塔西南阿其克背斜地质构造特征及与油气关系
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摘要
阿其克背斜是塔里木盆地西南坳陷南缘的一个横向转换构造,该构造的特殊性在于其枢纽走向与造山带总体是垂直的,而非平行。笔者通过分析阿其克背斜南、中、北3段地质剖面及各剖面中核部与两翼地层的极射赤平投影,揭示了阿其克背斜的几何学、运动学、动力学特征。结合地震解释剖面、区域构造背景及前人研究成果,建立了阿其克背斜形成过程的地质模型,认为它是在断层传播褶皱和断层转折褶皱共同作用下,以断层传播作用为主分3个阶段形成的断坡背斜构造,垂向上自下而上分原地系统、准原地系统和外来系统中的推覆体3个构造层次。塔里木盆地的菱形边界性质造成阿其克地区EW向的挤压应力场。由于背斜上部外来系统中的推覆体南部翘起遭受剥蚀,东侧被阿其克断层破坏,因此对油气圈闭不利,但在北部异地推覆体之下,原地系统中过熟烃源岩及毗邻凹陷内的烃源岩可以通过断层、不整合面向上部准原地系统中的宽缓背斜圈闭供给油气。
The Aqike anticline is a transitional structure on the southern margin of the southwest depression of Tarim Basin.The particularity of this structure lies in the fact that the strike of its axis is vertical to rather than parallel to the mountain belt.Through the analysis of southern,middle and northern sections in combination with the stereographic projection,the authors identified geometric features of the anticline.Based on seismic data interpretation and regional development history,this paper has built up a model for the formation of the anticline.The model holds that the Aqike anticline was formed by both fault-propagation fold process and fault-bend fold process.It is a fault-anticline structure formed by three stages and composed vertically of three parts,i.e.,autoch-thonous system,para-autochthonous system,and allochthonous thrust block.The boundary property of Tarim Basin leads to the WE-trending compressive stress field.Affected by the allochthonous thrust block,the southern part of the anticline is exposed and is transected by the Aqike fault on the east side,thus unfavorable for petroleum trapping.However,in the autochthonous system,the petroleum-bearing rocks may provide oil and gas for the upper traps of the para-autochthonous system through faults and discontinuous surfaces.
The Aqike anticline is a transitional structure on the southern margin of the southwest depression of Tarim Basin.The particularity of this structure lies in the fact that the strike of its axis is vertical to rather than parallel to the mountain belt.Through the analysis of southern,middle and northern sections in combination with the stereographic projection,the authors identified geometric features of the anticline.Based on seismic data interpretation and regional development history,this paper has built up a model for the formation of the anticline.The model holds that the Aqike anticline was formed by both fault-propagation fold process and fault-bend fold process.It is a fault-anticline structure formed by three stages and composed vertically of three parts,i.e.,autoch-thonous system,para-autochthonous system,and allochthonous thrust block.The boundary property of Tarim Basin leads to the WE-trending compressive stress field.Affected by the allochthonous thrust block,the southern part of the anticline is exposed and is transected by the Aqike fault on the east side,thus unfavorable for petroleum trapping.However,in the autochthonous system,the petroleum-bearing rocks may provide oil and gas for the upper traps of the para-autochthonous system through faults and discontinuous surfaces.
引文
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王世虎,徐希坤,宋国奇.2001.塔西南坳陷和田凹陷前陆逆冲带构造特征[J].石油实验地质,23(4):378-383.
向奎.2006.塔里木盆地西南边缘压扭构造体系及其石油地质意义[J].古地理学报,8(2):233-239.
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CHEN Xin’an,ZHANG Xing-lin,QU Qiu-ping,ZHOU Hong-qing.1999.The character and hydrocarbon potential of piedmont structures in southwestern Tarim basin[J].XJPG,20(6):468-472(in Chinese with English abstract).
DING Xiao-zhong,GUO Xian-pu,PENG Yang,JI Yun-long,LI Xi-chen,ZHANG Tao,LIU Li-jun,WANG Yi-nong.2002.A study of the Cretaceous-Tertiary sequence stratigraphy of Tarim basin,Xinjiang[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,23(3):243-248(in Chinese with English abstract).
HE Deng-fa.1994.Cenozoic tectonic evolution and oil-gas accu-mulation in Tarim basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and De-velopment,21(3):1-8(in Chinese with English abstract).
