复杂构型非孤立圆涡的能量频散
摘要
能量频散是一个基础性的科学问题,与台风、暴雨、地震等灾害密切相关,一直受到多学科研究人员和广大预报员的关注.孤立圆涡能量频散的动力学己经清楚.但是,造成天气灾害的往往是非孤立圆涡.非孤立圆涡能量频散的动力学尚待探索.本文用线性化的正压无幅散涡度方程,研究了非孤立圆涡能量频散的特征.这里,非孤立圆涡指的是:一个热带气旋(TC)涡旋和一个中尺度涡构成的复杂构型.基于傅里叶变换的解析解和基于空间差分格式的数值解一致地显示:(1)在只有TC涡旋的条件下,涡旋能量频散形成一个TC-G-D的波列,3个波列成员中心的连线是一条与x轴平行的直线.这里,"G"和"D"分别代表高值和低值系统.(2)在非孤立圆涡的条件下,涡旋能量频散也形成了一个TC-G-D的波列,但是,3个波列成员中心的连线不再是一条与x轴平行的直线,而是一个三角形.(3)三角形底角的角度与初始中尺度涡的强度之间存在非线性联系.这些结果在台风预测中具有应用前景.
引文
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14罗忠红.利用卫星云图和天气形势分析9914号台风路径.台湾海峡,2001,20:426–428
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16Asselin R.Frequency filter for time integrations.Mon Weather Rev,1972,109:18–36
17罗哲贤.副热带高圧脊南侧东风气流中双台风的相互作用.气象学报,2001,59:450–458
2丛春华.热带气旋远距离暴雨的硏究.博士学位论文.北京:中国气象科学研究院,2011.10–17
3Yeh T C.On energy dispersion in the atmosphere.J Meteorol,1949,6:1–16
4伍荣生,党人庆,余志豪,等.动力气象学.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1983.75–114
5司东,丁一汇,柳艳菊.中国梅雨雨带年代际尺度上的北移及其原因.科学通报,2010,55:68–73
6Chan J C L,Williams R T.Analytical and numerical studies of the beta-effect in tropical cyclone motion.Part1:Zero mean flow.J Atmos Sci,1987,44:1257–1265
7罗哲贤.能量频散对台风结构和移动的作用.气象学报,1994,52:149–156
8Carr C E,Elsberry R T.Monsoonal interactions leading to sudden tropical cyclone track changes.Mon Weather Rev,1995,123:265–289
9徐祥德,陈联寿.TCM-90現场试验台风能量频散波列特征.气象学报,1998,56:129–138
10Li T,Fu B.Tropical cyclogenesis associated with Rossby wave energy dispersion of a preexisting typhoon.Part I:Satellite data analyses.J Atmos Sci,2006,63:1377–1389
11Li T,Ge X Y,Wang B,et al.Tropical cyclogenesis associated with Rossby wave energy dispersion of a preexisting typhoon.Part II:Numerical simulations.J Atmos Sci,2006,63:1390–1409
12Ge X,Li T,Zhou X Q.Tropical cyclone energy dispersion under vertical shears.Geophys Res Lett,2007,34:L23807
13Ge X,Li T,Peng M S.Cyclogenesis simulation of typhoon Prapiroon(2000)associated with Rossby wave energy dispersion.Mon Weather Rev,2010,138:42–54
14罗忠红.利用卫星云图和天气形势分析9914号台风路径.台湾海峡,2001,20:426–428
15穆文锋,万卫星,任志鹏,等.电离层经度变化波数谱成分与高层大气潮汐模的相关性.科学通报,2011,56:35–43
16Asselin R.Frequency filter for time integrations.Mon Weather Rev,1972,109:18–36
17罗哲贤.副热带高圧脊南侧东风气流中双台风的相互作用.气象学报,2001,59:450–458
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