塔里木盆地塔中地区上奥陶统古构造应力场模拟与裂缝分布预测
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摘要
塔里木盆地塔中地区上奥陶统良里塔格组碳酸盐岩构造裂缝是区内油气显示十分活跃的有效储集空间,其发育和分布主要受古构造应力场的控制。依据塔中地区上奥陶统地震资料的断裂构造解释和钻井、测井裂缝特征分析等成果,在声发射地应力测量、岩石力学参数和单轴抗拉强度测试的基础上,考虑断裂对裂缝形成的影响,采用三维有限元法对塔中地区上奥陶统加里东中期Ⅱ幕裂缝形成期的古构造应力场进行了数值模拟,预测了裂缝的分布。结果表明,裂缝形成期地应力最大主应力有效值为47.9～58.3MPa,平均值为51.97MPa,抗张强度为5.13～6.91MPa,平均值为5.81MPa。有效张应力的高值区是构造裂缝发育的有利地区,主要分布在塔中东部大的断裂带交会处和断裂带的部分区段内,与实际钻井统计的上奥陶统高裂缝线密度和油气井分布区基本吻合,可以为研究区的油气勘探提供新的地质依据。
The structural fractures in the Upper Ordovician Lianglitage Formation in Tazhong area,which has active hydrocarbon show,is effective reservoir space for hydrocarbon accumulation.Fracture reservoir is controlled by paleo structural stress field.Based on the faults systems interpreted from seismic data,fractures characteristics from drilling and logging data,carbonate reservoirs are studied from acoustic emission,stress measurement,rock mechanics parameters and uniaxial tensile test.Considering the influence of faults on the fracture forming,3-D finite element method is applied to simulate the period II Middle Caledonian paleo structural stress field in the Tazhong area and predict the distribution of fractures.The simulation result shows that during fracturing the maximum major stress effective value range from 47.9 to 58.3MPa,with average 51.97 MPa,tensile strength ranging from 5.13～6.91MPa,with average 5.81MPa.High value area of effective tensile stress is the favorable area for structural fractured reservoirs development,most distributed in the interchange area of fracturing belts and part section of fractured zone in the east of Tazhong area,coinciding with the Ordovician fracture-developed zone defined by fracture linear density statistic date from actual drilling,which provides new geological evidences for the Lower-Middle Ordovician carbonate rock prospecting and exploitation.
The structural fractures in the Upper Ordovician Lianglitage Formation in Tazhong area,which has active hydrocarbon show,is effective reservoir space for hydrocarbon accumulation.Fracture reservoir is controlled by paleo structural stress field.Based on the faults systems interpreted from seismic data,fractures characteristics from drilling and logging data,carbonate reservoirs are studied from acoustic emission,stress measurement,rock mechanics parameters and uniaxial tensile test.Considering the influence of faults on the fracture forming,3-D finite element method is applied to simulate the period II Middle Caledonian paleo structural stress field in the Tazhong area and predict the distribution of fractures.The simulation result shows that during fracturing the maximum major stress effective value range from 47.9 to 58.3MPa,with average 51.97 MPa,tensile strength ranging from 5.13～6.91MPa,with average 5.81MPa.High value area of effective tensile stress is the favorable area for structural fractured reservoirs development,most distributed in the interchange area of fracturing belts and part section of fractured zone in the east of Tazhong area,coinciding with the Ordovician fracture-developed zone defined by fracture linear density statistic date from actual drilling,which provides new geological evidences for the Lower-Middle Ordovician carbonate rock prospecting and exploitation.
引文
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[2]刘延莉,樊太亮,薛艳梅,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区中、上奥陶统生物礁滩特征及储集体预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(5):562-565.
[3]赵明,樊太亮,于炳松,等.塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层裂缝发育特征及主控因素[J].现代地质,2009,23(4):700-718.
[4]邬光辉,李建军,杨栓荣,等.塔里木盆地中部地区奥陶纪碳酸盐岩裂缝与断裂的分形特征[J].地质科学,2002,37(增刊):51-56.
[5]邬光辉,李建军,卢玉红.塔中Ⅰ号断裂带奥陶系灰岩裂缝特征探讨[J].石油学报,1999,20(4):19-24.
[6]李志明,张金珠.地应力与油气勘探开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:138-140.
[7]王喜双,李晋超,王绍民,等.塔里木盆地构造应力场与油气聚集[J].石油学报,1997,18(1):23-27.
[8]宋慧珍,贾承造,欧阳建,等.裂缝储层研究理论与方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:288-304.
[9]秦启荣,张烈辉,邓辉,等.古构造应力量值确定及其在构造地质建模中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3979-3983.
[10]丁文龙,林畅松,漆立新,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起构造格架及形成演化[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):242-252.
[11]谭成轩,王连捷,孙宝珊.含油气盆地三维构造应力场数值模拟方法[J].地质力学学报,1997,3(1):71-80.
[12]魏国齐,贾承造,宋惠珍,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系构造-沉积模式与碳酸盐岩裂缝储层预测[J].沉积学报,2000,18(3):408-413.
[13]张帆,贺振华,黄德济,等.预测裂隙发育带的构造应力场数值模拟技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(2):154-163.
[14]唐湘蓉,李晶.构造应力场有限元数值模拟在裂缝预测中的应用[J].特种油气藏,2005,12(2):25-29.
[15]丁原辰.声发射法古应力测量问题讨论[J].地质力学学报,2000,6(2):45-52.
[16]孙宝珊,丁原辰,邵兆刚,等.声发射法测量古今应力在油田的应用[J].地质力学学报,1996,2(2):11-17.
[17]丁原辰,张大伦.声发射抹录不净现象在地应力测量中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(4):331-326.
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