济阳坳陷不整合油气成藏与勘探
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摘要
基于探井与地震资料分析、典型油藏解剖等,研究了济阳坳陷不整合结构发育特征,探讨了不整合对油气成藏的作用,阐明了不整合圈闭油气成藏规律,建立了不整合圈闭精细描述方法。研究认为,根据风化粘土层、半风化岩石发育状况,济阳坳陷不整合结构可划分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型3种类型,各种不整合结构在地质和测井上具有一定响应特征。不整合结构发育受控于原岩岩性、间断时间、古地形、顶板岩相等因素,这些因素决定了不整合结构类型的空间展布。济阳坳陷砂泥岩地层的风化差异性,使得不整合以遮挡控制圈闭为主,难以形成连续的横向输导层,不是油气长距离运移主通道,但可在局部地区构成垂向或横向输导方式。不整合油气成藏与分布规律可概括为:正向构造背景控制油气的分布与富集,成藏动力控制圈闭含油性,不整合油气藏主要分布在常压系统。地层夹角、层速度和地震波主频是影响地层超剥点(线)准确识别的主要因素,探索形成了以储层超剥线精细描述、不整合面上下岩性有效识别为关键的不整合圈闭精细描述技术。
Based on the analysis of exploration wells information,seismic data and typical reservoir,the development features of unconformity structure,action of the unconformity to reservoir forming,and reservoir-forming rules and fine description method of unconformity traps in Jiyang Depression were researched. The unconformity structure in Jiyang Depression is divided into 3 types according to the development of weatheredclay layer and semi-weathered rock. Each type of them has relatively certain response characteristics on geology and logging. Development ofthe unconformity structure was controlled by lithology of country rock,weathering time,palaeogeomorphology,upper lithofacies,and so on.These factors dominated the spatial distribution of the unconformity structure types. Weathering difference of sandstones and mudstones inJiyang Depression resulted that the unconformity structure mainly plays the role of screening and controlling traps,which is difficult to formcontinued lateral transportation bed,so unconformity is not the main pathway of long distance oil and gas migration,but plays role of verticalor horizontal transportation in parts of area. Reservoir-forming and distribution rules of the unconformity traps include that:positive tectonicbackground controls oil and gas distribution and enrichment,unconformity reservoir mainly located in normal pressure system,and reservoirforming dynamic controls oil-bearing probability of traps. Angle of stratum,interval velocity and the dominant frequency of seismic wave arethe main factors affecting accuracy identification of overlapping-denudation point (line). Fine description technology for the unconformitytraps was established whose key is fine description of overlapping-denudation line and effective identification of lithology above and belowunconformity.
Based on the analysis of exploration wells information,seismic data and typical reservoir,the development features of unconformity structure,action of the unconformity to reservoir forming,and reservoir-forming rules and fine description method of unconformity traps in Jiyang Depression were researched. The unconformity structure in Jiyang Depression is divided into 3 types according to the development of weatheredclay layer and semi-weathered rock. Each type of them has relatively certain response characteristics on geology and logging. Development ofthe unconformity structure was controlled by lithology of country rock,weathering time,palaeogeomorphology,upper lithofacies,and so on.These factors dominated the spatial distribution of the unconformity structure types. Weathering difference of sandstones and mudstones inJiyang Depression resulted that the unconformity structure mainly plays the role of screening and controlling traps,which is difficult to formcontinued lateral transportation bed,so unconformity is not the main pathway of long distance oil and gas migration,but plays role of verticalor horizontal transportation in parts of area. Reservoir-forming and distribution rules of the unconformity traps include that:positive tectonicbackground controls oil and gas distribution and enrichment,unconformity reservoir mainly located in normal pressure system,and reservoirforming dynamic controls oil-bearing probability of traps. Angle of stratum,interval velocity and the dominant frequency of seismic wave arethe main factors affecting accuracy identification of overlapping-denudation point (line). Fine description technology for the unconformitytraps was established whose key is fine description of overlapping-denudation line and effective identification of lithology above and belowunconformity.
引文
[1]李丕龙,庞雄奇.陆相断陷盆地隐蔽油气藏形成——以济阳坳陷为例[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:117-357.
[2]李丕龙,张善文,宋国奇,等.断陷盆地隐蔽油气藏形成机制——以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷为例[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(1):3-10.
[3]张善文.成熟探区油气勘探思路及方法——以济阳坳陷为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2007,14(3):1-4.
[4]张善文.济阳坳陷第三系隐蔽油气藏勘探理论与实践[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):731-740,761.
[5]隋风贵,赵乐强.济阳坳陷不整合结构类型及控藏作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2006,30(2):161-167.
[6]贾承造,赵文智,邹才能,等.岩性地层油气藏勘探研究的两项核心技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(3):3-9.
[7]潘元林,张善文,肖焕钦,等.济阳断陷盆地隐蔽油气藏勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:41-54.
[8]易士威.断陷盆地岩性地层油藏分布特征[J].石油学报,2005,26(1):38-41.
