突出地表热辐射场中现今构造活动信息的均值梯度法
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摘要
利用热辐射探索构造活动具有“强背景,弱信息”的特点。地表辐射的探测精度与构造活动引起的辐射增强同属一个量级,有效信息可能被淹没于反演误差之中。并且,获得足够的精度后如何突出构造活动信息也是难点。为了解决上述问题,文中提出一种新方法——均值梯度法。其基本特点是,首先利用长时间数据进行平均,以损失一定的时间信息为代价获取更高的数据精度。然后根据大气和构造活动对地表热辐射影响的不同,利用热辐射梯度突出正在活动之断裂带的空间展布。分析表明,该方法可为利用热辐射探测现今构造活动的时空变化提供一些信息,同时也可为地震危险区划提供帮助。
Compared with the strong noise background, intensity of efficient signal is very small when using thermal radiation to obtain the current tectonic activity. Increasing range of thermal radiation resulting from fault activity accords with dimension of inversion precision of thermal radiation of land surface, and information of fault activity is submerged by inversion error of thermal radiation of land surface. Besides, it is difficult to discriminate the information of fault activity when the data precision is high. This paper develops a new method, i.e. the Mean Grad Method (MGM), to solve the above-mentioned problems. First, we average the long-time data to gain a higher data precision at an expense of losing time information, then, distinguish the space distribution of the current tectonic activity from thermal radiation field of land surface by space grad of thermal radiation according to the difference between influence of atmosphere and tectonic activity on land surface. This method can offer some features on variation of current tectonic activity with time and space and is helpful for plotting out earthquake danger area.
Compared with the strong noise background, intensity of efficient signal is very small when using thermal radiation to obtain the current tectonic activity. Increasing range of thermal radiation resulting from fault activity accords with dimension of inversion precision of thermal radiation of land surface, and information of fault activity is submerged by inversion error of thermal radiation of land surface. Besides, it is difficult to discriminate the information of fault activity when the data precision is high. This paper develops a new method, i.e. the Mean Grad Method (MGM), to solve the above-mentioned problems. First, we average the long-time data to gain a higher data precision at an expense of losing time information, then, distinguish the space distribution of the current tectonic activity from thermal radiation field of land surface by space grad of thermal radiation according to the difference between influence of atmosphere and tectonic activity on land surface. This method can offer some features on variation of current tectonic activity with time and space and is helpful for plotting out earthquake danger area.
引文
陈梅花,邓志辉,贾庆华.2003.地震前卫星红外异常与发震断裂的关系研究:以2001年昆仑山8.1级地震为例[J].地震地质,25(1):100—108.
CHENMei-hua,DENGZhi-hui,JIAQing-hua.2003.Therelationshipbetweenthesatelliteinfraredanomaliesbeforeearthquakeandtheseismogenicfault:Acasestudyonthe2001Kunlunearthquake[J].SeismologyandGeolo-gy,25(1):100—108(inChinese).
陈顺云,马瑾,刘培洵,等.2004.中国地表亮度温度年变基准场[J].地震地质,26(3):528—538.
CHENShun-yun,MAJin,LIUPei-xun,etal.2004.Normalannualvariationfieldoflandsurfacebrightnesstempera-tureinChina[J].SeismologyandGeology,26(3):528—538(inChinese).
陈顺云,刘培洵,刘力强,等.2005.地表热红外辐射的小波分析及其在现今构造活动研究中的意义[J].地球物理学报(待刊).
CHENShun-yun,LIUPei-xun,LIULi-qiang,etal.2005.Waveletmethodforthermalinfraredradiationoflandsur-faceanditsimplementationinstudyoncurrenttectonicactivity[J].ChineseJournalofGeophysics,inpress(inChinese).
邓志辉,王煜,陈梅花,等.2003a.中国大陆几次强地震活动的卫星红外异常分析[J].地震地质,25(2):327—337.
DENGZhi-hui,WANGYu,CHENMei-Hua,etal.2003a.SatelliteinfraredanomalyofseveralstrongearthquakesinChinamainland[J].SeismologyandGeology,25(2):327—337(inChinese).
邓志辉,陈梅花,王煜,等.2003b.地震前卫星红外异常特征分析[J].地球学报,24(增刊):323—328.
