汶川地震灾害特征与建筑物震害原因讨论
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摘要
汶川Ms8.0地震产生了强烈的地表破裂变形,并引发了大量的山体滑坡、岩石崩塌等次生地质灾害,造成了严重的建筑物破坏与人员伤亡。在实地调查汶川地震地表破裂、地震次生地质灾害以及大量建筑物破坏情况的基础上,本文分析了汶川地震灾害特征;讨论了汶川地震灾区建筑物的破坏和分布情况与汶川地震发震断裂的关系。依据现行建筑物的抗震设防要求与建筑抗震设计规范,从建筑物选址、建筑抗震设计及建筑施工等方面,对汶川地震灾害中的典型建筑物破坏案例及其原因进行分析讨论,并提出相应的防御措施,可为建筑物的抗震设防工程提供经验与依据。
Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake produced strong surface rupture and deformation,induced plenty of landslide and bedrock collapse,etc,and brought about serious buildings damage and casualties.In this paper,Wenchuan Earthquake surface rupture,secondary geological disasters and a large number of buildings damage are investigated on-site.Characteristics of Wenchuan Earthquake disasters are analysed,and relationship between buildings destruction and its distribution in disaster area and the seismogenic fault of Wenchuan Earthquake is discussed.According to seismic protection and the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings,typical buildings damage and its causes are studied and discussed from buildings location,seismic design,buildings construction and other aspects.It is suggested that corresponding measures which can provide experience and basis for seismic protection of buildings.
Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake produced strong surface rupture and deformation,induced plenty of landslide and bedrock collapse,etc,and brought about serious buildings damage and casualties.In this paper,Wenchuan Earthquake surface rupture,secondary geological disasters and a large number of buildings damage are investigated on-site.Characteristics of Wenchuan Earthquake disasters are analysed,and relationship between buildings destruction and its distribution in disaster area and the seismogenic fault of Wenchuan Earthquake is discussed.According to seismic protection and the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings,typical buildings damage and its causes are studied and discussed from buildings location,seismic design,buildings construction and other aspects.It is suggested that corresponding measures which can provide experience and basis for seismic protection of buildings.
引文
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[2]徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597～629Xu Xi-wei,Wen Xue-ze,Ye Jian-qing,et al.The Ms 8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seis-mogenie structure[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):597～629(in Chinese)
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[7]李传友,叶建青,谢富仁,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带北川以北段的基本特征[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):683～696Li Chuan-you,Ye Jian-qing,Xie Fu-ren,et al.Characteristics of the surface rupture zone of the Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake,China along the segment north to Beichuan[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):683～696(in Chinese)
[8]Xu Xi-wei,Yu Gui-hua,Chen Gui-hua,et al.Parameters of Coseismic Reverse and Oblique-slip Surface Ruptures of the2008Wenchuan Earthquake,Eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,83(4):673～684
[9]周庆,徐锡伟,于贵华,等.汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带宽度调查[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):778～787Zhou Qing,Xu Xi-wei,Yu Gui-hua,et al.Investigation on widths of surface rupture zones of the M8.0Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan Province,China[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):778～787(in Chinese)
