阿姆河盆地侏罗系成藏组合地质特征及勘探潜力
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摘要
侏罗系成藏组合是中亚地区阿姆河盆地最重要的成藏组合。通过对岩相古地理、烃源岩、储层、盖层和油气成藏过程以及模式的分析,认为该成藏组合的成藏主控因素主要包括以下几个方面:①广泛分布、已经大范围进入生气窗的优质侏罗系烃源岩为该成藏组合内油气聚集提供了雄厚的物质基础;②优质的上侏罗统储层为油气资源的聚集提供了良好的空间,尤其是生物礁建造,其储集性能优越;③厚层Gaurdak组蒸发岩盖层充当了该成藏组合的优质盖层,除基底断裂分布带外,油气不能穿越它发生垂向运移作用。该成藏组合内油气散失的原因主要是Gaurdak组蒸发岩盖层尖灭或受基底断层破坏而引起油气侧向运移和垂向运移。结论认为:未来的主要勘探潜力在该盆地深部现今由于地震资料品质问题而未能识别出的生物礁和位于油气运移路径上的深部构造,平面上的有利区为大型基底断裂的不发育带。
The Jurassic play is one of the most important plays in the Amu Darya Basin.Through an analysis of the lithofacies paleographic settings,source rocks,reservoirs,cap rocks,the model and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation,the main controlling factors of the Jurassic play are summarized in the following aspects:①The widely distributed and high quality Jurassic source rocks,most of which have been in the gas window,provide robust material foundation for hydrocarbon accumulation.②High grade Upper Jurassic reservoirs supply favorable space for hydrocarbon accumulation,especially the biohermal reservoir has superior reservoir performance.③The thick Gaurdak Formation evaporite cap rocks play such an important role in the gas play that oil and gas can not migrate vertically except through the basement fault zones.The loss of hydrocarbon in this play is mainly due to the pinch-out of Gaurdak evaporite cap rocks or the damage to the basement faults resulting in the parallel and vertical migration of hydrocarbons.The fact is that such hydrocarbon fields with the Cretaceous and its upper reservoirs are basically distributed nearby the basement fault zones and the pinched out area of Gaurdak evaporite rocks.It is analyzed that the future exploration potential is most probably targeted in the deep Amu Darya Basin,but at present the biohermal reservoirs and the deep structures situated on the route of hydrocarbon migration are still unidentified from poor seismic data,and the favorable exploration zone will be the undeveloped belt in the large-scale basement faults.
The Jurassic play is one of the most important plays in the Amu Darya Basin.Through an analysis of the lithofacies paleographic settings,source rocks,reservoirs,cap rocks,the model and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation,the main controlling factors of the Jurassic play are summarized in the following aspects:①The widely distributed and high quality Jurassic source rocks,most of which have been in the gas window,provide robust material foundation for hydrocarbon accumulation.②High grade Upper Jurassic reservoirs supply favorable space for hydrocarbon accumulation,especially the biohermal reservoir has superior reservoir performance.③The thick Gaurdak Formation evaporite cap rocks play such an important role in the gas play that oil and gas can not migrate vertically except through the basement fault zones.The loss of hydrocarbon in this play is mainly due to the pinch-out of Gaurdak evaporite cap rocks or the damage to the basement faults resulting in the parallel and vertical migration of hydrocarbons.The fact is that such hydrocarbon fields with the Cretaceous and its upper reservoirs are basically distributed nearby the basement fault zones and the pinched out area of Gaurdak evaporite rocks.It is analyzed that the future exploration potential is most probably targeted in the deep Amu Darya Basin,but at present the biohermal reservoirs and the deep structures situated on the route of hydrocarbon migration are still unidentified from poor seismic data,and the favorable exploration zone will be the undeveloped belt in the large-scale basement faults.
引文
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[2]YERMOLKIN VI.Zonality of oil and gas accumulation on platforms[M].Moscow:Nedra,1986:185.
[3]ALEKSEEV V P,BABAEV G A,SAFONOV B K,et al.Stratification and correlation of the Jurassic clastic se-quence of the Chardzhou step on well log data[J].Uzbek-skiy Geologicheskiy Zhurnal,1990(4):34-39.
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[9]KULESHOV A V,LGNATOVA V A.Present tempera-ture regi me of Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous rocks of the Amu-Darya basin as related to their oil and gas productivi-ty[C]∥Kleschev K A,Shein V S.Geology and geodynam-ics of petroleum basins of the USSR.Moscow:VNIGNI,1990:158-165.
