基于数据一致性原理预测与压制自由表面多次波的效果分析
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摘要
本文基于数据一致性预测与压制自由表面多次波方法原理,研制了迭代自适应压制多次波方法,用于模型数据和海洋实际地震数据的多次波压制处理。模型试算和实际海洋地震数据处理结果表明,与现有的常规多次波消除方法相比,此方法收敛速度快,并能很好地保持有效波能量。在应用此法时,要特别注意以下几点:①基于数据一致性原理,通过时间—空间域褶积预测自由表面多次波,多次波预测算子可以是含多次波的原始数据,也可利用已部分消除多次波的数据(如抛物线拉东变换滤波方法压制多次波后的数据),这样能更快地获得较好的多次波压制效果;②在一定简化条件下,预测与压制自由表面多次波可表达为一个线性最小平方反演的过程,实现过程是一个迭代自适应过程,只需要很少的几次迭代就能获得较好的多次波压制效果;③对于地下地层结构非常复杂时的多次波压制,文中方法在更有效地压制各种自由表面相关多次波的同时,还可以压制部分层间多次波,同时也能更好地保持一次波有效能量。
Based on the principle of method for data-consistent prediction and suppression of free-surface multiple,the paper studied the method of iterative adaptive multiple suppression used for the multiple-suppressed processing of model data and practical offshore seismic data. The model test and practical offshore seismic data processing showed that in comparison with conventional multiple-eliminated method,the method is characterized by rapid convergence and better keeping the energy of effective waves. It should pay special attention to the following points when using the method:first,based on data-consistent principle and for the predicted free-surface multiple by conversion in time-space domain,the predictive operator of multiple can use the raw data containing the multiple,also can use the data partially eliminating multiple (for example,the multiple-suppressed data by hyperbolic Radon transform filtering method),which is able to gain better multiple-suppressed results; second,in a certain simplified condition,the prediction and suppression of free-surface multiple can be expressed as linear mean-square inversion process,and the implemental process is iterative adaptive process,the better multiple-suppressed results is able to be gained only from a few of iterations; third,for the multiple suppression of complex underground bed structure,the method given in the paper can also suppress the interbed multiple while effectively suppressing various free-surface-relative multiple,better keeping the energy of primary reflections.
Based on the principle of method for data-consistent prediction and suppression of free-surface multiple,the paper studied the method of iterative adaptive multiple suppression used for the multiple-suppressed processing of model data and practical offshore seismic data. The model test and practical offshore seismic data processing showed that in comparison with conventional multiple-eliminated method,the method is characterized by rapid convergence and better keeping the energy of effective waves. It should pay special attention to the following points when using the method:first,based on data-consistent principle and for the predicted free-surface multiple by conversion in time-space domain,the predictive operator of multiple can use the raw data containing the multiple,also can use the data partially eliminating multiple (for example,the multiple-suppressed data by hyperbolic Radon transform filtering method),which is able to gain better multiple-suppressed results; second,in a certain simplified condition,the prediction and suppression of free-surface multiple can be expressed as linear mean-square inversion process,and the implemental process is iterative adaptive process,the better multiple-suppressed results is able to be gained only from a few of iterations; third,for the multiple suppression of complex underground bed structure,the method given in the paper can also suppress the interbed multiple while effectively suppressing various free-surface-relative multiple,better keeping the energy of primary reflections.
引文
[1]黄新武,孙春岩,牛滨华等.基于数据一致性预测与压制自由表面多次波———理论研究与模型试验.地球物理学报,2005,48(1):173～180
[2]牛滨华,沈操,黄新武.波动方程多次波压制技术的进展.地球物理学进展,2002,17(3):480～485
[3]牛滨华,沈操,黄新武等.波动方程压制多次波的技术方法.地学前缘,2002,9(2):511～517
[4]Dragoset W Hand Jericevic Z.Some remarks on sur-face multiple attenuation.Geophysics,1998,63:772～789
[5]Weglein A B.Multiple attenuation:an overviewof recent advances andthe road ahead.The Leading Edge,1999,18(1):40～44
[6]胡天跃,王润秋,White R E.地震资料处理中的聚束滤波方法.地球物理学报,2000,43(1):105～115
[7]Zhou B and Greenhalgh S A.Wave-equation extrapo-lation-based multiple attenuation:2-Dfiltering in the f-kdomain.Geophysics,1994,59:1377～1391
