal displacement of variable amplitude along different directions occurred on the different segments of the fault.Among them,the western segment was characterized by right-lateral strike-slip,while left-lateral strike-slip became predominant on the eastern segment.The Hongliuxia Fault and its branch faults have caused the uplift and left-lateral strike-slipping of the Hongliuxia Block,which is confined by the faults.The faults along with the Cenozoic strata seized by the faults converge toward the eastern tip of the Altyn Tagh Main Fault,indicating an intensive compressive and traction deformation.The lateral escaping structure along the fault seems to be the main factor that caused the formation of the arcuate mountains on the northern side of the Altyn Tagh Fault.It is postulated that the propagation of fracture from west to east along the Altyn Tagh Fault is the process of the successive formation and linking up of the triple junction.The Altyn Tagh Fault is dominated mainly by creep slip,and so the Yumen Earthquake is believed to be related to the movement of the northen marginal thrust fault of the Qilian Mountains.
The convergence of the Altyn Tagh Fault on the northern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the North Marginal Fault of the Qilian Mountains is considered to be the growing point of a new fracture of the eastward propagation of the Altyn Tagh Fault.The two faults together with the newly-generated Hongliuxia Fault define a triple junction structure.The latest tectonic deformation at the triple junction structure displays the following characteristic features: The Zhaobishan block which is bounded by the main fault and the branch faults of the same strike on the eastern tip of the Altyn Tagh Fault was dominated by rotation.The main fault propagated outward to form an arcuate shape,while the newest shear fractures occurred on the trail of the main fault.The branch faults are constrainedly bent.The Northern Marginal Fault of the Qilian Mountains was dominated by compression-contraction-detachment deformation,which resulted in a series of imbricate thrust faults and folds.Moreover,horizontal displacement of variable amplitude along different directions occurred on the different segments of the fault.Among them,the western segment was characterized by right-lateral strike-slip,while left-lateral strike-slip became predominant on the eastern segment.The Hongliuxia Fault and its branch faults have caused the uplift and left-lateral strike-slipping of the Hongliuxia Block,which is confined by the faults.The faults along with the Cenozoic strata seized by the faults converge toward the eastern tip of the Altyn Tagh Main Fault,indicating an intensive compressive and traction deformation.The lateral escaping structure along the fault seems to be the main factor that caused the formation of the arcuate mountains on the northern side of the Altyn Tagh Fault.It is postulated that the propagation of fracture from west to east along the Altyn Tagh Fault is the process of the successive formation and linking up of the triple junction.The Altyn Tagh Fault is dominated mainly by creep slip,and so the Yumen Earthquake is believed to be related to the movement of the northen marginal thrust fault of the Qilian Mountains.
引文
