四川盆地须家河组层序地层格架及沉积体系分布规律探讨
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摘要
不同学者针对四川盆地上三叠统地层特征及沉积演化规律从不同角度进行了诸多研究,但各自获得的地质认识却存在一定的差异。为此,在地表露头和钻测井资料分析、地震层序分析的基础上,将四川盆地须家河组划分为2个超长期基准面旋回层序,为须上盆、须下盆2大成盆期的沉积响应;盆地周缘造山旋回变化是控制2大成盆期砂体分布的主导因素,纵向上总体具阶梯状分布特征,由坳陷中心向周边逐层超覆并阶梯状退积。须家河组主要为陆相河湖三角洲沉积体系,主要发育冲积扇—冲积平原—曲流河或辫状河三角洲—湖泊和冲积扇—扇三角洲—湖泊沉积体系模式。须下盆沉积体系受西低东高大型缓坡古地貌特征控制,总体具有不对称分布特点,湖盆中心位于川西坳陷中南段;前陆造山对须上盆沉积体系分布具有明显的控制作用,沉积体系呈近于对称的环带状分布,前陆隆起及湖盆东移,湖盆走向明显的受古龙门山控制。
Many researchers have studied the stratigraphic features and sedimentary evolution patterns of the Triassic reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin.However,certain differences exist in their achieved geological understandings in this study area.Based on an analysis of outcrops,drilling and logging data,and seismic sequence,two super-long-term base level cycles are recognized in the Xujiahe Formation of the Sichuan Basin,which correspond to the sedimentary responses during the 2 basin-forming stages,i.e.the Late and the Early Xujiahe.The change of an orogenic cycle in the periphery of the basin is the major factor controlling the distribution of sandbodies deposited during these 2 basin-forming stages.Vertically,the sandbodies show step-like distribution,overlapping layers and retrograding step-wise outwards from the center of depression.The Xujiahe Formation is dominated by continental fluvial-and lake-delta sedimentary systems.The main sedimentary system models are alluvial fan-alluvial plain-meandering river/braided-river delta-lacustrine and alluvial fan-fan delta-lacustrine.The Early Xujiahe sedimentary system is controlled by a large ramp low in the west and high in the east and is asymmetrical as a whole,with the center of the lake basin occurring at the south segment of the western Sichuan depression.In contrast,the Late Xujiahe sedimentary system is significantly controlled by the foreland orogeny.It shows nearly symmetrical ring distribution.The eastward migration of the lake basin is due to the uplifting of the foreland and its trend is obviously controlled by the Longmenshan Mountain.
Many researchers have studied the stratigraphic features and sedimentary evolution patterns of the Triassic reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin.However,certain differences exist in their achieved geological understandings in this study area.Based on an analysis of outcrops,drilling and logging data,and seismic sequence,two super-long-term base level cycles are recognized in the Xujiahe Formation of the Sichuan Basin,which correspond to the sedimentary responses during the 2 basin-forming stages,i.e.the Late and the Early Xujiahe.The change of an orogenic cycle in the periphery of the basin is the major factor controlling the distribution of sandbodies deposited during these 2 basin-forming stages.Vertically,the sandbodies show step-like distribution,overlapping layers and retrograding step-wise outwards from the center of depression.The Xujiahe Formation is dominated by continental fluvial-and lake-delta sedimentary systems.The main sedimentary system models are alluvial fan-alluvial plain-meandering river/braided-river delta-lacustrine and alluvial fan-fan delta-lacustrine.The Early Xujiahe sedimentary system is controlled by a large ramp low in the west and high in the east and is asymmetrical as a whole,with the center of the lake basin occurring at the south segment of the western Sichuan depression.In contrast,the Late Xujiahe sedimentary system is significantly controlled by the foreland orogeny.It shows nearly symmetrical ring distribution.The eastward migration of the lake basin is due to the uplifting of the foreland and its trend is obviously controlled by the Longmenshan Mountain.
引文
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[8]何鲤,李梅,熊亮,等.再谈四川盆地上三叠统层序地层划分方案[J].天然气工业,2011,31(6):28-33.
[9]侯方浩,蒋裕强,方少仙,等.四川盆地上三叠统香溪组二段和四段砂岩沉积模式[J].石油学报,2005,26(2):30-37.
[10]赵霞飞,吕宗刚,张闻林,等.四川盆地安岳地区须家河组——近海潮汐沉积[J].天然气工业,2008,28(4):14-18.
[11]罗启后.水进河床充填砂体在古代沉积中的发现——四川盆地中西部上三叠统某些砂体的成因探讨并试论水进型三角洲[J].沉积学报,1983,1(3):63-72.
[12]高红灿,郑荣才,叶泰然,等.德阳须家河组四段沉积相特征和砂体分布规律[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2007,27(2):66-73.
[2]郑荣才,彭军,吴朝容.陆相盆地基准面旋回的级次划分和研究意义[J].沉积学报,2001,19(2):249-255.
[3]王金琪.安县构造运动[J].石油与天然气地质,1990,11(3):223-234.
[4]叶泰然,郑荣才.川西坳陷须二段层序地层特征及储层预测[J].天然气工业,2004,24(11):45-48.
[5]郑荣才,朱如凯,翟文亮,等.川西类前陆盆地晚三叠世须家河期构造演化及层序充填样式[J].中国地质,2008,35(2):246-255.
[6]郑荣才,李国晖,雷光明,等.四川盆地须家河组层序分析与地层对比[J].天然气工业,2011,31(6):12-20.
[7]罗启后.安县运动对四川盆地中西部上三叠统地层划分与油气勘探的意义[J].天然气工业,2011,31(6):21-27.
[8]何鲤,李梅,熊亮,等.再谈四川盆地上三叠统层序地层划分方案[J].天然气工业,2011,31(6):28-33.
[9]侯方浩,蒋裕强,方少仙,等.四川盆地上三叠统香溪组二段和四段砂岩沉积模式[J].石油学报,2005,26(2):30-37.
[10]赵霞飞,吕宗刚,张闻林,等.四川盆地安岳地区须家河组——近海潮汐沉积[J].天然气工业,2008,28(4):14-18.
[11]罗启后.水进河床充填砂体在古代沉积中的发现——四川盆地中西部上三叠统某些砂体的成因探讨并试论水进型三角洲[J].沉积学报,1983,1(3):63-72.
[12]高红灿,郑荣才,叶泰然,等.德阳须家河组四段沉积相特征和砂体分布规律[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2007,27(2):66-73.
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