强震诱发单一弱面斜坡塌滑有限元模拟
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摘要
基于汶川大地震形成的崩塌滑坡数量多、分布密度大、影响面积大等特点,分析复杂结构斜坡地震力作用下的破坏机制,给出斜坡中某点在微震和强震作用下的应力–应变曲线。指出在地震力作用下斜坡会产生附加应力,其与原始应力叠加形成总应力,当总应力超过岩体的抗拉强度时发生拉张破裂,并给出拉张破裂的判据。用有限元模拟了单一弱面斜坡强震作用下的拉张破裂过程。结果表明:当第一主(拉)应力大于等于岩石的抗拉强度时,岩体发生拉张破裂,不能再承受拉力,但可承受压力;如果总应力状态满足塑性屈服准则,则发生剪切破坏;在地震动力作用过程中,拉张破裂区不断累加,即在松动区的松散程度和松散范围都在增大;在地震动力作用下,含有弱面的斜坡很容易沿弱面发生拉张破裂。
Based on the characteristics of collapse and landslide induced by Wenchuan earthquake that the quantity,the distribution density and the influential area,etc.are large,the damage mechanism of the complex structural slope is analyzed under strong earthquake,and the different stress-strain curves of some points in slope are given under microseism and strong earthquake.It is pointed that slope will generate additional stress under the effect of earthquake.The superposition of the additional stress and the original stress forms the total stress.When the total stress is larger than the tensile strength of the rock,tensile fracture occurs.The tensile fracture criterion is given.The finite element method is used to simulate tensile fracture process of slope with single weak plane under strong earthquake.The following conclusions can be drawn.When the first principal(tensile)stress is greater than or equal to tensile strength of rock,it cracks and can not bear tensile stress but compressive stress;if the total stress state meets the plastic yield criterion,shear failure occurs;the tensile fracture region cumulates continuously during earthquake dynamic,that is,the loose degree and the loose range become increase;and the slope containing weak plane can easily crack along the weak plane under earthquake.
Based on the characteristics of collapse and landslide induced by Wenchuan earthquake that the quantity,the distribution density and the influential area,etc.are large,the damage mechanism of the complex structural slope is analyzed under strong earthquake,and the different stress-strain curves of some points in slope are given under microseism and strong earthquake.It is pointed that slope will generate additional stress under the effect of earthquake.The superposition of the additional stress and the original stress forms the total stress.When the total stress is larger than the tensile strength of the rock,tensile fracture occurs.The tensile fracture criterion is given.The finite element method is used to simulate tensile fracture process of slope with single weak plane under strong earthquake.The following conclusions can be drawn.When the first principal(tensile)stress is greater than or equal to tensile strength of rock,it cracks and can not bear tensile stress but compressive stress;if the total stress state meets the plastic yield criterion,shear failure occurs;the tensile fracture region cumulates continuously during earthquake dynamic,that is,the loose degree and the loose range become increase;and the slope containing weak plane can easily crack along the weak plane under earthquake.
引文
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[12]郭子红,刘保县,徐珂,等.单轴压力作用下岩石破坏机制分析与应用[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2007,18(2):94–96.(GUO Zihong,LIU Baoxian,XU Ke,et al.Analysis and application of rock damage mechanism under uniaxial compression[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2007,18(2):94–96.(in Chinese))
[13]刘刚,赵坚,宋宏伟.节理分布对岩体破坏影响的数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(1):17–22.(LIU Gang,ZHAO Jian,SONG Hongwei.Numerical simulation of influence of joint distributions on failures of rock mass[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2007,36(1):17–22.(in Chinese))
[14]WANG L G,ZHAO N,ZHANG L L,et al.Numerical simulation of rock fracture process under tension[C]//International Young Scholar Symposium on Rock Mechanics.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2008:425–429.
