等效偏移距方法及应用
|
摘要
当勘探目标地质构造复杂、地层倾角较陡或岩性横向突变时,在地表接收到的反射信号较弱、信噪比较低,甚至接收不到反射波,常规偏移成像方法对这类数据很难精确成像,因此可以考虑基于散射理论的等效偏移距方法来成像.该方法分两步进行:第一步是抽取共散射点道集;第二步是对共散射点道集进行克希霍夫积分偏移.文中数值模拟及实际资料的实例表明,该方法在复杂地质目标及低信噪比地震资料的成像处理中具有一定的实用价值.
When the geologic structure is complex,the dip of the layer is large,or the lateral change of lithology is abrupt,the reflection waves are weak with a low signal-noise ratio,even unable to be received.Routine imaging method is invalid for such data,but the equivalent offset migration based on scattered waves is viable.The method consists of two steps: the first is a gathering process that forms common scatter point gathers;the second is a focusing process that applies a simplified Kirchhoff migration on the CSP gathers.Based on examples of numerical simulating and sea data,the paper shows that the method of scattering image is widely and practicably valuable in processing of complicated geologic structure and low signal-noise ratio seismic data.
When the geologic structure is complex,the dip of the layer is large,or the lateral change of lithology is abrupt,the reflection waves are weak with a low signal-noise ratio,even unable to be received.Routine imaging method is invalid for such data,but the equivalent offset migration based on scattered waves is viable.The method consists of two steps: the first is a gathering process that forms common scatter point gathers;the second is a focusing process that applies a simplified Kirchhoff migration on the CSP gathers.Based on examples of numerical simulating and sea data,the paper shows that the method of scattering image is widely and practicably valuable in processing of complicated geologic structure and low signal-noise ratio seismic data.
引文
[1]吴如山,[美]安艺敬一.地震波的散射衰减.李裕澈,卢寿德等译.北京:地震出版社,1993Wu R S,Aki K.Scattering and Attenuation of Seismic Waves.Translated by Li Y C,Lu S D,et al.Beijing:Seismological Press,1993
[2]尹军杰.地震散射波场特征的数值模拟研究[博士论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005Yin J J.A study on seismic scattered wave characteristics bynumerical simulating[Ph.D.thesis].Beijing:China University ofGeosciences(Beijing),2005
[3][美]安艺敬一,P.G.理查兹.定量地震学理论和方法.北京:地震出版社,1986Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology Theory and Method.Beijing:Seismological Press,1986
[4]Liu Enru,Queen J H,Zhang Zhongjie,et al.Simulation of multiplescattering of seismic waves by spatially distributed inclusions.Sciencein China,2000,43(4):387~394
[5]Bancroft J C,Geiger H D.Equivalent offset CRP gather.Presentedat 64th SEG Mtg,1994.672~675
[6]Bancroft J C,Geiger H D,Foltinek D,et al.Prestack migration byequivalent offsets and common scatter point(CSP)gathers:57thMtg.Eur.Assoc.Expl Geophys,Extended Abstracts,Session:P124,1995
[7]Bancroft J C.Natural antialiasing in equivalent offset prestackmigration:66thAnnual Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1996.1465~1466
[8]Bancroft J C.Computational speed of EOM relative to standardKirchhoff Migration.CREWES Project Research Report,1998,9:43
[9]Ryberg T,Weber M.Receiver function arrays:a reflection seismicapproach.Geophys.J.Ira.,2000,141(1):1~11
[10]王红落,常旭,陈传仁.基于波动方程有限差分算法的接收函数正演与偏移.地球物理学报,2005,48(2):415~422Wang H L,Chang X,Chen C R.Receiver function forward modelingand migration based on wave’equation finite diferenee method.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2):415~422
[11]Ottolini R A.Migration of reflection seismic data in angle midpointcoordinates[Ph.D.thesis].Stanford University,1982
[12]Claerbout J F.Imaging the Earth’s Iinterior.Oxford:BlackwellScientific Publications,1985
[13]John C Bancroft.The equivalent offset method of pre-stack timemigration.Geophysics,1998,63(6):2042~2053
[14]Fowler J F.A comparative overview of prestack time migrationmethods.66thAnn.Internet.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.ExpandedAbstracts,1997.1571~1574
[15]杜世通.地震波动力学.北京:石油大学出版社,1996Du S T.Seismic Wave Dynamics(in Chinese).Beijing:PetroleumUniversity Press,1996
[16]Ray S H.Frequency-selective design of Kirchhoff migration operator.Geophysical Prospecting,1992,40(4):564~571
[17]William A,Schneider.Integral formulation for migration in two andthree dimensions.Geophysics,1978,43(1):49~76
[18]David W,Eaton,Greg Clarke.A Kirchhoff integral method to model3-D elastic-wave scattering,SEG 2000 Expanded Abstracts,P1~4
[19]Paul Docherty.A brief comparison of some Kirchhoff integral formulasfor migration and inversion.Geophysics,1991,56(8):1164~1169
[20]Yilmaz.Seismic Data Analysis:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2001
[21]Bancroft J C.Optimum CSP gathers with fixed equivalent offset.CREWES Project Research Report,1998,9:Ch.44
[22]Sun Hongchuan,Huang Lianjie,Michael C.Kirchhoff migration withan optimized imaging aperture.SEG Int Exposition and 72nd AnnualMeeting Salt Lake City,Utah October 6~11,2002
[23]王伟.基于等效偏移距方法叠前时间偏移的研究[硕士论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005Wang W.The pre-stack time migration study of equivalent offsetmethod[Master thesis].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2005