[9]王克,查明,吴孔友,等.烃源岩与输导体系配置规律研究——以济阳坳陷临南洼陷为例[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(2):129-133.
[10]隋风贵,王学军,卓勤功,等.陆相断陷盆地地层油藏勘探现状与研究方向——以济阳坳陷为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2007,14(1):1-6.
[11]陈涛,蒋有录,宋国奇,等.济阳坳陷不整合结构地质特征及油气成藏条件[J].石油学报,2008,29(4):499-503.
[12]付广,段海凤,孟庆芬.不整合及输导油气特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(1):13-16.
[13]宋国奇,陈涛,蒋有录,等.济阳坳陷第三系不整合结构矿物学与元素地球化学特征[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,32(5):7-11.
[14]高长海,查明.不整合运移通道类型及输导油气特征[J].地质学报,2008,82(8):1113-1120.
[15]Parker A.An index of weathering for silicate rocks[J].Geological Magazine,1970,107(6):501-504.
[16]Roaldset E.Mineralogy and geochemistry of Quaternary clays in the Numedal Area,southern Norway[J].Norsk Geolisk Tidsskrift,1972,52(4):335-369.
[17]Nesbitt HW,Young G M.Early Proterozoic climates and plate mo-tions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites[J].Nature,1982,299(5885):715-717.
[18]Jason R P,Michael A V.Chemical weathering indices applied to weathering profiles developed on heterogeneous felsic metamorphic parent rocks[J].Chemical Geology,2003,202(3/4):397-416.
[19]Fedo C M,Nesbitt HW,Young G M.Unraveling the effects of po-tassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols,with im-plications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance[J].Geol-ogy,1995,23(10):921-924.
[20]许晓明,刘震,谢启超,等.渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷异常高压特征分析[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(4):345-349.
[21]宁方兴.济阳坳陷地层油气藏油柱高度主控因素及定量计算[J].油气地质与采收率,2008,15(3):9-11.
[22]韩文功,张建宁,王金铎.济阳坳陷隐蔽圈闭识别与精细描述[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):849-859.
[2]李丕龙,张善文,宋国奇,等.断陷盆地隐蔽油气藏形成机制——以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷为例[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(1):3-10.
[3]张善文.成熟探区油气勘探思路及方法——以济阳坳陷为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2007,14(3):1-4.
[4]张善文.济阳坳陷第三系隐蔽油气藏勘探理论与实践[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):731-740,761.
[5]隋风贵,赵乐强.济阳坳陷不整合结构类型及控藏作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2006,30(2):161-167.
[6]贾承造,赵文智,邹才能,等.岩性地层油气藏勘探研究的两项核心技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(3):3-9.
[7]潘元林,张善文,肖焕钦,等.济阳断陷盆地隐蔽油气藏勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:41-54.
[8]易士威.断陷盆地岩性地层油藏分布特征[J].石油学报,2005,26(1):38-41.
[9]王克,查明,吴孔友,等.烃源岩与输导体系配置规律研究——以济阳坳陷临南洼陷为例[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(2):129-133.
[10]隋风贵,王学军,卓勤功,等.陆相断陷盆地地层油藏勘探现状与研究方向——以济阳坳陷为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2007,14(1):1-6.
[11]陈涛,蒋有录,宋国奇,等.济阳坳陷不整合结构地质特征及油气成藏条件[J].石油学报,2008,29(4):499-503.
[12]付广,段海凤,孟庆芬.不整合及输导油气特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(1):13-16.
[13]宋国奇,陈涛,蒋有录,等.济阳坳陷第三系不整合结构矿物学与元素地球化学特征[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,32(5):7-11.
[14]高长海,查明.不整合运移通道类型及输导油气特征[J].地质学报,2008,82(8):1113-1120.
[15]Parker A.An index of weathering for silicate rocks[J].Geological Magazine,1970,107(6):501-504.
[16]Roaldset E.Mineralogy and geochemistry of Quaternary clays in the Numedal Area,southern Norway[J].Norsk Geolisk Tidsskrift,1972,52(4):335-369.
[17]Nesbitt HW,Young G M.Early Proterozoic climates and plate mo-tions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites[J].Nature,1982,299(5885):715-717.
[18]Jason R P,Michael A V.Chemical weathering indices applied to weathering profiles developed on heterogeneous felsic metamorphic parent rocks[J].Chemical Geology,2003,202(3/4):397-416.
[19]Fedo C M,Nesbitt HW,Young G M.Unraveling the effects of po-tassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols,with im-plications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance[J].Geol-ogy,1995,23(10):921-924.
[20]许晓明,刘震,谢启超,等.渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷异常高压特征分析[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(4):345-349.
[21]宁方兴.济阳坳陷地层油气藏油柱高度主控因素及定量计算[J].油气地质与采收率,2008,15(3):9-11.
[22]韩文功,张建宁,王金铎.济阳坳陷隐蔽圈闭识别与精细描述[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):849-859.
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