1 Y in A,Rum elhart P E,Butler Ret a.l Tecton ic h istory of the A ltynTagh fau lt system in Northern Tibet inferred from Cenozoicsed im entation.Geological Society of Am erica Bulletin,2002,114(10):1257~1295
2丁国瑜.阿尔金活断层的古地震与分段.第四纪研究,1995,(2):97~106D ing Guoyu.Paleoearthquakes along the A ltun active fau lt and itssegm entation.Quaternary Science,s 1995,(2):97~106
3崔军文,唐哲民,邓晋福等著.阿尔金断裂系.北京:地质出版社,1999.213~215Cu i Junwen,Tang Zhem in,D eng Jinfuet a.l A ltun Fau lt System.Beijing:Geological Pub lish ing House,1999.213~215
4陈文彬,刘百篪,徐锡伟等.祁连山西段玉门断裂晚第四纪活动特征及相关问题的讨论.西北地震学报,1999,2 l(4):389~394Chen W enb in,L iu Baich i,Xu X iweiet a.l Activity of the Yum enFau lt,W estern Q ilian Mountains during Late Quaternary and itsimplication to regional tecton ic movem ents.Northwestern Seism o-logical Journa,l 1999,21(4):389~394
5杨健,陈祖煜,何传永.昌马水库右岸山体稳定性研究.水文地质工程地质,2004,(1):24~27Yang Jian,Chen Zuyu,He Chuanyong.Stab ility of the right abutm entslope ofChangma Reservoir.Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2004,(1):24~27
6王萍,卢演俦,丁国瑜等.甘肃疏勒河冲积扇发育特征及其对构造活动的影响.第四纪研究,2004,24(1):74~81W ang P ing,Lu Yanchou,D ing Guoyuet al.Response of thedevelopm ent of the shu le R iver alluvial fan to tecton ic activity.Quaternary Sciences,2004,24(1):74~81
7 Tapponn ier P,M eyer B,Avouac J Pet al.Active thrusting andfold ing in the Q ilian Shan,and decoupling between upper crust andmantle in Northeastern Tibet.Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters,1990,97(3~4):382~403
8崔军文,张晓卫,李朋武.阿尔金断裂:几何学、性质和生长方式.地球学报,2002,23(6):509~516Cu i Junwen,Zhang X iaowei,L i Pengwu.The A ltun Fau lt:Itsgeom etry,nature and mode of growth.Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2002,23(6):509~516
9国家地震局《阿尔金活动断裂带》课题组编.阿尔金活动断裂带.北京:地震出版社,1992.307~309Research G roup of the Active A ltun Fau lt Zone,State SeismologicalBureau ed.The Active A ltun Fau lt Zone.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1992.307~309
10何光玉,杨树锋,陈汉林等.河西走廊西段及邻区主要断裂(一)———晚新生代逆断层与走滑断层的地震剖面解释.地震学报,2004,26(11):601~608He Guangyu,Yang Shufeng,Chen Han linet a.l On fau lts ofW estern Hexi Corridor and its vicin ity,Northwestern Ch inaⅠ:Thrust and strike-slip fau lts of Late Cenozoic.Acta Seism ologicaSinica,2004,26(11):601~608
11王萍,卢演俦,陈杰.阿尔金断裂带东段晚更新世阶地沉积物红外释光测年及其构造意义.地震地质,2004,26(4):716~726W ang P ing,Lu Yanchou,Chen Jie.Optical Stimu lated Lum ine-scence(OSL)dating of Late P leistocene terrace deposits in theeastern segm ent of the A ltyn Tagh Fau lt and its tecton ic implication.Seism ology and Geology,2004,26(4):716~726
12刘和甫,李晓清,刘立群等.走滑构造体系盆山耦合与区带分析.现代地质,2004,18(2):139~150L iu Hefu,L i X iaoq ing,L iu L iqunet a.l Petroleum play analysisand strike slip system basin-mountain coupling.Geoscience,2004,18(2):139~150
13何文贵,郑文俊,赵广堃等.2002年12月14日甘肃玉门5.9级地震的发震构造研究.地震地质,2004,26(4):688~697He W engu i,Zheng W en jun,Zhao Guangkunet a.l Study on theseismogen ic structure of the Yum en,Gansu ProvinceMS5.9earthquake of D ecember 14,2002.Seism ology and Geolog,y 2004,26(4):688~697
14吕德徽,向光中.阿尔金断裂东段断层泥特征及断层滑动方式.西北地震学报,1993,15(2):13~20LüD ehu i,X iang Guangzhong.The characteristics of fau lt gougesand the mode of fau lt slip in eastern segm ent of A ltun Fau lt zone.Northwestern Seism ological Journa,l 1993,15(2):13~20
15张秉良,刘行松,何昌荣.阿尔金断裂东段断层滑动方式的研究.工程地质学报,2000,8(3):259~264Zhang B ingliang,L iu X ingsong,He Changrong.Study on the modelof slipp ing along the eastern segm ent ofA ltun Fau lt zone.Journal ofEngineering Geolog,y 2000,8(3):259~264
