塔里木盆地巴楚隆起区构造-热演化历史研究
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摘要
巴楚隆起是塔里木盆地重要勘探地区之一,其构造-热演化史制约着该区烃的生成、运移及聚集.本文在恢复巴楚地区4条地震解释剖面沉积埋藏史的基础上,通过求解热传导方程,计算了它们的构造-热演化历史.计算过程中首先利用"回剥"法,确定莫霍面处的热流值,再利用地壳重力均衡原理,求得各时期的莫霍面埋深,最终确定盆地基底热流和地表热流.结果表明,该地区构造-热演化可以划分为7个阶段,其中三叠纪热演化阶段地温梯度及地表热流达到最高值,分别为32℃/km和73.6 mW/m~2,而现今地温梯度及地表热流值最低,分别为20℃/km和46.4 mW/m~2.计算得出的现今地表热流密度值略大于实测值,分析认为主要由于中新世以来,巴楚隆起区侧向热扩散加快了地表热流的衰减所致.最后在模拟基础上,探讨了生热率、热导率对盆地热演化的影响.
Bachu uplift is one of the major oil prospect areas in Tarim basin.Its tectono-thermal evolution significantly influence hydrocarbons formation, migration and accumulation.In this paper, we reveal the burial histories of four seismic profiles spanning Bachu uplift and present the tectono-thermal history of this region by solving two-dimensional heat conduction equation. During the simulation, we calculate the average heat flow value at Moho surface by using "back tripping" method.Then we employ the principle of isostatics to compute the burial depths of Moho surface during geological period, finally we calculate the basal and surface heat flow of the basin.The numerical results show that the tectono-thermal history of this region can be divided into seven stages.The maximum of the geothermal gradient and heat flow appeared in Triassic period with the value of 32 ℃/km and 73.6 mW/m~2 respectively, and the minimum of them appears now, the values are 20 ℃/km and 46.4 mW/m~2 respectively.Because of lateral thermal diffusion since the Miocene Epoch, the average heat flow value of the calculation is slightly greater than actual value.At last, we discuss the influence of thermal conductivity and heat generation on thermal evolution of a basin.
Bachu uplift is one of the major oil prospect areas in Tarim basin.Its tectono-thermal evolution significantly influence hydrocarbons formation, migration and accumulation.In this paper, we reveal the burial histories of four seismic profiles spanning Bachu uplift and present the tectono-thermal history of this region by solving two-dimensional heat conduction equation. During the simulation, we calculate the average heat flow value at Moho surface by using "back tripping" method.Then we employ the principle of isostatics to compute the burial depths of Moho surface during geological period, finally we calculate the basal and surface heat flow of the basin.The numerical results show that the tectono-thermal history of this region can be divided into seven stages.The maximum of the geothermal gradient and heat flow appeared in Triassic period with the value of 32 ℃/km and 73.6 mW/m~2 respectively, and the minimum of them appears now, the values are 20 ℃/km and 46.4 mW/m~2 respectively.Because of lateral thermal diffusion since the Miocene Epoch, the average heat flow value of the calculation is slightly greater than actual value.At last, we discuss the influence of thermal conductivity and heat generation on thermal evolution of a basin.
