炸药震源和可控震源资料相位差异校正方法
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摘要
在山前带或城区等复杂地表的地震勘探中,为提高地震资料采集的质量,经常选用炸药震源和可控震源联合激发的工作方式。但两种震源采集的地震资料在相位方面存在明显差异。常规的地表一致性反褶积,基本上没有考虑子波的相位特性,其主要目标是校正子波的振幅谱,由此降低了地震资料处理的质量。提出了基于多道自相关函数统计平均的两步法统计子波反褶积方法,并用估算的最小相位子波得出的反褶积算子对地震数据进行了反褶积处理。研究表明,该方法估算出来的最小相位子波受反射系数影响小,在复杂地表地震资料处理中,可达到压缩地震子波、消除子波相位差异的目的,使资料真正实现同相叠加,有效提高了地震资料的信噪比和分辨率,并在一定程度上实现了相对振幅保持。
In order to improve the quality of the seismic data collected from the complex surface in the mountain front or the city area,the joint emission methods of the dynamite source and the seismic vibrator were often choosen during seismic exploration.But the seismic data of the two sources collecting are obviously different in the phase.The conventional surface-consistent deconvolution basically does not consider the characteristics of the wavelet phase.Its main aim is to correct the amplitude spectrum of wavelet.So it reduces the quality of the seismic data.A novel method for two-step statistical wavelet deconvolution was presented based on statistical average of the many gathers autocorrelation function.It estimates the smallest phase wavelet,which is little influenced by the reflectivity coefficient.By using this wavelet to estimate the deconvolution operator,the seismic data were processed by deconvolution.This method can compress the wavelet,eliminate the wavelet phase difference,and realize in-phase superposition of the seismic data during the process of the seismic data in the complex surface.Also it can raise the signal/noise ratio and distinguish ability of the seismic data,and realize the relative amplitude-preserving to a certain extent.
In order to improve the quality of the seismic data collected from the complex surface in the mountain front or the city area,the joint emission methods of the dynamite source and the seismic vibrator were often choosen during seismic exploration.But the seismic data of the two sources collecting are obviously different in the phase.The conventional surface-consistent deconvolution basically does not consider the characteristics of the wavelet phase.Its main aim is to correct the amplitude spectrum of wavelet.So it reduces the quality of the seismic data.A novel method for two-step statistical wavelet deconvolution was presented based on statistical average of the many gathers autocorrelation function.It estimates the smallest phase wavelet,which is little influenced by the reflectivity coefficient.By using this wavelet to estimate the deconvolution operator,the seismic data were processed by deconvolution.This method can compress the wavelet,eliminate the wavelet phase difference,and realize in-phase superposition of the seismic data during the process of the seismic data in the complex surface.Also it can raise the signal/noise ratio and distinguish ability of the seismic data,and realize the relative amplitude-preserving to a certain extent.
引文
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[11]夏洪瑞,周开明,朱勇.两步法反褶积技术中子波的提取与反子波的计算[C]//张德忠.地震资料处理技术论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,1995:156-163.
[2]BROTZ R,MARSCHALL R,KNECHT M.Signal ad-justment of vibroseis and impulsive source data[J].Geo-physical Prospecting,1987,35(7):739-766.
[3]KANG D,MING X,XIAOFEI Z.Phase difference cor-rection method for phase and frequency in spectral analy-sis[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2000,14(5):835-843.
[4]王民,谭绍泉,秦豹,等.可控震源资料处理方法研究[J].石油物探,2003,42(增刊):188-191.WANG Min,TAN Shao-quan,QIN Bao,et al.Thecontrolled source seismic data processing method[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(sup):188-191.
[5]王旺志,朱伟强,王民,等.可控震源在城区勘探中的应用效果[J].石油物探,2003,42(增刊):118-120.WANG Wang-zhi,ZHU Wei-qiang,WANG Min,et al.The applying result of the controlled source in the townexploration[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(sup):118-120.
[6]熊翥.地震数据数字处理应用技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[7]程乾生.信号数字处理的数学原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[8]牟永光.地震勘探资料数字处理方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1981.
[9]张永刚,傅才芳.两步法统计子波反褶积[J].物探科技通报,1988,6(2):19-88.ZHANG Yong-gang,FU Cai-fang.The two-step statisti-cal wavelet deconvolution[J].Geophysical ProspectingScience and Technology Announcement,1988,6(2):19-88.
[10]苏贵士,周兴元.改进的统计子波反褶积[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(3):399-403.SU Gui-shi,ZHOU Xing-yuan.An ameliorative statis-tical wavelet deconvolution[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,1997,32(3):399-403.
[11]夏洪瑞,周开明,朱勇.两步法反褶积技术中子波的提取与反子波的计算[C]//张德忠.地震资料处理技术论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,1995:156-163.
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