[15]ZHAO N,WANG L G,ZHOU Y F.Finite element numerical simulation of coal roof tension damage in the gob[C]//The Third International Symposium on Modern Mining and Safety Technology.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2008:588–592.
[2]尹紫红.地震作用下的滑坡稳定性分析[硕士学位论文][D].成都:西南交通大学,2006.(YIN Zihong.Dynamic and stability of landslide under earthquake loading[M.S.Thesis][D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2006.(in Chinese))
[3]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机制分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730–741.(HUANG Runqiu,PEI Xiangjun,LI Tianbin.Basic characteristics and formation mechanism of the largest scale landslide at Daguangbao occurred during the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):730–741.(in Chinese))
[4]黄润秋,许强.中国典型灾难性滑坡[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:131–132.(HUANG Runqiu,XU Qiang.Catastrophic landsldide in China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008:131–132.(in Chinese))
[5]姚文波,刘文兆,侯甬坚.汶川大地震陇东黄土高原崩塌滑坡的调查分析[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5917–5926.(YAO Wenbo,LIU Wenzhao,HOU Yongjian.Investigation and analysis of collapses and landslides on the Loess Plateau of East Gansu Province after the5.12Wenchuan earthquake[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(12):5917–5926.(in Chinese))
[6]王家鼎,张倬元.地震诱发高速黄土滑坡的机制研究[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(6):670–674.(WANG Jiading,ZHANG Zhuoyuan.A study on the mechanism of high-speed loess landslide induced by earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1999,21(6):670–674.(in Chinese))
[7]王来贵,赵娜,周永发,等.岩石受拉破坏的数值模拟方法[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2007,26(2):198–200.(WANG Laigui,ZHAO Na,ZHOU Yongfa,et al.Numerical simulation method of rock bearing tension damage[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2007,26(2):198–200.(in Chinese))
[8]王来贵,赵娜,周永发,等.雁列式断层拉张破裂有限元数值模拟[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2008,27(2):204–206.(WANG Laigui,ZHAO Na,ZHOU Yongfa,et al.Finite element numerical simulation of tension fracture of en-echelon faults[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2008,27(2):204–206.(in Chinese))
[9]赵娜.岩体拉张破裂的有限元数值模拟研究[硕士学位论文][D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2008.(ZHAO Na.Study on finite element numerical simulation of rock tension fracture[M.S.Thesis][D].Fuxin:Liaoning Technical University,2008.(in Chinese))
[10]邱峰,丁桦.模拟岩石材料破坏的有限元方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):2663–2668.(QIU Feng,DING Hua.Finite element method simulating failure of rock material[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):2663–2668.(in Chinese))
[11]王来贵,赵娜,初影,等.不同面积载荷作用下的岩石试件破裂数值模拟[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2007,23(6):918–921.(WANG Laigui,ZHAO Na,CHU Ying,et al.Numerical simulation of rock fracture under action of different area loading[J].Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University(Natural Science),2007,23(6):918–921.(in Chinese))
[12]郭子红,刘保县,徐珂,等.单轴压力作用下岩石破坏机制分析与应用[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2007,18(2):94–96.(GUO Zihong,LIU Baoxian,XU Ke,et al.Analysis and application of rock damage mechanism under uniaxial compression[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2007,18(2):94–96.(in Chinese))
[13]刘刚,赵坚,宋宏伟.节理分布对岩体破坏影响的数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(1):17–22.(LIU Gang,ZHAO Jian,SONG Hongwei.Numerical simulation of influence of joint distributions on failures of rock mass[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2007,36(1):17–22.(in Chinese))
[14]WANG L G,ZHAO N,ZHANG L L,et al.Numerical simulation of rock fracture process under tension[C]//International Young Scholar Symposium on Rock Mechanics.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2008:425–429.
[15]ZHAO N,WANG L G,ZHOU Y F.Finite element numerical simulation of coal roof tension damage in the gob[C]//The Third International Symposium on Modern Mining and Safety Technology.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2008:588–592.
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