[24]胡天跃,王润秋,White R.地震资料处理中的聚束滤波方法.地球物理学报,2000,43(1):105~115Hu T Y,Wang R Q,White R.Beamforming in seismic dataprocessing.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(1):105~115
[25]牛滨华,孙春岩,张中杰等.多项式Radon变换.地球物理学报,2001,44(2):263~271Niu B H,Sun C Y,Zhang Z J,et al.Polynomial Radon transform.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(2):263~271
[26]刘伊克,Hongchuan Sun,常旭.基于波射线路径偏移压制多次波.地球物理学报,2004,47(4):697~701Liu Y K,Sun H C,Chang X.Multiple reinoval by wavepathmigration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(4):697~701
[27]洪菲,胡天跃,张文坡等.用优化聚束滤波方法消除低信噪比地震资料中的多次波.地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1106~1110Hong F,Hu T Y,Zhang W B,et al.Attenuating multiples for lowsignal-to-noise ratio seismic data using optimal beamforming.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(6):1106~1110
[2]尹军杰.地震散射波场特征的数值模拟研究[博士论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005Yin J J.A study on seismic scattered wave characteristics bynumerical simulating[Ph.D.thesis].Beijing:China University ofGeosciences(Beijing),2005
[3][美]安艺敬一,P.G.理查兹.定量地震学理论和方法.北京:地震出版社,1986Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology Theory and Method.Beijing:Seismological Press,1986
[4]Liu Enru,Queen J H,Zhang Zhongjie,et al.Simulation of multiplescattering of seismic waves by spatially distributed inclusions.Sciencein China,2000,43(4):387~394
[5]Bancroft J C,Geiger H D.Equivalent offset CRP gather.Presentedat 64th SEG Mtg,1994.672~675
[6]Bancroft J C,Geiger H D,Foltinek D,et al.Prestack migration byequivalent offsets and common scatter point(CSP)gathers:57thMtg.Eur.Assoc.Expl Geophys,Extended Abstracts,Session:P124,1995
[7]Bancroft J C.Natural antialiasing in equivalent offset prestackmigration:66thAnnual Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1996.1465~1466
[8]Bancroft J C.Computational speed of EOM relative to standardKirchhoff Migration.CREWES Project Research Report,1998,9:43
[9]Ryberg T,Weber M.Receiver function arrays:a reflection seismicapproach.Geophys.J.Ira.,2000,141(1):1~11
[10]王红落,常旭,陈传仁.基于波动方程有限差分算法的接收函数正演与偏移.地球物理学报,2005,48(2):415~422Wang H L,Chang X,Chen C R.Receiver function forward modelingand migration based on wave’equation finite diferenee method.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2):415~422
[11]Ottolini R A.Migration of reflection seismic data in angle midpointcoordinates[Ph.D.thesis].Stanford University,1982
[12]Claerbout J F.Imaging the Earth’s Iinterior.Oxford:BlackwellScientific Publications,1985
[13]John C Bancroft.The equivalent offset method of pre-stack timemigration.Geophysics,1998,63(6):2042~2053
[14]Fowler J F.A comparative overview of prestack time migrationmethods.66thAnn.Internet.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.ExpandedAbstracts,1997.1571~1574
[15]杜世通.地震波动力学.北京:石油大学出版社,1996Du S T.Seismic Wave Dynamics(in Chinese).Beijing:PetroleumUniversity Press,1996
[16]Ray S H.Frequency-selective design of Kirchhoff migration operator.Geophysical Prospecting,1992,40(4):564~571
[17]William A,Schneider.Integral formulation for migration in two andthree dimensions.Geophysics,1978,43(1):49~76
[18]David W,Eaton,Greg Clarke.A Kirchhoff integral method to model3-D elastic-wave scattering,SEG 2000 Expanded Abstracts,P1~4
[19]Paul Docherty.A brief comparison of some Kirchhoff integral formulasfor migration and inversion.Geophysics,1991,56(8):1164~1169
[20]Yilmaz.Seismic Data Analysis:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2001
[21]Bancroft J C.Optimum CSP gathers with fixed equivalent offset.CREWES Project Research Report,1998,9:Ch.44
[22]Sun Hongchuan,Huang Lianjie,Michael C.Kirchhoff migration withan optimized imaging aperture.SEG Int Exposition and 72nd AnnualMeeting Salt Lake City,Utah October 6~11,2002
[23]王伟.基于等效偏移距方法叠前时间偏移的研究[硕士论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005Wang W.The pre-stack time migration study of equivalent offsetmethod[Master thesis].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2005
[24]胡天跃,王润秋,White R.地震资料处理中的聚束滤波方法.地球物理学报,2000,43(1):105~115Hu T Y,Wang R Q,White R.Beamforming in seismic dataprocessing.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(1):105~115
[25]牛滨华,孙春岩,张中杰等.多项式Radon变换.地球物理学报,2001,44(2):263~271Niu B H,Sun C Y,Zhang Z J,et al.Polynomial Radon transform.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(2):263~271
[26]刘伊克,Hongchuan Sun,常旭.基于波射线路径偏移压制多次波.地球物理学报,2004,47(4):697~701Liu Y K,Sun H C,Chang X.Multiple reinoval by wavepathmigration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(4):697~701
[27]洪菲,胡天跃,张文坡等.用优化聚束滤波方法消除低信噪比地震资料中的多次波.地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1106~1110Hong F,Hu T Y,Zhang W B,et al.Attenuating multiples for lowsignal-to-noise ratio seismic data using optimal beamforming.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(6):1106~1110
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心