引文
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[12] 李慧莉,邱楠生,金之钧.塔里木盆地的热史.石油与天然气地质,2005,26(5) :613～617 Li H L,Qiu N S,Jin Z J.Thermal history of Tarim basin.Oil & Gas Geology(in Chinese),2005,26(5) :613～617
[13] 刘绍文,王良书,李成等.塔里木北缘岩石圈热-流变结构及其地球动力学意义.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(9) :852～863 Liu S W,Wang L S,Li C,et al.Lithospheric thermorheological structure and geodynamic significances on the north margin of Tarim basin.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2003,33(9) :852～863
[14] 刘绍文,王良书,李 成等.塔里木盆地岩石圈热-流变学结构和新生代热体制.地质学报,2006,80(3) :344～350 Liu S W,Wang L S,Li C,et al.Lithospheric thermorheological structure and Cenozoic thermal regime in the Tarim basin,northwest China.Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,80(3) :344～350
[15] Dahlstrom C D A.Balanced CROSS sections.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,1969,6(4) :743～757
[16] Depaor D G.Balanced section in thrust belts.AAPG,1988,72(1) :73～90
[17] 陈伟,卢华复,施央申.平衡剖面计算机模拟及其应用.北京:科学出版社,1993 Chen W,Lu H F,Shi Y S.Computer Simulation and Applications of Balanced Cross-Section(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1993
[18] Wygrala B P.Integrated study of an oil field in the southern Po Basin,northern Italy.Berichte der Kernforschungsanlege Julich,1989,2313:217
[19] 方大钧.塔里木盆地显生宙古地磁与板块运动学.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006 Fang D J.Phanerozoic Palaeomagnetic and Plate Motion of Tarim Basin(in Chinese).Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press,2006
[20] 汪集旸,汪缉安.辽河裂谷盆地地幔热流.地球物理学报,1986,29(5) :450～458 Wang J Y,Wang J A.Mantle heat flow of Liaohe rifted basin in north China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1986,29(5) :450～458
[21] 吴冲龙,李星,刘刚等.盆地地热场模拟的若干问题探讨.石油实验地质,1 999,21(1) :1～6 Wu C L,Li X,Liu G,et al.Study on some important problems of geothermal field simulation of basins.Experimental Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),1999,21(1) :1～6
[22] 石广仁.油气盆地数值模拟方法(第三版).北京:石油工业出版社,2004． 18～55 Shi G R.Numerical Simulation Methods of Oil and Gas Bearing Basin(Third Edition)(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004． 18～55
[23] 彭聪.中国西部布格重力异常特征和地壳密度结构.地球学报,2005,26(5) :417～422 Peng C.Bouguer anomalies and crustal density structure in western China.Acta Geoscientica Sinica(in Chinese),2005,26(5) :417～422
[24] 冯锐.中国地壳厚度及上地幔密度分布(三维重力反演结果).地震学报,1985,7(2) :143～157 Feng R.Crustal thickness and densities in the upper mantle beneath China-the result of three dimensional gravity inversion.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1985,7(2) :143～157
[25] 邵学钟,张家茹.塔里木盆地深部构造的地震转换波探测结果.地球物理学报,1994,37(6) :836 Shao X Z,Zhang J R.Preliminary results of study of deep structures in Tarim basin by the method of converted waves of earthquakes.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(6) :836
[26] 王良书,李成,杨春.塔里木盆地岩石层热结构特征.地球物理学报,1996,39(6) :794～803 Wang L S,Li C,Yang C.Lithospheric thermal structural characteristics of Tarim basin.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(6) :794～803
[2] 贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征.北京:石油工业出版社,1997． 205～289 Jia C Z.Structural Feature in Tarim Basin(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997． 205～289
[3] 贾承造.塔里木盆地板块构造与大陆动力学.北京:石油工业出版社,2004 Jia C Z.Plate Tectonic and Continental Dynamics of Tarim Basin(in Chinese).Beiiing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004
[4] 何登发,贾承造,李德生等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化.石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1) :64～76 He D F,Jia C Z,Li D S,et al.Formation and evolution of polycyclic superimposed Tarim Basin.Oil & Gas Geology(in Chinese),2005,26(1) :64～76
[5] 何登发,李德生.塔里木盆地构造演化与油气聚集.北京:地质出版社,1 996． 1～85 He D F,Li D S.Tectonic Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Tarim Basin(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996． 1～85
[6] 汤良杰,贾承造.塔里木叠合盆地构造解析和应力场分析. 北京:科学出版社,2007 Tang L J,Jia C Z.Structural and Stress Field Analysis of Superimposed Tarim Basin(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2007