DENGZhi-hui,CHENMei-Hua,WANGYu,etal.2003b.Astudyofthesatelliteinfraredanomalybeforeearthquake[J].ActaGeoscientiaSinica,24(Suppl):323—328(inChinese).
刘德富.2000.台湾集集强震前的卫星遥感长波辐射场变异分析[J].地球信息科学,2(1):33—36.
LIUDe-fu.2000.AbnormaldetectiononsatelliteremotesensingOLRbeforeChiChiearthquakes[J].Geo-informa-tionScience,2(1):33—36(inChinese).
刘培洵,刘力强,陈顺云,等.2004a.地表岩石变形引起热红外辐射的实验研究[J].地震地质,26(3):502—511.
LIUPei-xun,LIULi-qiang,CHENShun-yun,etal.2004a.Anexperimentontheinfraredradiationofsurficialrocksduringdeformation[J].SeismologyandGeology,26(3):502—511(inChinese).
刘培洵,刘力强,陈顺云,等.2004b.从热红外遥感图像提取地下热信息的透热指数法[J].地震地质,26(3):520—527.
LIUPei-xun,LIULi-qiang,CHENShun-yun,etal.2004b.Heatpenetrabilityindex(HPI)methodfordistillingsub-surfacethermalinformationfromsatelliteinfraredimages[J].SeismologyandGeology,26(3):520—527(inChinese).
马瑾,单新建.2000.利用遥感技术研究断层现今活动的探索:以玛尼地震前后断层相互作用为例[J].地震地质,22(3):210—215.
MAJin,SHANXin-jian.2000.Anattempttostudyactivityoffaultusingremotesensingtechnology:AcaseoftheManiearthquake[J].SeismologyandGeology,22(3):210—215(inChinese).
马瑾,汪一鹏,陈顺云,等.2005a.卫星热红外信息与断层活动关系讨论[J].自然科学进展(待刊).
MAJin,WANGYi-peng,CHENShun-yun,etal.2005a.Discussiononrelationbetweensatellitethermalinfraredinfor-mation[J].ProgressinNaturalScience,inpress.
马瑾,陈顺云,刘培洵,等.2005b.关联断层与关联活动时期的热红外证据:以南北地震构造带为例[J].地球物理学报(待刊).
MAJin,CHENShun-yun,LIUPei-xun,etal.2005b.Thermalinfraredproofrelatingfaultandactivitytime:AcasestudyonNorth-southseismotectoniczone[J].ChineseJournalofGeophysics,inpress.
强祖基,徐秀登,赁常恭.1990.热红外异常:临震前兆[J].科学通报,35(17):1324—1327.
QIANGZu-ji,XUXiu-deng,DIANChang-gong.1990.Satelliteinfraredthermo-anomaly:earthquakeimminentpre-cursor[J].ChineseScienceBulletin,35(17):1324—1327(inChinese).
强祖基,孔令昌,王弋平,等.1992.地球放气、热红外异常与地震活动[J].科学通报,24:2259—2262.
QIANGZu-ji,KONGLing-chang,WANGYi-ping,etal.1992.Earthgasemission,infraredthermo-anomalyandseis-micity[J].ChineseScienceBulletin,24:2259—2262(inChinese).
强祖基,赁常恭,李玲芝,等.1998.卫星热红外图像亮温异常:短临震兆[J].中国科学(D辑),28(6):564—573.
QIANGZu-ji,DIANChang-gong,LILing-zhi,etal.1998.Satelliteinfraredbrightnesstemperatureanomaly-earth-quakeimminentprecursor[J].ScienceinChina(SerD),28(6):564—573(inChinese).
徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭.1991.临震卫星热红外异常与地面增温异常[J].科学通报,36(4):291—294.
XUXiu-deng,QIANGZu-ji,DIANChang-gong.1991.Earthquakeimminentinfraredthermo-anomalyandtempera-tureincreaseonearthsurface[J].ChineseScienceBulletin,36(4):291—294(inChinese).
AndrewAT,MasashiH,OlegAM.2002.ThermalIRsatellitedataapplicationforearthquakeresearchinJapanandChina[J].JournalofGeodynamics,33(2002):519—534.