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[14]李志强,袁一凡,李晓丽,等.汶川Ms8.0特大地震破坏特征初步研究[J].地震地质,2008,30(4):855～876Li Zhi-qiang,Yuan Yi-fan,Li Xiao-li,et al.Preliminary Research on the Characteristics of the Ms8.0Wenchuan Earthquake Hazard[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(4):855～876(in Chinese)
[15]杨主恩,邓志辉,马文涛,等.汶川8级强震极震区破坏情况与烈度[J].地震地质,2008,30(2):349～354Yang Zhu-en,Deng Zhi-hui,Ma Wen-tao,et al.Some destruction and its seismic intensity in meizoseismal region of Wenchuan earthquake with magnitude8,Sichuan,China[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(2):349～354(in Chinese)
[16]徐锡伟,于贵华,马文涛,等.活断层地震地表破裂“避让带”宽度确定的依据与方法[J].地震地质,2002,24(4):470～483Xu Xi-wei,Yu Gui-hua,Ma Wen-tao,et al.Evidence and methods for determining the safety distance from the potential earthquake surface rupture on active fault[J].Seismology and Geology,2002,24(4):470～483(in Chinese)
[17]http://www.clr.cn/bao/read.asp-ID=135615[OL]
[18]李坪,杨美娥,赵东芝.对琼北地区防震减灾的几点建议[J].华南地震,2006,26(1):2～8Li Ping,Yang Mei-e,Zhang Dong-zhi.Some suggestions on earthquake preparedness and disaster reduction in Qiongbei region,Hainan Province[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2006,26(1):2～8(in Chinese)
[19]黄双华.从日本阪神地震论攀枝花市的城市抗震设防[J].擎枝花大学学报,1996,13(2):67～71Huang Shuang-hua.Discussion on Seismic Protection of Panzhihua City from Hanshin Earthquake in Japan[J].Journal of Panzhihua University,1996,13(2):67～71(in Chinese)
[20]GB50011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S]GB50011-2001,Code for seismic design of buildings[S](in Cinese)
[21]田文斌.建筑隔震与消能减震技术[J].电力学报,2002,17(4):265～267Tian Wen-bin.Seismic Base Isolation and Energy Dissipation Technique[J].Journal of Electric Power,2002,17(4):265～267(in Chinese)
[22]方海,李升玉,王曙光,等.高烈度区连续梁桥的减震设计方法研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(6):178～182Fang Hai,Li Sheng-yu,Wang Shu-guang,et al.Research on earthquake-reduction design method of continuous girder bridges in a high-intensity earthquake area[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(6):178～182(in Chinese)
[23]林新阳,周福霖.消能减震的基本原理和实际应用[J].世界地震工程,2002,18(3):48～51Lin Xin-yang,Zhou Fu-ling.Basic principles and practical application of energy dissipation[J].World Information on Earthquake Engineering,2002,18(3):48～51(in Chinese)
[2]徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597～629Xu Xi-wei,Wen Xue-ze,Ye Jian-qing,et al.The Ms 8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seis-mogenie structure[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):597～629(in Chinese)
[3]清华大学土木结构组,西南交通大学土木结构组,北京交通大学土木结构组.汶川地震建筑震害分析[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):1～9Civil and structural groups of Tsinghua University,Xinan Jiaotong University and Beijing Jiaotong University.Analysis on Building Seismic Damage in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(4):1～9(in Chinese)
[4]孙景江,马强,石宏彬,等.汶川地震高烈度区城镇房屋震害简介[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(3):7～15Sun Jing-jiang,Ma Qiang,Shi Hong-bin,et al.Building Damage in Cities and Towns Located in Higher Intensity Areas During Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(3):7～15(in Chinese)
[5]何宏林,孙昭民,魏占玉,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带白沙河段破裂及其位移特征[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):658～672He Hong-lin,Sun Zhao-min,Wei Zhan-yu,et al.Rupture of the Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake along Baishahe River[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):658～672(in Chinese)
[6]陈桂华,李峰,郑荣章,等.逆冲型断裂同震地表变形定量分析的几个问题——以汶川Ms8.0地震为例[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):674～682Chen Gui-hua,Li Feng,Zheng Rong-zhang,et al.Several issues in the quantitative analysis of coseismic surface rupture produced by reverse faults:a case study from the2008Wenchuan earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):674～682(in Chinese)