[7] 汤良杰.塔里木盆地演化和构造样式.北京:地质出版社,1996． 1～113 Tang L J.Evolution and Tectonic Patterns of Tarim Basin(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996． 1～113
[8] 王良书,李成,施央申.塔里木盆地大地热流密度分布特征.地球物理学报,1995,38(6) :855～856 Wang L S,Li C,Shi Y S.Distribution of terrestrial heat flow density in Tarim basin.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1995,38(6) :855～856
[9] 王钧,汪缉安,沈继英等.塔里木盆地的大地热流.地球科学,1995,20(4) :399～404 Wang J,Wang J A,Shen J Y,et al.Terrestrial heat flow in Tarim basin.Earth Science(in Chinese),1995,20(4) :399～404
[10] 李成,王良书,郭随平等.塔里木盆地热演化.石油学报,2005,21(3) :13～17 Li C,Wang L S,Guo S P,et al.Thermal evolution in Tarim basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),2005,21(3) :13～17
[11] 邱楠生,胡圣标,何丽娟.沉积盆地热体制研究的理论与应用.北京:石油工业出版社,2004． 122～132 Qiu N S,Hu S B,He L J.Heat Regime Theory and Application of Sedimentary Basin(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004． 122～132
[12] 李慧莉,邱楠生,金之钧.塔里木盆地的热史.石油与天然气地质,2005,26(5) :613～617 Li H L,Qiu N S,Jin Z J.Thermal history of Tarim basin.Oil & Gas Geology(in Chinese),2005,26(5) :613～617
[13] 刘绍文,王良书,李成等.塔里木北缘岩石圈热-流变结构及其地球动力学意义.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(9) :852～863 Liu S W,Wang L S,Li C,et al.Lithospheric thermorheological structure and geodynamic significances on the north margin of Tarim basin.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2003,33(9) :852～863
[14] 刘绍文,王良书,李 成等.塔里木盆地岩石圈热-流变学结构和新生代热体制.地质学报,2006,80(3) :344～350 Liu S W,Wang L S,Li C,et al.Lithospheric thermorheological structure and Cenozoic thermal regime in the Tarim basin,northwest China.Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,80(3) :344～350
[15] Dahlstrom C D A.Balanced CROSS sections.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,1969,6(4) :743～757
[16] Depaor D G.Balanced section in thrust belts.AAPG,1988,72(1) :73～90
[17] 陈伟,卢华复,施央申.平衡剖面计算机模拟及其应用.北京:科学出版社,1993 Chen W,Lu H F,Shi Y S.Computer Simulation and Applications of Balanced Cross-Section(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1993
[18] Wygrala B P.Integrated study of an oil field in the southern Po Basin,northern Italy.Berichte der Kernforschungsanlege Julich,1989,2313:217
[19] 方大钧.塔里木盆地显生宙古地磁与板块运动学.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006 Fang D J.Phanerozoic Palaeomagnetic and Plate Motion of Tarim Basin(in Chinese).Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press,2006
[20] 汪集旸,汪缉安.辽河裂谷盆地地幔热流.地球物理学报,1986,29(5) :450～458 Wang J Y,Wang J A.Mantle heat flow of Liaohe rifted basin in north China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1986,29(5) :450～458
[21] 吴冲龙,李星,刘刚等.盆地地热场模拟的若干问题探讨.石油实验地质,1 999,21(1) :1～6 Wu C L,Li X,Liu G,et al.Study on some important problems of geothermal field simulation of basins.Experimental Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),1999,21(1) :1～6
[22] 石广仁.油气盆地数值模拟方法(第三版).北京:石油工业出版社,2004． 18～55 Shi G R.Numerical Simulation Methods of Oil and Gas Bearing Basin(Third Edition)(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004． 18～55
[23] 彭聪.中国西部布格重力异常特征和地壳密度结构.地球学报,2005,26(5) :417～422 Peng C.Bouguer anomalies and crustal density structure in western China.Acta Geoscientica Sinica(in Chinese),2005,26(5) :417～422
[24] 冯锐.中国地壳厚度及上地幔密度分布(三维重力反演结果).地震学报,1985,7(2) :143～157 Feng R.Crustal thickness and densities in the upper mantle beneath China-the result of three dimensional gravity inversion.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1985,7(2) :143～157
[25] 邵学钟,张家茹.塔里木盆地深部构造的地震转换波探测结果.地球物理学报,1994,37(6) :836 Shao X Z,Zhang J R.Preliminary results of study of deep structures in Tarim basin by the method of converted waves of earthquakes.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(6) :836
[26] 王良书,李成,杨春.塔里木盆地岩石层热结构特征.地球物理学报,1996,39(6) :794～803 Wang L S,Li C,Yang C.Lithospheric thermal structural characteristics of Tarim basin.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(6) :794～803
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