[10]AKRAMKHODZHAEV A M,EGAMBERDYEV M E.Rocks of the Upper Jurassic Khodzhaipak Formation—Probable Central Asian analogs of the Bazhenov Forma-tion rocks[J].Geologiya Nefti i Gaza,1985(2):19-24.
[11]FORTUNATOVA N K.Genetic types and sedi mentologi-cal models of carbonate deposits[J].Sovetskaya Ge-ologiya,1985(1):32-45.
[12]NEVMIRICH L E,ALEKHIN S N,BATYROV S S,et al.Lithofacies and geochemical characteristics of carbon-ate rocks of basinal facies in eastern Turkmenistan:Iz-vestiya Akademii Nauk Turkmenistana[J].Seriya Fiziko-Matematicheskikh,Tekhnicheskikh,Khi micheskikhi Geo-logicheskikh Nauk,1996(5):63-71.
[13]ULMISHEK G F.Petroleumgeology and resources of theAmu-Darya Basin,Turkmenistan,Uzbekistan,Afghani-stan,and Iran[R].U.S.Geological Survey Bulletin2201-H,2004:5-38.
[14]IBRAGI MOV A G,IVANOV E V.Genesis of abnormally high formation pressurein Upper Jurassic carbonate rocks of the northern Amu-Darya basin[J].Geologiya Nefti i Gaza,1984(1):15-19.
[15]KORSUN V V,KUSHNIROV V V.Relationship be-tween the phase composition of pools and trap types in Upper Jurassic rocks of southwestern Uzbekistan[J].Ge-ologiya Nefti i Gaza,1986(7):52-57.
[16]LLUIN V D,FORTUNATOVA N K.Methods of predic-tion and explorationfor hydrocarbon-productive reef com-plexes[M].Moscow:Nedra,1988:2001.
[17]KHUDAYKULIEV K.Main characteristics of the Upper Jurassic evaporite formation and its role in prognosis of buried reefs in the Amu-Darya basin[C]∥Yanshin A L,Merzlyakov G A.Newdata on geology of salt-bearing ba-sins of the Soviet Union.Moscow:Nauka,1986:101-115.
[18]AMANNIYAZOV K N.Paleogeography and useful miner-als of Upper Jurassic rocks inthe western areas of Central Asia[M].Ashkhabad,Turkmenistan:Ylym,1989:128.
[19]GAVRILCHEVA L G,PASHAEV MS.Geologic frame-work of Upper Jurassic rocks and extension of seismic re-flectors in the Amu-Darya Basin[J].Geologiya Nefti i Ga-za,1993(11):15-20.
[20]GABRIELYA NTS G A,DIKENSHTEYN G H,KAPUS-TINI N,et al.Regional geology of petroleum provinces of the USSR[M].Moscow:Nedra,1991:284.
[21]HEAFFORD A P,LOCHTMAN G S.Uzbek licensing round brings geology,potential intofocus[J].Oil and Gas Journal,1993,9:51-56.
[22]BABAEV A G.Oil and gas pools in Jurassic rocks of the Bukhara-Khiva petroleumregion[J].Otechestvennaya Ge-ologiya,1993(2):3-12.
[23]GORYUNOV E Y,LLYIN V D.Methodology of assess-ment of petroleum productivity of the barrier reef system in the Dengizkul area of the Amu-Darya Basin(Uzbeki-stan)[J].Geologiya Nefti i Gaza,1994(11):21-27.
[2]YERMOLKIN VI.Zonality of oil and gas accumulation on platforms[M].Moscow:Nedra,1986:185.
[3]ALEKSEEV V P,BABAEV G A,SAFONOV B K,et al.Stratification and correlation of the Jurassic clastic se-quence of the Chardzhou step on well log data[J].Uzbek-skiy Geologicheskiy Zhurnal,1990(4):34-39.
[4]MAKSI MOVS P,KLESHCHEV K A,SHEIN VS.Geol-ogy and geodynamics of petroleumregions of the southern USSR[M].Moscow:Nedra,1986:148.
[5]C&C.Field Evaluation Report—Kokdumalak Field[R].Hong Kong:C&C2002:1-31.
[6]OVODOV N E,PECHERNIKOV V V.Formation of gas fields in basins of the same genetic type but of different age[C]∥Trofi muk A A,Nesterov I I,Zhabrev I P.Regu-larities in distribution of hydrocarbon gases and associated components.Moscow:Nauka,1987:56-61.