[7]李传友,叶建青,谢富仁,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带北川以北段的基本特征[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):683～696Li Chuan-you,Ye Jian-qing,Xie Fu-ren,et al.Characteristics of the surface rupture zone of the Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake,China along the segment north to Beichuan[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):683～696(in Chinese)
[8]Xu Xi-wei,Yu Gui-hua,Chen Gui-hua,et al.Parameters of Coseismic Reverse and Oblique-slip Surface Ruptures of the2008Wenchuan Earthquake,Eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,83(4):673～684
[9]周庆,徐锡伟,于贵华,等.汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带宽度调查[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):778～787Zhou Qing,Xu Xi-wei,Yu Gui-hua,et al.Investigation on widths of surface rupture zones of the M8.0Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan Province,China[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):778～787(in Chinese)
[10]张冰.中科院对地观测中心张兵学术报告PPT[R].2008Zhang Bing.An academic report PPT.Earth Observation Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences[R].2008
[11]http://www.mlr.gov.cn/xwdt/tpxw/200805/t20080522-104094.htm[OL]
[12]http://news.china.com/zh-cn/news100/11038989/20080522/14860812.html[OL]
[13]http://www.ehomeday.com/news/2008-6/200861991946-1.htm[OL]
[14]李志强,袁一凡,李晓丽,等.汶川Ms8.0特大地震破坏特征初步研究[J].地震地质,2008,30(4):855～876Li Zhi-qiang,Yuan Yi-fan,Li Xiao-li,et al.Preliminary Research on the Characteristics of the Ms8.0Wenchuan Earthquake Hazard[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(4):855～876(in Chinese)
[15]杨主恩,邓志辉,马文涛,等.汶川8级强震极震区破坏情况与烈度[J].地震地质,2008,30(2):349～354Yang Zhu-en,Deng Zhi-hui,Ma Wen-tao,et al.Some destruction and its seismic intensity in meizoseismal region of Wenchuan earthquake with magnitude8,Sichuan,China[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(2):349～354(in Chinese)
[16]徐锡伟,于贵华,马文涛,等.活断层地震地表破裂“避让带”宽度确定的依据与方法[J].地震地质,2002,24(4):470～483Xu Xi-wei,Yu Gui-hua,Ma Wen-tao,et al.Evidence and methods for determining the safety distance from the potential earthquake surface rupture on active fault[J].Seismology and Geology,2002,24(4):470～483(in Chinese)
[17]http://www.clr.cn/bao/read.asp-ID=135615[OL]
[18]李坪,杨美娥,赵东芝.对琼北地区防震减灾的几点建议[J].华南地震,2006,26(1):2～8Li Ping,Yang Mei-e,Zhang Dong-zhi.Some suggestions on earthquake preparedness and disaster reduction in Qiongbei region,Hainan Province[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2006,26(1):2～8(in Chinese)
[19]黄双华.从日本阪神地震论攀枝花市的城市抗震设防[J].擎枝花大学学报,1996,13(2):67～71Huang Shuang-hua.Discussion on Seismic Protection of Panzhihua City from Hanshin Earthquake in Japan[J].Journal of Panzhihua University,1996,13(2):67～71(in Chinese)
[20]GB50011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S]GB50011-2001,Code for seismic design of buildings[S](in Cinese)
[21]田文斌.建筑隔震与消能减震技术[J].电力学报,2002,17(4):265～267Tian Wen-bin.Seismic Base Isolation and Energy Dissipation Technique[J].Journal of Electric Power,2002,17(4):265～267(in Chinese)
[22]方海,李升玉,王曙光,等.高烈度区连续梁桥的减震设计方法研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(6):178～182Fang Hai,Li Sheng-yu,Wang Shu-guang,et al.Research on earthquake-reduction design method of continuous girder bridges in a high-intensity earthquake area[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(6):178～182(in Chinese)
[23]林新阳,周福霖.消能减震的基本原理和实际应用[J].世界地震工程,2002,18(3):48～51Lin Xin-yang,Zhou Fu-ling.Basic principles and practical application of energy dissipation[J].World Information on Earthquake Engineering,2002,18(3):48～51(in Chinese)
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