复杂近地表结构的再认识
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摘要
静校正问题影响着地震波成像和构造解释的精度,国内几十年的静校正研究历程表明,复杂的近地表结构是影响地震勘探静校正量的重要因素。为此,从用近地表速度模型模拟复杂近地表结构、近地表结构底界的界定、复杂近地表结构的历史变迁研究入手,逐渐形成了一套成熟的静校正办法,即用层析反演近地表速度模型、模拟近地表结构,通过速度模型和初至时间计算长、短波长的静校正量,从而消除复杂近地表结构对地震勘探成果的影响。
The problem of static correction influences the accuracy of seismic imaging and structure interpretation.An overview on the research of static correction over the last several decades shows that complex near-surface structure is an important factor influencing the value of static correction.Based on a modeling of complex near-surface structure with the near-surface velocity model,a delineation of the bottom boundary of near-surface structure and a study of the evolution of complex near-surface structure,a set of static correction methods are developed,including tomographic inversion of near-surface velocity model for simulating near-surface structure,and calculation of static correction of long and short wavelengths by use of the velocity model and first arrival.These methods can eliminate the negative influences of complex near-surface structures on seismic exploration.
The problem of static correction influences the accuracy of seismic imaging and structure interpretation.An overview on the research of static correction over the last several decades shows that complex near-surface structure is an important factor influencing the value of static correction.Based on a modeling of complex near-surface structure with the near-surface velocity model,a delineation of the bottom boundary of near-surface structure and a study of the evolution of complex near-surface structure,a set of static correction methods are developed,including tomographic inversion of near-surface velocity model for simulating near-surface structure,and calculation of static correction of long and short wavelengths by use of the velocity model and first arrival.These methods can eliminate the negative influences of complex near-surface structures on seismic exploration.
引文
[1]田希泰.谱分解地表异常补偿方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1984,19(5):31-44.
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[3]钟德盈.近地表模型静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,1992,27(4):27-36.
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[5]张文生,何樵登.约束走时层析成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(1):68-79.
[6]戴云,张建中.长波长静校正问题的一种解决方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(3):48-58.
[7]李家康,余钦范.近地表速度的约束层析反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(2):135-140.
[8]夏竹,张少华,王学军.中国西部复杂地区近地表特征与表层结构探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):414-424.
[9]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:49.
[10]李庆忠.河道解释中的陷阱[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(3):336-341.
[2]杨宝林,田希泰.用近地表模拟实现静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,1988,23(5):57-63.
[3]钟德盈.近地表模型静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,1992,27(4):27-36.
[4]刘振宽,吴永刚,刘英杰.近地表层地震层析成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(3):294-301.
[5]张文生,何樵登.约束走时层析成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(1):68-79.
[6]戴云,张建中.长波长静校正问题的一种解决方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(3):48-58.
[7]李家康,余钦范.近地表速度的约束层析反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(2):135-140.
[8]夏竹,张少华,王学军.中国西部复杂地区近地表特征与表层结构探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):414-424.
[9]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:49.
[10]李庆忠.河道解释中的陷阱[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(3):336-341.
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