[8]Wiggins J W.A demonstration of long-period multi-ple attenuation by wave extrapolation.Expanded Ab-stracts of55th SEG Mtg,1985
[9]Berkhout A J.Seismic Migration:Imaging of A-coustic Energy by Wavefield Extrapolation(third e-dition).AE Amsterdam:Elsevier Science Publ Co,1985
[10]Berkhout AJ and Verschuur DJ.Esti mation of mul-tiple scattering by iterative inversion,part I:Theo-retical considerations.Geophysics,1997,62:1586～1595
[11]Verschuur DJ and Berkhout AJ.Esti mation of mul-tiple scattering by iterative inversion,part II:Practi-cal aspects and examples.Geophysics,1997,62:1596～1611
[12]Verschuur D J,Berkhout AJ and Wapenaar C P A.Adaptive surface-related multiple eli mination.Geo-physics,1992,57:1166～1177
[13]Ikelle L,Amundsen L,Gangi Aand Wyatt S B.Kirch-hoff scattering series:Insight into the multiple attenu-ation method.Geophysics,2003,68(1):16～28
[14]Ikelle L,Amundsen Land Yoo S.An opti mization of the inverse scattering multiple attenuation method for OBS and VC data.Geophysics,2002,67:1293～1303
[15]Weglein A B,Gasparotto F A,Carvalho P M and Stolt R H.Aninverse-scattering series method for at-tenuating multiples in seismic reflection data.Geo-physics,1997,62:1975～1989
[16]Weglein A B,Carvalho P Mand Stolt R H.Nonlin-ear inverse scattering for multiple suppression:Ap-plication to real data.Expanded Abstracts of62nd SEG Mtg,1992,1093～1095
[17]Anstey N Aand Newman P.The sectional auto-correlo-gram and the sectional retro-correlogram.Geophys Prosp,1966,14:389～426
[18]Riley D C and Claerbout J F.2-D multiple reflections.Geophysics,1976,41:592～620
[19]Kennett B L N.The suppression of surface multiples on seismic records.Geophys Prosp,1979,27:584～600
[20]黄新武,吴律,牛滨华.基于抛物线拉东变换的地震道重构.中国矿业大学学报,2003,32(5):534～539
[2]牛滨华,沈操,黄新武.波动方程多次波压制技术的进展.地球物理学进展,2002,17(3):480～485
[3]牛滨华,沈操,黄新武等.波动方程压制多次波的技术方法.地学前缘,2002,9(2):511～517
[4]Dragoset W Hand Jericevic Z.Some remarks on sur-face multiple attenuation.Geophysics,1998,63:772～789
[5]Weglein A B.Multiple attenuation:an overviewof recent advances andthe road ahead.The Leading Edge,1999,18(1):40～44
[6]胡天跃,王润秋,White R E.地震资料处理中的聚束滤波方法.地球物理学报,2000,43(1):105～115
[7]Zhou B and Greenhalgh S A.Wave-equation extrapo-lation-based multiple attenuation:2-Dfiltering in the f-kdomain.Geophysics,1994,59:1377～1391
[8]Wiggins J W.A demonstration of long-period multi-ple attenuation by wave extrapolation.Expanded Ab-stracts of55th SEG Mtg,1985
[9]Berkhout A J.Seismic Migration:Imaging of A-coustic Energy by Wavefield Extrapolation(third e-dition).AE Amsterdam:Elsevier Science Publ Co,1985
[10]Berkhout AJ and Verschuur DJ.Esti mation of mul-tiple scattering by iterative inversion,part I:Theo-retical considerations.Geophysics,1997,62:1586～1595
[11]Verschuur DJ and Berkhout AJ.Esti mation of mul-tiple scattering by iterative inversion,part II:Practi-cal aspects and examples.Geophysics,1997,62:1596～1611
[12]Verschuur D J,Berkhout AJ and Wapenaar C P A.Adaptive surface-related multiple eli mination.Geo-physics,1992,57:1166～1177
[13]Ikelle L,Amundsen L,Gangi Aand Wyatt S B.Kirch-hoff scattering series:Insight into the multiple attenu-ation method.Geophysics,2003,68(1):16～28
[14]Ikelle L,Amundsen Land Yoo S.An opti mization of the inverse scattering multiple attenuation method for OBS and VC data.Geophysics,2002,67:1293～1303
[15]Weglein A B,Gasparotto F A,Carvalho P M and Stolt R H.Aninverse-scattering series method for at-tenuating multiples in seismic reflection data.Geo-physics,1997,62:1975～1989
[16]Weglein A B,Carvalho P Mand Stolt R H.Nonlin-ear inverse scattering for multiple suppression:Ap-plication to real data.Expanded Abstracts of62nd SEG Mtg,1992,1093～1095
[17]Anstey N Aand Newman P.The sectional auto-correlo-gram and the sectional retro-correlogram.Geophys Prosp,1966,14:389～426
[18]Riley D C and Claerbout J F.2-D multiple reflections.Geophysics,1976,41:592～620
[19]Kennett B L N.The suppression of surface multiples on seismic records.Geophys Prosp,1979,27:584～600
[20]黄新武,吴律,牛滨华.基于抛物线拉东变换的地震道重构.中国矿业大学学报,2003,32(5):534～539
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