新疆北部石炭系火山岩风化壳有效储层特征及分布规律
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摘要
利用露头、岩心、测井、地震、分析化验等资料对新疆北部石炭系火山岩风化壳进行了综合研究,建立了利用风化指数识别风化壳结构的模型。火山岩风化壳具有土壤层、水解带、溶蚀带、崩解带和母岩5层结构,其中溶蚀带、崩解带储层物性最好。火山岩风化壳储层孔隙喉道半径分布概率呈现出双峰特征;储集空间类型主要包括溶蚀孔隙型、孔隙-裂缝型、裂缝型和洞缝型4类,其中溶蚀孔隙是其主要储集空间,裂缝是其主要的渗流空间。在断裂不发育处火山岩风化壳有效储层厚度可达510m,在断裂发育处有效储层可深至风化面之下1 100m。火山岩风化壳储层主要分布于古地貌高部位、斜坡带和低部位的断裂发育处,其形成受控于古地貌、断裂和风化淋滤时间。
Volcanic weathering crust has been considered as a kind of significant reservoirs,its genetic conditions,characteristics,types and distribution patterns currently become an advanced research topic of reservoirs.Through comprehensive research of volcanic outcrops,cores,logs,seismic and laboratory analyses of the Carboniferous in northern Xinjiang,a five-layer structural complex of volcanic weathering crust was proposed,namely soil layer,hydrolysis belt,corrosion belt,disintegration belt and parent rock.A weathering index model to identify weathering crust structures was then built.Reservoir properties of the corrosion and disintegration belts were recognized to be the best of the five-layer structures.Pore throat radius probability of the volcanic weathering crust showed a bimodal distribution.Chiefly,4 types of reservoir space,including corroded pore,pore-fracture,fracture and cavity,were identified,of which corroded pores dominated the reservoir space and fractures controlled the main seepage space.In the whole volcanic weathering crust,the thickness of effective reservoir rocks in fault-undeveloped places could reach to 510m,while that in fault-developed places stretched downward to 1100m.The formation of five-layer structures of reservoir rocks was controlled by paleogeomorphology,fault,weathering and leaching time.These rocks were mainly distributed in high parts of paleogeomorphology,slope belts and low-lying parts of fault-developed places.These conclusions have not only enriched the volcanic reservoir theory,but also instructed the exploration and well depth design,which have expanded exploration targets of the Kelameili Oilfield and Niudong Oilfield.Meanwhile,the theory is of great scientific significance and application in focusing oil and gas exploration on volcanic weathered crust.
Volcanic weathering crust has been considered as a kind of significant reservoirs,its genetic conditions,characteristics,types and distribution patterns currently become an advanced research topic of reservoirs.Through comprehensive research of volcanic outcrops,cores,logs,seismic and laboratory analyses of the Carboniferous in northern Xinjiang,a five-layer structural complex of volcanic weathering crust was proposed,namely soil layer,hydrolysis belt,corrosion belt,disintegration belt and parent rock.A weathering index model to identify weathering crust structures was then built.Reservoir properties of the corrosion and disintegration belts were recognized to be the best of the five-layer structures.Pore throat radius probability of the volcanic weathering crust showed a bimodal distribution.Chiefly,4 types of reservoir space,including corroded pore,pore-fracture,fracture and cavity,were identified,of which corroded pores dominated the reservoir space and fractures controlled the main seepage space.In the whole volcanic weathering crust,the thickness of effective reservoir rocks in fault-undeveloped places could reach to 510m,while that in fault-developed places stretched downward to 1100m.The formation of five-layer structures of reservoir rocks was controlled by paleogeomorphology,fault,weathering and leaching time.These rocks were mainly distributed in high parts of paleogeomorphology,slope belts and low-lying parts of fault-developed places.These conclusions have not only enriched the volcanic reservoir theory,but also instructed the exploration and well depth design,which have expanded exploration targets of the Kelameili Oilfield and Niudong Oilfield.Meanwhile,the theory is of great scientific significance and application in focusing oil and gas exploration on volcanic weathered crust.
引文
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[26]黄薇,邵红梅,赵海玲,等.松辽盆地北部徐深气田营城组火山岩储层特征[J].石油学报,2006,27(Supplement):47-51.Huang Wei,Shao Hongmei,Zhao Hailing,et al.Characteristicsof Yingcheng Formation’s volcanic reservoir in Xushen Gas Fieldin northern Songliao Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(Supplement):47-51.