OuzounovD,FreundF.2004.Mid-infraredemissionpriortostrongearthquakesanalyzedbyremotesensingdata[J].AdvancesinSpaceResearch,33(2004):268—273.
McClainEP,WilliamGP,CharlesCW.1985.ComparativeperformanceofAVHRR-basedmultichannelseasurfacetemperature[J].JGeophyRes,90(C6):11587—11601.
McMillinLM.1975.Estimationofseasurfacetemperaturefromtwoinfraredwindowmeasurementswithdifferentab-sorption[J].JGeophyRes,80(36):5113—5117.
McMillinLM,CrosbyDS.1984.Theoryandvalidationofthemultiplewindowseasurfacetemperature[J].JGeophyRes,89(C3):3655—3661.
TroninAA,HayakawaM,MolchanovOA.2002.ThermalIRsatellitedataapplicationforearthquakeresearchinJa-panandChina[J].JournalofGeodynamics,33(2002):519—534.
ГОРНЫЙBH.1990.地球热红外辐射:地震活动性的标志[J].徐秀登等译.地震地质译丛,(2):38—39.
ГОРНЫЙBH.1990.Earthinfraredradiation-indicator[J].TranslatedintoChinesebyXUXiu-dengetal.Transla-tedWorksofSeismogeology,(2):38—39.
CHENMei-hua,DENGZhi-hui,JIAQing-hua.2003.Therelationshipbetweenthesatelliteinfraredanomaliesbeforeearthquakeandtheseismogenicfault:Acasestudyonthe2001Kunlunearthquake[J].SeismologyandGeolo-gy,25(1):100—108(inChinese).
陈顺云,马瑾,刘培洵,等.2004.中国地表亮度温度年变基准场[J].地震地质,26(3):528—538.
CHENShun-yun,MAJin,LIUPei-xun,etal.2004.Normalannualvariationfieldoflandsurfacebrightnesstempera-tureinChina[J].SeismologyandGeology,26(3):528—538(inChinese).
陈顺云,刘培洵,刘力强,等.2005.地表热红外辐射的小波分析及其在现今构造活动研究中的意义[J].地球物理学报(待刊).
CHENShun-yun,LIUPei-xun,LIULi-qiang,etal.2005.Waveletmethodforthermalinfraredradiationoflandsur-faceanditsimplementationinstudyoncurrenttectonicactivity[J].ChineseJournalofGeophysics,inpress(inChinese).
邓志辉,王煜,陈梅花,等.2003a.中国大陆几次强地震活动的卫星红外异常分析[J].地震地质,25(2):327—337.
DENGZhi-hui,WANGYu,CHENMei-Hua,etal.2003a.SatelliteinfraredanomalyofseveralstrongearthquakesinChinamainland[J].SeismologyandGeology,25(2):327—337(inChinese).
邓志辉,陈梅花,王煜,等.2003b.地震前卫星红外异常特征分析[J].地球学报,24(增刊):323—328.
DENGZhi-hui,CHENMei-Hua,WANGYu,etal.2003b.Astudyofthesatelliteinfraredanomalybeforeearthquake[J].ActaGeoscientiaSinica,24(Suppl):323—328(inChinese).
刘德富.2000.台湾集集强震前的卫星遥感长波辐射场变异分析[J].地球信息科学,2(1):33—36.
LIUDe-fu.2000.AbnormaldetectiononsatelliteremotesensingOLRbeforeChiChiearthquakes[J].Geo-informa-tionScience,2(1):33—36(inChinese).
刘培洵,刘力强,陈顺云,等.2004a.地表岩石变形引起热红外辐射的实验研究[J].地震地质,26(3):502—511.
LIUPei-xun,LIULi-qiang,CHENShun-yun,etal.2004a.Anexperimentontheinfraredradiationofsurficialrocksduringdeformation[J].SeismologyandGeology,26(3):502—511(inChinese).
刘培洵,刘力强,陈顺云,等.2004b.从热红外遥感图像提取地下热信息的透热指数法[J].地震地质,26(3):520—527.
LIUPei-xun,LIULi-qiang,CHENShun-yun,etal.2004b.Heatpenetrabilityindex(HPI)methodfordistillingsub-surfacethermalinformationfromsatelliteinfraredimages[J].SeismologyandGeology,26(3):520—527(inChinese).