HU Jian-zhong,TAN Ying-jia,ZHANG Ping,ZHANG Yan-qiu.2008.Structural features of Cenozoic thrust-fault belts in the piedmont of southwestern Tarim basin[J].Earth Science Fron-tiers,15(2):222-231(in Chinese with English abstract).
HU Wang-shui,CHEN Yu-sui,XIAO An-cheng,LIU Xue-feng,LIU Sheng-guo.1997.Structural features of major fault zones in the southwest depression in Tarim basin and their control on oil accumulation[J].XJPG,18(3):201-207(in Chinese with English abstract).
JIN Zhi-jun,WANG Qing-chen.2004.New advancement in re-search of China’s typical superimposed basins and reservoiring(part I):classification and research methods of superimposed basins[J].Science in China(Ser.D),34(supplementⅠ):112-117(in Chinese with English abstract).
KANG Yu-zhu.1996.Features of petroleum geology and evaluation of resources in Tarim basin,China[M].Beijing:Geology Pub-lishing House(in Chinese).
LEI Zhen-yu,DU She-kuan,ZHANG Chao-jun.2004.A compari-son of the basins in western China with Those in central Asia and the Oil-Gas exploration potential of western China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,25(1):67-72(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
LEI Zhen-yu,HE Deng-fa,ZHANG Chao-jun.2001.Oil and gas exploration prospects of the analogous foreland basins in cen-tral and west China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,22(2):169-174(in Chinese with English abstract).
LUO Jin-hai,HE Deng-fa.1999.Tectonic characteristic of foreland thrust belt in HeTian section north margin of west Kunlun[J].Oil and Gas Geology,20(3):237-241(in Chinese with English abstract).
MU Zhong-hai,XIAO You-jun,WANG Guo-lin,TANG Yong,CUI Bing-fu.2001.Oil and gas potential of carboniferous strata in southwestern Tarim basin viewed from Lithofacies-Paleo-ge-ography[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,22(1):79-84(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Cheng-shan,DING Xue-lin.1998.New progress of the study on Himalaya up-lift and its sedimentary response[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,17(1):1-7(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Shi-hu,XU Xi-kun,SONG Guo-qi.2001.Tectonic features of the forland obduction zone in the HeTian sag of the south-west Tarim depression[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,23(4):378-383(in Chinese with English abstract).
XIANG Kui.2006.Transpressional structural systems and their petroleum geological significance in southwestern margin of Tarim basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,8(2):233-239(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHOU Xin-yuan,LUO Jin-hai,WANG Qing-hua.2004.Structural and petroleum features of the thrust belts on the south margin of Tarim basin[J].Science in China(Ser.D),34(sup):56-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈新安,张兴林,屈秋平,周洪清.1999.塔西南山前构造特征及含油气前景[J].新疆石油地质,20(6):468-472.
丁孝忠,郭宪璞,彭阳,纪云龙,李喜臣,张韬,刘丽军,王易农.2002.新疆塔里木盆地白垩纪—第三纪层序地层学研究[J].地球学报,23(3):243-248.
何登发.1994.塔里木盆地新生代构造演化与油气聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,21(3):1-8.
胡建中,谭应佳,张平,张艳秋.2008.塔里木盆地西南缘山前带逆冲推覆构造特征[J].地学前缘,15(2):222-231.
胡望水,陈毓遂,肖安成,刘学锋,刘生国.1997.塔西南坳陷主要断裂带构造特征及其控油作用[J].新疆石油地质,18(3):201-207.
金之钧,王清晨.2004.中国典型叠合盆地与油气成藏研究新进展[J].中国科学(D辑),34(增刊Ⅰ):112-117.
康玉柱.1996.中国塔里木盆地石油地质特征及资源评价[M].北京:地质出版社.
雷振宇,杜社宽,张朝军.2004.中亚地区与中国西部盆地类比及其油气勘探潜力[J].地球学报,25(1):67-72.
雷振宇,何登发,张朝军.2001.中国中西部类前陆盆地与典型前陆盆地类比及其油气勘探前景[J].地球学报,22(2):169-174.
罗金海,何登发.1999.西昆仑北缘冲断带和田段的构造特征[J].石油与天然气地质,20(3):237-241.
牟中海,肖又军,王国林,唐勇,崔炳富.2001.从岩相古地理论塔里木盆地西南地区石炭系油气潜景[J].地球学报,22(1):79-84.