[27]李军,薛培华,张爱卿,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘中段石炭系火山岩油藏储层特征及其控制因素[J].石油学报,2008,29(3):329-334.Li Jun,Xue Peihua,Zhang Aiqing,et al.Characteristics and con-trolling factors of Carboniferous volcanic reservoir in the middlesection of the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,2008,29(3):329-334.
[28]庞彦明,毕晓明,邵锐,等.火山岩气藏早期开发特征及其控制因素[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):882-886.Pang Yanming,Bi Xiaoming,Shao Rui,et al.Early-stage devel-opment characteristics of volcanic gas reservoirs and its control-ling factors[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(6):882-886.
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[2]刘嘉麒,孟凡超.火山作用与油气成藏[J].天然气工业,2009,29(8):1-4.Liu Jiaqi,Meng Fanchao.Hydrocarbon generation,migration andaccumulation related to igneous activity[J].Natural Gas Indus-try,2009,29(8):1-4.
[3]Einsele G.Sedimentary basins:Evolution,facies and sediment budget[M].2nd ed.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2000.
[4]Schutter S R.Occurrences of hydrocarbons in and around igneousrocks[G].London:Geological Society Special Publications No.214,2003:35-68.
[5]姜洪福,师永民,张玉广,等.全球火山岩油气资源前景分析[J].资源与产业,2009,11(3):20-22.Jiang Hongfu,Shi Yongmin,Zhang Yuguang,et al.Potential ofglobal volcanics-hosted oil-gas resources[J].Resources&Indus-tries,2009,11(3):20-22.
[6]Bergman S C,Talbot J P,Thompson P R.The Kora Miocene sub-marine andesite stratovolcano hydrocarbon reservoir,northern Tar-anaki Basin,New Zealand:New Zealand Oil Exploration Confer-ence Proceedings[G].Wellington:Ministry of Commerce,1992:178-206.
[7]Luo Jinglan,Zhang Chengli,Qu Zhihao.Volcanic reservoir rocks:A case study of the Cretaceous Fenghuadian suite,Huanghua Ba-sin,Eastern China[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1999,22(4):397-415.
[8]赵文智,邹才能,李建忠,等.中国陆上东、西部地区火山岩成藏比较研究与意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):1-11.Zhao Wenzhi,Zou Caineng,Li Jianzhong,et al.Comparativestudy on volcanic hydrocarbon accumulations in western andeastern China and its significance[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2009,36(1):1-11.
[9]Petford N,McCaffrey K J W.Hydrocarbons in crystalline rocks[G].London:Geological Society Special Publications No.214,2003:69-81.
[10]邱隆伟,姜在兴,熊志东,等.辽河盆地东部凹陷火山岩油藏类型及成藏条件研究[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(4):390-394.Qiu Longwei,Jiang Zaixing,Xiong Zhidong,et al.Study of vol-canic reservoirs in the Eastern depression of the Liaohe basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2003,25(4):390-394.
[11]张洪,罗群,于兴河.欧北—大湾地区火山岩储层成因机制的研究[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2002,27(6):763-766.Zhang Hong,Luo Qun,Yu Xinghe.An origin study on lava res-ervoir in Oubei-Dawan area[J].Earth Science:Journal of ChinaUniversity of Geosciences,2002,27(6):763-766.
[12]陈庆春,朱东亚,胡文?,等.试论火山岩储层的类型及其成因特征[J].地质论评,2003,49(3):286-291.Chen Qingchun,Zhu Dongya,Hu Wenxuan,et al.Classificationand characteristics of oil and gas reservoir beds of volcanic rocks[J].Geological Review,2003,49(3):286-291.
[13]康玉柱.新疆两大盆地石炭—二叠系火山岩特征与油气[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(4):321-327.Kang Yuzhu.Characteristics of the Carboniferous-Permian vol-canic rocks and hydrocarbon accumulations in two great bas-ins,Xinjiang area[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2008,30(4):321-327.
[14]冯子辉,邵红梅,童英.松辽盆地庆深气田深层火山岩储集层控制因素研究[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):760-768.Feng Zihui,Shao Hongmei,Tong Ying.Controlling factors ofvolcanic gas reservoir property in Qingshen Gas Field,SongliaoBasin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(6):760-768.