16陈柏林,刘建生,张永双等.玉门断裂全新世活动特征及其与玉门地震的关系.地质论评,2005,51(2):138~142Chen Bailin,L iu Jiansheng,Zhang Yongshuanget a.l Activity of theYum en Fau lt during the Holocene and its relation to the Yum enEarthquake.Geological Review,2005,51(2):138~142
17国家地震局地质研究所,国家地震局兰州地震研究所.祁连山—河西走廊活动断裂带.北京:地震出版社,1993.77~78Institute of Geology,State Seismological Bureau,Lanzhou Instituteof Seismology,State Seismological Bureau.Active Fau lt Zones inQ ilian Mountain-Hexi Corridor Region.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1993.77~78
18向宏发,虢顺民.河西走廊玉门—嘉峪关地区活动断裂的初步研究.见:国家地震局地质研究所.现代地壳运动研究(5).北京:地震出版社,1990.139~145X iang Hongfa,Guo Shunm in.Prelim inary study on active fau lts inYum en-Jiayuguan area ofHexi Corridor.In:Institute of Geology,State Seismological Bureau ed.Research on Recent C rustalMovem ent(5).Beijing:Seismological Press,1990.139~145
19杨重信,李百祥,王志林.河西走廊西段地球物理场特征及相关地质问题探讨.甘肃地质学报,2005,14(1):76~81Yang Chongxin,L i Baixiang,W ang Zh ilin.D iscussion ofgeophysical field characteristics and other geological issues in W estHexi Corridor.Acta Geologica Gansu,2005,14(1):76~81
20高锐,李朋武,李秋生等.青藏高原北缘碰撞变形的深部过程———深地震探测成果之启示.中国科学(D辑),2001,31(增刊):66~71Gao Ru i,L i Pengwu,L i Q iushenget a.l D eep-seated process of thecollision deformation on the northern edge of the Q inghai-X izangP lateau:Insp iration from the resu lts of deep seism ic sound ing.Sciences in China(Series D),2001,31(Suppl.):66~71
21肖文华,由成才,谭修中等.酒泉盆地窟窿山地区撕裂断层与油气成藏研究.新疆石油地质,2004,25(3):283~285 X iaoW enhua,You Chengcai,Tan X iuzhonget al.Tearing fau lt andpetroleum accumu lation in Ku longshan area,Jiuquan Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(3):283~285
1)王萍.甘肃疏勒河冲积扇发育对构造活动的响应———兼论阿尔金断裂东端新构造活动特征.北京:中国地震局地质研究所博士论文.2003
2丁国瑜.阿尔金活断层的古地震与分段.第四纪研究,1995,(2):97~106D ing Guoyu.Paleoearthquakes along the A ltun active fau lt and itssegm entation.Quaternary Science,s 1995,(2):97~106
3崔军文,唐哲民,邓晋福等著.阿尔金断裂系.北京:地质出版社,1999.213~215Cu i Junwen,Tang Zhem in,D eng Jinfuet a.l A ltun Fau lt System.Beijing:Geological Pub lish ing House,1999.213~215
4陈文彬,刘百篪,徐锡伟等.祁连山西段玉门断裂晚第四纪活动特征及相关问题的讨论.西北地震学报,1999,2 l(4):389~394Chen W enb in,L iu Baich i,Xu X iweiet a.l Activity of the Yum enFau lt,W estern Q ilian Mountains during Late Quaternary and itsimplication to regional tecton ic movem ents.Northwestern Seism o-logical Journa,l 1999,21(4):389~394
5杨健,陈祖煜,何传永.昌马水库右岸山体稳定性研究.水文地质工程地质,2004,(1):24~27Yang Jian,Chen Zuyu,He Chuanyong.Stab ility of the right abutm entslope ofChangma Reservoir.Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2004,(1):24~27
6王萍,卢演俦,丁国瑜等.甘肃疏勒河冲积扇发育特征及其对构造活动的影响.第四纪研究,2004,24(1):74~81W ang P ing,Lu Yanchou,D ing Guoyuet al.Response of thedevelopm ent of the shu le R iver alluvial fan to tecton ic activity.Quaternary Sciences,2004,24(1):74~81
7 Tapponn ier P,M eyer B,Avouac J Pet al.Active thrusting andfold ing in the Q ilian Shan,and decoupling between upper crust andmantle in Northeastern Tibet.Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters,1990,97(3~4):382~403
8崔军文,张晓卫,李朋武.阿尔金断裂:几何学、性质和生长方式.地球学报,2002,23(6):509~516Cu i Junwen,Zhang X iaowei,L i Pengwu.The A ltun Fau lt:Itsgeom etry,nature and mode of growth.Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2002,23(6):509~516
9国家地震局《阿尔金活动断裂带》课题组编.阿尔金活动断裂带.北京:地震出版社,1992.307~309Research G roup of the Active A ltun Fau lt Zone,State SeismologicalBureau ed.The Active A ltun Fau lt Zone.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1992.307~309
