火成岩的10年研究进展和未来的挑战
摘要
文中简要列举了近年在火成岩领域的研究进展及今后发展方向,主要涉及7个方面内容:①新元古代末期大陆裂谷火山作用与Rodinia超级联合大陆裂解;②中亚石炭纪—早二叠世大规模裂谷火山事件的深部地球动力学背景及其与古特提斯裂解和晚古生代中亚大规模成矿事件的关系;③中—新生代东亚火山作用与岩石圈巨量减薄;④新生代印度—亚洲大陆碰撞与高原隆升的火山作用响应;⑤大火成岩省和地幔柱;⑥花岗岩与地球动力学环境;⑦铁镁—超铁镁岩与蛇绿岩。提出在下一个10年里,需要继续开展岩浆成因和演变、岩浆作用和构造环境的关系,变质岩石的P—T—t轨迹,以及变质作用、岩浆作用和大地构造的关系等方面的研究;需要研究更深层次的地壳和上地幔,以了解岩浆形成和运移的过程;海洋钻探有可能取得深部地壳或上地幔的样品,大陆钻探将钻到10km及更深;将使用地震层析来描述地壳和上地幔的结构,确定俯冲带或地幔柱的位置,以及部分熔融的分布面积,等等。此外,分析和测试等方面的高新技术的开发和运用,以及实验岩石学的发展都对岩石学领域的发展起到至关重要的作用。
This paper summarized recent progresses in the study of igneous petrology from 7 aspects. They are ①Continental rifting and volcanism in late Neoproterozoic time and breaking of the Rodinian super-continent; Deep-Earth dynamic background of the Carboniferous—Early Permian extensive rifting and volcanism in Middle Asia, and their relationship with formation of the Paleo-Tethys and plentiful minerogenesis in Late Paleozoic in Middle Asia; ② Mesozoic—Cenozoic volcanism and intense thinning of lithosphere in East Asia; ③ Cenozoic collision between Indian continent and Asian continent and volcanism related to the plateau uplifting; ④ Large igneous province (LIP) and mantle plume; ⑤ Granite and Earth dynamic background; and ⑥ Mafic—ultramafic rocks and ophiolites. In coming 10 years studies will be continued in genesis and movement of magmas, their evolution and tectonic setting, and metamorphic P—T—t path and mechanism of subduction and exhumation of ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks. Petrologists are extremely interested in deep crust and mantle core samples from IODP and ICDP, and in using tomography data to describe crustal and mantle structures. In addition, development and application of advanced and new technique in sample analysis and measurement, as well as development of laboratory experimental work are critically important for further petrological study.
This paper summarized recent progresses in the study of igneous petrology from 7 aspects. They are ①Continental rifting and volcanism in late Neoproterozoic time and breaking of the Rodinian super-continent; Deep-Earth dynamic background of the Carboniferous—Early Permian extensive rifting and volcanism in Middle Asia, and their relationship with formation of the Paleo-Tethys and plentiful minerogenesis in Late Paleozoic in Middle Asia; ② Mesozoic—Cenozoic volcanism and intense thinning of lithosphere in East Asia; ③ Cenozoic collision between Indian continent and Asian continent and volcanism related to the plateau uplifting; ④ Large igneous province (LIP) and mantle plume; ⑤ Granite and Earth dynamic background; and ⑥ Mafic—ultramafic rocks and ophiolites. In coming 10 years studies will be continued in genesis and movement of magmas, their evolution and tectonic setting, and metamorphic P—T—t path and mechanism of subduction and exhumation of ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks. Petrologists are extremely interested in deep crust and mantle core samples from IODP and ICDP, and in using tomography data to describe crustal and mantle structures. In addition, development and application of advanced and new technique in sample analysis and measurement, as well as development of laboratory experimental work are critically important for further petrological study.
引文
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