马瑾,单新建.2000.利用遥感技术研究断层现今活动的探索:以玛尼地震前后断层相互作用为例[J].地震地质,22(3):210—215.
MAJin,SHANXin-jian.2000.Anattempttostudyactivityoffaultusingremotesensingtechnology:AcaseoftheManiearthquake[J].SeismologyandGeology,22(3):210—215(inChinese).
马瑾,汪一鹏,陈顺云,等.2005a.卫星热红外信息与断层活动关系讨论[J].自然科学进展(待刊).
MAJin,WANGYi-peng,CHENShun-yun,etal.2005a.Discussiononrelationbetweensatellitethermalinfraredinfor-mation[J].ProgressinNaturalScience,inpress.
马瑾,陈顺云,刘培洵,等.2005b.关联断层与关联活动时期的热红外证据:以南北地震构造带为例[J].地球物理学报(待刊).
MAJin,CHENShun-yun,LIUPei-xun,etal.2005b.Thermalinfraredproofrelatingfaultandactivitytime:AcasestudyonNorth-southseismotectoniczone[J].ChineseJournalofGeophysics,inpress.
强祖基,徐秀登,赁常恭.1990.热红外异常:临震前兆[J].科学通报,35(17):1324—1327.
QIANGZu-ji,XUXiu-deng,DIANChang-gong.1990.Satelliteinfraredthermo-anomaly:earthquakeimminentpre-cursor[J].ChineseScienceBulletin,35(17):1324—1327(inChinese).
强祖基,孔令昌,王弋平,等.1992.地球放气、热红外异常与地震活动[J].科学通报,24:2259—2262.
QIANGZu-ji,KONGLing-chang,WANGYi-ping,etal.1992.Earthgasemission,infraredthermo-anomalyandseis-micity[J].ChineseScienceBulletin,24:2259—2262(inChinese).
强祖基,赁常恭,李玲芝,等.1998.卫星热红外图像亮温异常:短临震兆[J].中国科学(D辑),28(6):564—573.
QIANGZu-ji,DIANChang-gong,LILing-zhi,etal.1998.Satelliteinfraredbrightnesstemperatureanomaly-earth-quakeimminentprecursor[J].ScienceinChina(SerD),28(6):564—573(inChinese).
徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭.1991.临震卫星热红外异常与地面增温异常[J].科学通报,36(4):291—294.
XUXiu-deng,QIANGZu-ji,DIANChang-gong.1991.Earthquakeimminentinfraredthermo-anomalyandtempera-tureincreaseonearthsurface[J].ChineseScienceBulletin,36(4):291—294(inChinese).
AndrewAT,MasashiH,OlegAM.2002.ThermalIRsatellitedataapplicationforearthquakeresearchinJapanandChina[J].JournalofGeodynamics,33(2002):519—534.
OuzounovD,FreundF.2004.Mid-infraredemissionpriortostrongearthquakesanalyzedbyremotesensingdata[J].AdvancesinSpaceResearch,33(2004):268—273.
McClainEP,WilliamGP,CharlesCW.1985.ComparativeperformanceofAVHRR-basedmultichannelseasurfacetemperature[J].JGeophyRes,90(C6):11587—11601.
McMillinLM.1975.Estimationofseasurfacetemperaturefromtwoinfraredwindowmeasurementswithdifferentab-sorption[J].JGeophyRes,80(36):5113—5117.
McMillinLM,CrosbyDS.1984.Theoryandvalidationofthemultiplewindowseasurfacetemperature[J].JGeophyRes,89(C3):3655—3661.
TroninAA,HayakawaM,MolchanovOA.2002.ThermalIRsatellitedataapplicationforearthquakeresearchinJa-panandChina[J].JournalofGeodynamics,33(2002):519—534.
ГОРНЫЙBH.1990.地球热红外辐射:地震活动性的标志[J].徐秀登等译.地震地质译丛,(2):38—39.
ГОРНЫЙBH.1990.Earthinfraredradiation-indicator[J].TranslatedintoChinesebyXUXiu-dengetal.Transla-tedWorksofSeismogeology,(2):38—39.
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