南海白云凹陷深水区渐新世-中新世陆架边缘三角洲形成及演化
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摘要
南海白云凹陷深水区渐新世-中新世沉积特征对深水油气勘探具有非常重要的意义,中新世发育的陆架边缘三角洲与南海陆坡深水沉积体系有特殊的三级"源-汇"响应关系.研究基于近期新钻井、精细三维地震资料解释,进一步揭示了陆架边缘三角洲的形成、演化,及其对陆坡深水重力流沉积形成的"源"控作用.渐新世该陆架边缘三角洲主要形成于层序低位期晚期,以三角洲前缘沉积为主,在陆架断阶坡折控制下呈"S"型向陆坡生长.中新世自外陆架到上陆坡的延伸空间内,沉积机理发生改变,由牵引流向重力流发生变化,在白云凹陷内形成陆坡复合水道、重力流沉积,并有东沙隆起的碳酸盐岩短轴物源耦合,形成双(多)物源控制的混合沉积.这种沉积演化特征受控于陆架边缘三角洲发育和陆架断阶坡折带的演化,形成陆架边缘三角洲和深水储集体特殊分布.因此,白云凹陷深水区油气勘探要注重陆架边缘三角洲形成、演化、分布及其与深水沉积体三级"源-汇"响应.
Sedimentary characteristics of Baiyun sag in Oligocene and Miocene play an important role in deep-water oil and gas exploration in South China Sea,among which there is a special three-order"source to sink"relationship between shelf-edge delta and slope sedimentary systems.Based on recent cores and exact 3Dseismic interpretation,we find out how shelf-edge delta formed and how it evolved,and we also find out that the"source"of the shelf-edge delta controled deep-water gravity flow.The shelf-edge delta generated in late of LST in Oligocene,and delta front is the main component,shelf-edge fault controled its development and delta progressed as"S".On the other hand,between outer shelf and upper slope the sedimentation mechanism changed from tractive current to gravity flow in Miocene.Slope complex channels and gravity flow settings accumulated in Baiyun sag,meanwhile,proximal carbonate rocks from Dongsha uplift blended,so clastic rocks and carbonate rocks mixed.This kind of sedimentary characteristic is controlled by the development of shelf-edge delta and shelf-edge fault,which dominates the distribution of shelf-edge delta and deep-water reservoirs.Therefore,we should pay more attention to formation,evolution and distribution of shelf-edge delta,and its three-order"source to sink"response to deep-water sediment in oil and gas exploration of Baiyun sag.
Sedimentary characteristics of Baiyun sag in Oligocene and Miocene play an important role in deep-water oil and gas exploration in South China Sea,among which there is a special three-order"source to sink"relationship between shelf-edge delta and slope sedimentary systems.Based on recent cores and exact 3Dseismic interpretation,we find out how shelf-edge delta formed and how it evolved,and we also find out that the"source"of the shelf-edge delta controled deep-water gravity flow.The shelf-edge delta generated in late of LST in Oligocene,and delta front is the main component,shelf-edge fault controled its development and delta progressed as"S".On the other hand,between outer shelf and upper slope the sedimentation mechanism changed from tractive current to gravity flow in Miocene.Slope complex channels and gravity flow settings accumulated in Baiyun sag,meanwhile,proximal carbonate rocks from Dongsha uplift blended,so clastic rocks and carbonate rocks mixed.This kind of sedimentary characteristic is controlled by the development of shelf-edge delta and shelf-edge fault,which dominates the distribution of shelf-edge delta and deep-water reservoirs.Therefore,we should pay more attention to formation,evolution and distribution of shelf-edge delta,and its three-order"source to sink"response to deep-water sediment in oil and gas exploration of Baiyun sag.
引文
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Covault,J.A.,Romans,B.W.,Graham,S.A.,2009.Outcropexpression of a continental-margin-scale shelf-edge deltafrom the Cretaceous Magallanes basin,Chile.Journal ofSedimentary Research,79(7):523-539.doi:10.2110/jsr.2009.053
Edwards,M.B.,1981.Upper wilcox rosita delta system ofSouth Texas:growth-faulted shelf-edge deltas.AAPGBulletin,65(1):54-73.