王成善,丁学林.1998.喜马拉雅的隆升及其沉积反应研究新进展[J].地质科技情报,17(1):1-7.
王世虎,徐希坤,宋国奇.2001.塔西南坳陷和田凹陷前陆逆冲带构造特征[J].石油实验地质,23(4):378-383.
向奎.2006.塔里木盆地西南边缘压扭构造体系及其石油地质意义[J].古地理学报,8(2):233-239.
周新源,罗金海,王清华.2004.塔里木盆地南缘冲断带构造特征及其油气地质特征[J].中国科学(D辑),34(增刊Ⅰ):56-62.
CHEN Jie,YIN Jin-hui,QU Guo-sheng,ZHANG Ke-qi.2000.Timing,lower boundary,genesis and deformation of XIYU formation around the western margins of the Tarim basin[J].seismology and geology,22(supplement):104-116(in Chinese with English abstract).
CHEN Xin’an,ZHANG Xing-lin,QU Qiu-ping,ZHOU Hong-qing.1999.The character and hydrocarbon potential of piedmont structures in southwestern Tarim basin[J].XJPG,20(6):468-472(in Chinese with English abstract).
DING Xiao-zhong,GUO Xian-pu,PENG Yang,JI Yun-long,LI Xi-chen,ZHANG Tao,LIU Li-jun,WANG Yi-nong.2002.A study of the Cretaceous-Tertiary sequence stratigraphy of Tarim basin,Xinjiang[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,23(3):243-248(in Chinese with English abstract).
HE Deng-fa.1994.Cenozoic tectonic evolution and oil-gas accu-mulation in Tarim basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and De-velopment,21(3):1-8(in Chinese with English abstract).
HU Jian-zhong,TAN Ying-jia,ZHANG Ping,ZHANG Yan-qiu.2008.Structural features of Cenozoic thrust-fault belts in the piedmont of southwestern Tarim basin[J].Earth Science Fron-tiers,15(2):222-231(in Chinese with English abstract).
HU Wang-shui,CHEN Yu-sui,XIAO An-cheng,LIU Xue-feng,LIU Sheng-guo.1997.Structural features of major fault zones in the southwest depression in Tarim basin and their control on oil accumulation[J].XJPG,18(3):201-207(in Chinese with English abstract).
JIN Zhi-jun,WANG Qing-chen.2004.New advancement in re-search of China’s typical superimposed basins and reservoiring(part I):classification and research methods of superimposed basins[J].Science in China(Ser.D),34(supplementⅠ):112-117(in Chinese with English abstract).
KANG Yu-zhu.1996.Features of petroleum geology and evaluation of resources in Tarim basin,China[M].Beijing:Geology Pub-lishing House(in Chinese).
LEI Zhen-yu,DU She-kuan,ZHANG Chao-jun.2004.A compari-son of the basins in western China with Those in central Asia and the Oil-Gas exploration potential of western China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,25(1):67-72(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
LEI Zhen-yu,HE Deng-fa,ZHANG Chao-jun.2001.Oil and gas exploration prospects of the analogous foreland basins in cen-tral and west China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,22(2):169-174(in Chinese with English abstract).
LUO Jin-hai,HE Deng-fa.1999.Tectonic characteristic of foreland thrust belt in HeTian section north margin of west Kunlun[J].Oil and Gas Geology,20(3):237-241(in Chinese with English abstract).
MU Zhong-hai,XIAO You-jun,WANG Guo-lin,TANG Yong,CUI Bing-fu.2001.Oil and gas potential of carboniferous strata in southwestern Tarim basin viewed from Lithofacies-Paleo-ge-ography[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,22(1):79-84(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Cheng-shan,DING Xue-lin.1998.New progress of the study on Himalaya up-lift and its sedimentary response[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,17(1):1-7(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Shi-hu,XU Xi-kun,SONG Guo-qi.2001.Tectonic features of the forland obduction zone in the HeTian sag of the south-west Tarim depression[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,23(4):378-383(in Chinese with English abstract).
XIANG Kui.2006.Transpressional structural systems and their petroleum geological significance in southwestern margin of Tarim basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,8(2):233-239(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHOU Xin-yuan,LUO Jin-hai,WANG Qing-hua.2004.Structural and petroleum features of the thrust belts on the south margin of Tarim basin[J].Science in China(Ser.D),34(sup):56-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
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