[15]Li C Q,Pang Y M,Chen H L,et al.Gas charging history of theYingcheng Formation igneous reservoir in the Xujiaweizi rift,Songliao Basin,China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2006,89(1/2/3):210-213.
[16]吴昌志,顾连兴,任作伟,等.中国东部中、新生代含油气盆地火成岩油气藏成藏机制[J].地质学报,2005,79(4):522-530.Wu Changzhi,Gu Lianxing,Ren Zuowei,et al.Formation mecha-nism of hydrocarbon reservoirs related to igneous rocks in Meso-zoic-Cenozoic basin,Eastern China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2005,79(4):522-530.
[17]Chen Z Y,Li J S,Zhang G,et al.Relationship between Tertiaryvolcanic rocks and hydrocarbons in the Liaohe basin,People’sRepublic of China[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(6):1004-1014.
[18]侯连华,邹才能,匡立春,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘克—百断裂带石炭系油气成藏控制因素新认识[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):513-517.Hou Lianhua,Zou Caineng,Kuang Lichun,et al.Discussion oncontrolling factors for Carboniferous hydrocarbon accumulationin the Ke-Bai fractured zone of the northwestern margin in Jung-gar Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(4):513-517.
[19]李锦轶,何国琦,徐新,等.新疆北部及邻区地壳构造格架及其形成过程的初步探讨[J].地质学报,2006,80(1):148-165.Li Jinyi,He Guoqi,Xu Xin,et al.Crustal tectonic framework ofNorthern Xinjiang and adjacent regions and its formation[J].Ac-ta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(1):148-165.
[20]王方正,杨梅珍,郑建平.准噶尔盆地陆梁地区基底火山岩的岩石地球化学及其构造环境[J].岩石学报,2002,18(1):9-16.Wang Fangzheng,Yang Meizhen,Zheng Jianping.Geochemicalcharacteristics and geological environment of basement volcanicrocks in Luliang,central region in Junggar basin[J].Acta Petro-logica Sinica,2002,18(1):9-16.
[21]吴小奇,刘德良,魏国齐,等.准噶尔盆地陆东—五彩湾地区石炭系火山岩地球化学特征及其构造背景[J].岩石学报,2009,25(1):55-66.Wu Xiaoqi,Liu Deliang,Wei Guoqi,et al.Geochemical character-istics and tectonic settings of Carboniferous volcanic rocks fromLudong-Wucaiwan area,Junggar basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sini-ca,2009,25(1):55-66.
[22]王京彬,徐新.新疆北部后碰撞构造演化与成矿[J].地质学报,2006,80(1):23-30.Wang Jingbin,Xu Xin.Post-collisional tectonic evolution andmetallogenesis in Northern Xinjiang,China[J].Acta GeologicaSinica,2006,80(1):23-30.
[23]徐学义,李向民,马中平,等.北天山巴音沟蛇绿岩形成于早石炭世:来自辉长岩LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄的证据[J].地质学报,2006,80(8):1168-1176.Xu Xueyi,Li Xiangmin,Ma Zhongping,et al.LA-ICPMS zirconU-Pb dating of gabbro from the Bayingou ophiolite in the North-ern Tianshan Mountains[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(8):1168-1176.
[24]肖文交,Windley B F,阎全人,等.北疆地区阿尔曼太蛇绿岩锆石SHRIMP年龄及其大地构造意义[J].地质学报,2006,80(1):32-37.Xiao Wenjiao,Windley B F,Yan Quanren,et al.SHRIMP zirconage of the Aermantai ophiolite in the North Xinjiang area,Chinaand its tectonic implications[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(1):32-37.
[25]王仁冲,徐怀民,邵雨,等.准噶尔盆地陆东地区石炭系火山岩储层特征[J].石油学报,2008,29(3):350-355.Wang Renchong,Xu Huaimin,Shao Yu,et al.Reservoir charac-teristics of Carboniferous volcanic rocks in Ludong area of Jung-gar Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(3):350-355.
[26]黄薇,邵红梅,赵海玲,等.松辽盆地北部徐深气田营城组火山岩储层特征[J].石油学报,2006,27(Supplement):47-51.Huang Wei,Shao Hongmei,Zhao Hailing,et al.Characteristicsof Yingcheng Formation’s volcanic reservoir in Xushen Gas Fieldin northern Songliao Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(Supplement):47-51.
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