Guo,X.R.,Wu,Q.,Qiu,Y.,et al.,2006.Analysis of theshelf-margin delta in the south of Zengmu basin,SouthChina Sea.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,26(4):1-6(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,T.G.,Cao,Q.Y.,Li,A.C.,et al.,2003.Source to sink:sedimentation in the continental margins.Advance inEarth Sciences,18(5):713-721(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Mayall,M.J.,Yeilding,C.A.,Oldroyd,J.D.,et al.,1992.Facies in a shelf-edge delta:an example from the subsur-face of the Gulf of Mexico,Middle Pliocene,MississippiCanyon,Block109.AAPG Bulletin,76(4):435-448.
Meckel,L.D.,2003.Shelf margin deltas:the key to big re-serves.In:Roberts,H.H.,Rosen,N.C.,Fillon,R.H.,et al.,eds.,Shelf margin deltas and linked down slopepetroleum system:global significance and future explo-ration potential.Houston,Texas.
Pang,X.,Chen,C.M.,Peng,D.J.,et al.,2007a.Sequencestratigraphy of Pearl River deep-water fan system in theSouth China Sea.Earth Science Frontiers,14(1):220-229(in Chinese with English abstract).
Pang,X.,Chen,C.M.,Shao,L.,et al.,2007b.Baiyun move-ment:agreat tectonic event on the Oligocene-Mioceneboundary in the northern South China Sea and its impli-cations.Geological Review,53(2):145-151(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Pang,X.,Peng,D.J.,Chen,C.M.,et al.,2007c.Three hierar-chies“Source-Conduit-Sink”coupling analysis of the PearlRiver deep-water fan system.Acta Geologica Sinica,81(6):857-864(in Chinese with English abstract).
Petter,A.L.,Steel,R.J.,2006.Hyperpycnal flow variabilityand slope organization on an Eocene shelf margin,cen-tral basin,Spitsbergen.AAPG Bulletin,90(10):1451-1472.doi:10.1306/04240605144
Plink-Bjrklund,P.,Mellere,D.,Steel,R.J.,2001.Turbiditevariability and architecture of sand-prone,deepwaterslopes:eocene clinoforms in the Central basin,Spitsber-gen.Journal of Sedimentary Research,71(6):895-912.doi:10.1306/030501710895
Porebski,S.J.,Steel,R.J.,2001.Delta types and sea levelcycle.AAPG Annual Convention,June3-6,Denver,Colorado,12(10):A160.
Porebski,S.J.,Steel.R.J.,2003.Shelf-margin deltas:theirstratigraphic significance and relation to deepwatersands.Earth-Science Reviews,62(3-4):283-326.doi:10.1016/s0012-8252(02)00161-7
Porebski,S.J.,Steel,R.J.,2006.Deltas and sea-levelchange.Journal of Sedimentary Research,76(3):390-403.doi:10.2110/jsr.2006.034
Roberts,H.H.,Rosen,N.C.,Fillon,R.H.,et al.,2003.Shelf margin deltas and linked down slope petroleumsystems:global significance and future exploration po-tential.Houston,Texas.
Shao,L.,Pang,X.,Zhang,G.C.,et al.,2010.Late Oligo-cene tectonic event in the northern South China Sea andits implications.Earth Science—Journal of China Uni-versity of Geosciences,34(5):717-724(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Sun,L.T.,Sun,Z.,Zhan,W.H.,et al.,2009.Petroleum po-tential prediction of the Lile basin in Nansha.Earth Sci-ence—Journal of China University of Geosciences,35(1):137-145(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,Z.,Sun,L.T.,Zhou,D.,et al.,2009.Discussion on theSouth China Sea evolution and lithospheric breakupthrough3Danalogue modeling.Earth Science—Journalof China University of Geosciences,34(3):435-447(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sydow,J.,Roberts,H.H.,1994.Stratigraphic framework ofa Late Pleistocene shelf-edge delta,Northeast Gulf ofMexico.AAPG Bulletin,78(8):1276-1312.
Wu,Q.,Xie,X.N.,Jiang,T.,2005.Study situation of shelf-margin delta and its significance.Marine Geology Let-ters,21(3):1-5(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yao,B.C.,Wan,L.,Liu,Z.H.,2004.Tectonic dynamics ofCenozoic sedimentary basins and hydrocarbon resourcesin the South China Sea.Earth Science—Journal of Chi-na University of Geosciences,29(5):543-549(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Zhu,Y.H.,Zhu,W.L.,Xu,Q.,et al.,2009.Sedimentarycharacteristics and sequence framework of the Zhuhai-Zhujiang formation in the middle area of Pearl RiverMouth basin.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,29(4):77-83(in Chinese with English abstract).