[7]MAVYEV N C.Catagenesis of petroleum-bearing Mesozoic and upper Paleozoic formations of the southwestern Turan plate[M].Ashkhabad,Turkmenistan:Ylym,1986:218.
[8]POLYAKOVAI D.Regularities in accumulation of organic matter in ancient sedi mentary deposits[C]∥Kontorovich A E,Uspensky V A.Dispersed organic matter in sedi men-tary rocks and methods of its study.Novosibirsk.Russia:Institut Geologii i Geofiziki,Trudy,1977,334:42-55.
[9]KULESHOV A V,LGNATOVA V A.Present tempera-ture regi me of Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous rocks of the Amu-Darya basin as related to their oil and gas productivi-ty[C]∥Kleschev K A,Shein V S.Geology and geodynam-ics of petroleum basins of the USSR.Moscow:VNIGNI,1990:158-165.
[10]AKRAMKHODZHAEV A M,EGAMBERDYEV M E.Rocks of the Upper Jurassic Khodzhaipak Formation—Probable Central Asian analogs of the Bazhenov Forma-tion rocks[J].Geologiya Nefti i Gaza,1985(2):19-24.
[11]FORTUNATOVA N K.Genetic types and sedi mentologi-cal models of carbonate deposits[J].Sovetskaya Ge-ologiya,1985(1):32-45.
[12]NEVMIRICH L E,ALEKHIN S N,BATYROV S S,et al.Lithofacies and geochemical characteristics of carbon-ate rocks of basinal facies in eastern Turkmenistan:Iz-vestiya Akademii Nauk Turkmenistana[J].Seriya Fiziko-Matematicheskikh,Tekhnicheskikh,Khi micheskikhi Geo-logicheskikh Nauk,1996(5):63-71.
[13]ULMISHEK G F.Petroleumgeology and resources of theAmu-Darya Basin,Turkmenistan,Uzbekistan,Afghani-stan,and Iran[R].U.S.Geological Survey Bulletin2201-H,2004:5-38.
[14]IBRAGI MOV A G,IVANOV E V.Genesis of abnormally high formation pressurein Upper Jurassic carbonate rocks of the northern Amu-Darya basin[J].Geologiya Nefti i Gaza,1984(1):15-19.
[15]KORSUN V V,KUSHNIROV V V.Relationship be-tween the phase composition of pools and trap types in Upper Jurassic rocks of southwestern Uzbekistan[J].Ge-ologiya Nefti i Gaza,1986(7):52-57.
[16]LLUIN V D,FORTUNATOVA N K.Methods of predic-tion and explorationfor hydrocarbon-productive reef com-plexes[M].Moscow:Nedra,1988:2001.
[17]KHUDAYKULIEV K.Main characteristics of the Upper Jurassic evaporite formation and its role in prognosis of buried reefs in the Amu-Darya basin[C]∥Yanshin A L,Merzlyakov G A.Newdata on geology of salt-bearing ba-sins of the Soviet Union.Moscow:Nauka,1986:101-115.
[18]AMANNIYAZOV K N.Paleogeography and useful miner-als of Upper Jurassic rocks inthe western areas of Central Asia[M].Ashkhabad,Turkmenistan:Ylym,1989:128.
[19]GAVRILCHEVA L G,PASHAEV MS.Geologic frame-work of Upper Jurassic rocks and extension of seismic re-flectors in the Amu-Darya Basin[J].Geologiya Nefti i Ga-za,1993(11):15-20.
[20]GABRIELYA NTS G A,DIKENSHTEYN G H,KAPUS-TINI N,et al.Regional geology of petroleum provinces of the USSR[M].Moscow:Nedra,1991:284.
[21]HEAFFORD A P,LOCHTMAN G S.Uzbek licensing round brings geology,potential intofocus[J].Oil and Gas Journal,1993,9:51-56.
[22]BABAEV A G.Oil and gas pools in Jurassic rocks of the Bukhara-Khiva petroleumregion[J].Otechestvennaya Ge-ologiya,1993(2):3-12.
[23]GORYUNOV E Y,LLYIN V D.Methodology of assess-ment of petroleum productivity of the barrier reef system in the Dengizkul area of the Amu-Darya Basin(Uzbeki-stan)[J].Geologiya Nefti i Gaza,1994(11):21-27.
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