10何光玉,杨树锋,陈汉林等.河西走廊西段及邻区主要断裂(一)———晚新生代逆断层与走滑断层的地震剖面解释.地震学报,2004,26(11):601~608He Guangyu,Yang Shufeng,Chen Han linet a.l On fau lts ofW estern Hexi Corridor and its vicin ity,Northwestern Ch inaⅠ:Thrust and strike-slip fau lts of Late Cenozoic.Acta Seism ologicaSinica,2004,26(11):601~608
11王萍,卢演俦,陈杰.阿尔金断裂带东段晚更新世阶地沉积物红外释光测年及其构造意义.地震地质,2004,26(4):716~726W ang P ing,Lu Yanchou,Chen Jie.Optical Stimu lated Lum ine-scence(OSL)dating of Late P leistocene terrace deposits in theeastern segm ent of the A ltyn Tagh Fau lt and its tecton ic implication.Seism ology and Geology,2004,26(4):716~726
12刘和甫,李晓清,刘立群等.走滑构造体系盆山耦合与区带分析.现代地质,2004,18(2):139~150L iu Hefu,L i X iaoq ing,L iu L iqunet a.l Petroleum play analysisand strike slip system basin-mountain coupling.Geoscience,2004,18(2):139~150
13何文贵,郑文俊,赵广堃等.2002年12月14日甘肃玉门5.9级地震的发震构造研究.地震地质,2004,26(4):688~697He W engu i,Zheng W en jun,Zhao Guangkunet a.l Study on theseismogen ic structure of the Yum en,Gansu ProvinceMS5.9earthquake of D ecember 14,2002.Seism ology and Geolog,y 2004,26(4):688~697
14吕德徽,向光中.阿尔金断裂东段断层泥特征及断层滑动方式.西北地震学报,1993,15(2):13~20LüD ehu i,X iang Guangzhong.The characteristics of fau lt gougesand the mode of fau lt slip in eastern segm ent of A ltun Fau lt zone.Northwestern Seism ological Journa,l 1993,15(2):13~20
15张秉良,刘行松,何昌荣.阿尔金断裂东段断层滑动方式的研究.工程地质学报,2000,8(3):259~264Zhang B ingliang,L iu X ingsong,He Changrong.Study on the modelof slipp ing along the eastern segm ent ofA ltun Fau lt zone.Journal ofEngineering Geolog,y 2000,8(3):259~264
16陈柏林,刘建生,张永双等.玉门断裂全新世活动特征及其与玉门地震的关系.地质论评,2005,51(2):138~142Chen Bailin,L iu Jiansheng,Zhang Yongshuanget a.l Activity of theYum en Fau lt during the Holocene and its relation to the Yum enEarthquake.Geological Review,2005,51(2):138~142
17国家地震局地质研究所,国家地震局兰州地震研究所.祁连山—河西走廊活动断裂带.北京:地震出版社,1993.77~78Institute of Geology,State Seismological Bureau,Lanzhou Instituteof Seismology,State Seismological Bureau.Active Fau lt Zones inQ ilian Mountain-Hexi Corridor Region.Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1993.77~78
18向宏发,虢顺民.河西走廊玉门—嘉峪关地区活动断裂的初步研究.见:国家地震局地质研究所.现代地壳运动研究(5).北京:地震出版社,1990.139~145X iang Hongfa,Guo Shunm in.Prelim inary study on active fau lts inYum en-Jiayuguan area ofHexi Corridor.In:Institute of Geology,State Seismological Bureau ed.Research on Recent C rustalMovem ent(5).Beijing:Seismological Press,1990.139~145
19杨重信,李百祥,王志林.河西走廊西段地球物理场特征及相关地质问题探讨.甘肃地质学报,2005,14(1):76~81Yang Chongxin,L i Baixiang,W ang Zh ilin.D iscussion ofgeophysical field characteristics and other geological issues in W estHexi Corridor.Acta Geologica Gansu,2005,14(1):76~81
20高锐,李朋武,李秋生等.青藏高原北缘碰撞变形的深部过程———深地震探测成果之启示.中国科学(D辑),2001,31(增刊):66~71Gao Ru i,L i Pengwu,L i Q iushenget a.l D eep-seated process of thecollision deformation on the northern edge of the Q inghai-X izangP lateau:Insp iration from the resu lts of deep seism ic sound ing.Sciences in China(Series D),2001,31(Suppl.):66~71
21肖文华,由成才,谭修中等.酒泉盆地窟窿山地区撕裂断层与油气成藏研究.新疆石油地质,2004,25(3):283~285 X iaoW enhua,You Chengcai,Tan X iuzhonget al.Tearing fau lt andpetroleum accumu lation in Ku longshan area,Jiuquan Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(3):283~285
1)王萍.甘肃疏勒河冲积扇发育对构造活动的响应———兼论阿尔金断裂东端新构造活动特征.北京:中国地震局地质研究所博士论文.2003
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