郭秀蓉,武强,邱燕,等,2006.南海曾母盆地南部陆架边缘三角洲沉积特征.海洋地质与第四纪地质,26(4):1-6.
李铁刚,曹奇原,李安春,等,2003.从源到汇:大陆边缘的沉积作用.地学科学进展,18(5):713-721.
庞雄,陈长民,彭大钧,等,2007a.南海珠江深水扇系统的层序地层学研究.地学前缘,14(1):220-229.
庞雄,陈长民,邵磊,等,2007b.白云运动:南海北部渐新统-中新统重大地质事件及其意义.地质论评,53(2):145-151.
庞雄,彭大钧,陈长民,等,2007c.三级“源-渠-汇”耦合研究珠江深水扇系统.地质学报,81(6):857-864.
邵磊,庞雄,张功成,等,2009.南海北部渐新世末的构造事件.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,34(5):717-724.
孙龙涛,孙珍,詹文欢,等,2010.南沙海域礼乐盆地油气资源潜力.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,35(1):137-145.
孙珍,孙龙涛,周蒂,等,2009.南海岩石圈破裂方式与扩张过程的三维物理模拟.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,34(3):435-447.
武强,解习农,姜涛,2005.陆架边缘三角洲的研究现状及其意义.海洋地质动态,21(3):1-5.
姚伯初,万玲,刘振湖,2004.南海海域新生代沉积盆地构造演化的动力学特征及其油气资源.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,29(5):543-549.
祝彦贺,朱伟林,徐强,等,2009.珠江口盆地中部珠海组-珠江组层序结构及沉积特征.海洋地质与第四纪地质,29(4):77-83.
Covault,J.A.,Romans,B.W.,Graham,S.A.,2009.Outcropexpression of a continental-margin-scale shelf-edge deltafrom the Cretaceous Magallanes basin,Chile.Journal ofSedimentary Research,79(7):523-539.doi:10.2110/jsr.2009.053
Edwards,M.B.,1981.Upper wilcox rosita delta system ofSouth Texas:growth-faulted shelf-edge deltas.AAPGBulletin,65(1):54-73.
Guo,X.R.,Wu,Q.,Qiu,Y.,et al.,2006.Analysis of theshelf-margin delta in the south of Zengmu basin,SouthChina Sea.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,26(4):1-6(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,T.G.,Cao,Q.Y.,Li,A.C.,et al.,2003.Source to sink:sedimentation in the continental margins.Advance inEarth Sciences,18(5):713-721(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Mayall,M.J.,Yeilding,C.A.,Oldroyd,J.D.,et al.,1992.Facies in a shelf-edge delta:an example from the subsur-face of the Gulf of Mexico,Middle Pliocene,MississippiCanyon,Block109.AAPG Bulletin,76(4):435-448.
Meckel,L.D.,2003.Shelf margin deltas:the key to big re-serves.In:Roberts,H.H.,Rosen,N.C.,Fillon,R.H.,et al.,eds.,Shelf margin deltas and linked down slopepetroleum system:global significance and future explo-ration potential.Houston,Texas.
Pang,X.,Chen,C.M.,Peng,D.J.,et al.,2007a.Sequencestratigraphy of Pearl River deep-water fan system in theSouth China Sea.Earth Science Frontiers,14(1):220-229(in Chinese with English abstract).
Pang,X.,Chen,C.M.,Shao,L.,et al.,2007b.Baiyun move-ment:agreat tectonic event on the Oligocene-Mioceneboundary in the northern South China Sea and its impli-cations.Geological Review,53(2):145-151(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Pang,X.,Peng,D.J.,Chen,C.M.,et al.,2007c.Three hierar-chies“Source-Conduit-Sink”coupling analysis of the PearlRiver deep-water fan system.Acta Geologica Sinica,81(6):857-864(in Chinese with English abstract).
Petter,A.L.,Steel,R.J.,2006.Hyperpycnal flow variabilityand slope organization on an Eocene shelf margin,cen-tral basin,Spitsbergen.AAPG Bulletin,90(10):1451-1472.doi:10.1306/04240605144
Plink-Bjrklund,P.,Mellere,D.,Steel,R.J.,2001.Turbiditevariability and architecture of sand-prone,deepwaterslopes:eocene clinoforms in the Central basin,Spitsber-gen.Journal of Sedimentary Research,71(6):895-912.doi:10.1306/030501710895
Porebski,S.J.,Steel,R.J.,2001.Delta types and sea levelcycle.AAPG Annual Convention,June3-6,Denver,Colorado,12(10):A160.
Porebski,S.J.,Steel.R.J.,2003.Shelf-margin deltas:theirstratigraphic significance and relation to deepwatersands.Earth-Science Reviews,62(3-4):283-326.doi:10.1016/s0012-8252(02)00161-7
Porebski,S.J.,Steel,R.J.,2006.Deltas and sea-levelchange.Journal of Sedimentary Research,76(3):390-403.doi:10.2110/jsr.2006.034
Roberts,H.H.,Rosen,N.C.,Fillon,R.H.,et al.,2003.Shelf margin deltas and linked down slope petroleumsystems:global significance and future exploration po-tential.Houston,Texas.
Shao,L.,Pang,X.,Zhang,G.C.,et al.,2010.Late Oligo-cene tectonic event in the northern South China Sea andits implications.Earth Science—Journal of China Uni-versity of Geosciences,34(5):717-724(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Sun,L.T.,Sun,Z.,Zhan,W.H.,et al.,2009.Petroleum po-tential prediction of the Lile basin in Nansha.Earth Sci-ence—Journal of China University of Geosciences,35(1):137-145(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,Z.,Sun,L.T.,Zhou,D.,et al.,2009.Discussion on theSouth China Sea evolution and lithospheric breakupthrough3Danalogue modeling.Earth Science—Journalof China University of Geosciences,34(3):435-447(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sydow,J.,Roberts,H.H.,1994.Stratigraphic framework ofa Late Pleistocene shelf-edge delta,Northeast Gulf ofMexico.AAPG Bulletin,78(8):1276-1312.
Wu,Q.,Xie,X.N.,Jiang,T.,2005.Study situation of shelf-margin delta and its significance.Marine Geology Let-ters,21(3):1-5(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yao,B.C.,Wan,L.,Liu,Z.H.,2004.Tectonic dynamics ofCenozoic sedimentary basins and hydrocarbon resourcesin the South China Sea.Earth Science—Journal of Chi-na University of Geosciences,29(5):543-549(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Zhu,Y.H.,Zhu,W.L.,Xu,Q.,et al.,2009.Sedimentarycharacteristics and sequence framework of the Zhuhai-Zhujiang formation in the middle area of Pearl RiverMouth basin.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,29(4):77-83(in Chinese with English abstract).
郭秀蓉,武强,邱燕,等,2006.南海曾母盆地南部陆架边缘三角洲沉积特征.海洋地质与第四纪地质,26(4):1-6.
李铁刚,曹奇原,李安春,等,2003.从源到汇:大陆边缘的沉积作用.地学科学进展,18(5):713-721.
庞雄,陈长民,彭大钧,等,2007a.南海珠江深水扇系统的层序地层学研究.地学前缘,14(1):220-229.
庞雄,陈长民,邵磊,等,2007b.白云运动:南海北部渐新统-中新统重大地质事件及其意义.地质论评,53(2):145-151.
庞雄,彭大钧,陈长民,等,2007c.三级“源-渠-汇”耦合研究珠江深水扇系统.地质学报,81(6):857-864.
邵磊,庞雄,张功成,等,2009.南海北部渐新世末的构造事件.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,34(5):717-724.
孙龙涛,孙珍,詹文欢,等,2010.南沙海域礼乐盆地油气资源潜力.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,35(1):137-145.
孙珍,孙龙涛,周蒂,等,2009.南海岩石圈破裂方式与扩张过程的三维物理模拟.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,34(3):435-447.
武强,解习农,姜涛,2005.陆架边缘三角洲的研究现状及其意义.海洋地质动态,21(3):1-5.
姚伯初,万玲,刘振湖,2004.南海海域新生代沉积盆地构造演化的动力学特征及其油气资源.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,29(5):543-549.
祝彦贺,朱伟林,徐强,等,2009.珠江口盆地中部珠海组-珠江组层序结构及沉积特征.海洋地质与第四纪地质,29(4):77-83.
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