薄(互)储层的反射系数谱AVO分析
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摘要
针对油气田开发中薄互层认识难的问题,提出从AVO分析解决困难,克服现有方法在反射系数公式中无厚度变量、时间域计算反射系数谱受采样率限制的不足,运用两个界面间位移与应力关系,从频率域地震波传播方程推导了任意入射角和薄层厚度下的反射系数谱.确定了薄层的几何特性、物理特性与地震响应间的关系,为研究薄层厚度、速度对薄层弹性波反射系数的影响提供了一定的理论基础.
AVO analysis is suggested for solving to solve the difficulty in identification of thin alternating layers in exploration of oilfields.It can improve the current method that has no thickness variable in the formula of reflective and is limited by sampling rates in calculation of the coefficient in the time of domain.Using the relationship of stress and displacement on two interfaces, this paper derives the spectrum of reflective coefficient for any incidence angle and thiekness of thim layer based on the equation of seismic wave propagation in the frequency domain.It determines the relationship between geometry, physical progerties and seismic response.The result provides a theoretical basis for the study of effects of thin-layer thickness and velocity on the coefficient.
AVO analysis is suggested for solving to solve the difficulty in identification of thin alternating layers in exploration of oilfields.It can improve the current method that has no thickness variable in the formula of reflective and is limited by sampling rates in calculation of the coefficient in the time of domain.Using the relationship of stress and displacement on two interfaces, this paper derives the spectrum of reflective coefficient for any incidence angle and thiekness of thim layer based on the equation of seismic wave propagation in the frequency domain.It determines the relationship between geometry, physical progerties and seismic response.The result provides a theoretical basis for the study of effects of thin-layer thickness and velocity on the coefficient.
引文
[1] Liu Y B.Schmittz D R.Amplitude and AVO responses of a single thin bed[J].Geophysics,2003,68(4) :1161～1168．
[2] 杜劲松,等.薄互层正演模拟分析及其应用[J].断块油气田,2004,11(6) :5～7． Du J S,et al.The Forward Modeling of Thin Interbed and Its Application[J].Fault-block Oil & Gas Field,2004,11(6) :5～7．
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[4] 张玉芬,熊维刚.石油地震勘探中薄互层的反射系数序列振幅谱特征分析[J].地球科学--中国地质大学学报,1994,19(5) :137～145． Zhang Y F,Xiong W G.Characteristic Analysis of Amplitude Spectra of Reflection Coefficient of Thin Interbedding in Oil Prospecting[J],Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),1994,19(5) :137～145．
[5] 李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[J].北京:石油工业出版社,1993． Li Q Z.The way to obtain a better resolution in seismic prospecting[J].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993．
[6] 张璐,印兴耀,孙成禹.双相介质的AVO正演模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :319～322． Zhang L,Yin X Y,Sun C Y.AVO simulation in two-phase media[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(2) :319～322．
[7] 蒋鸿亮,陈湛文,陈小宏.高分辨率AVO反演技术研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :478～482． Jiang H L,Chen Z W,Chen X H.High Resolution Research of AVO Inversion Technique[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2) :478～482．
[8] 李敏锋,刘学伟,童庆佳,白杰.单相介质AVO反演的精度分析[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :567～572． Li M F,Liu X W,Tong Q J,Bai J.The Precision analyses of AVO inversion in one-phase medium[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(2) :567～572．
[9] 刘洪林,朱秋影.基于叠前深度偏移的AVO反演及解释[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :905～912． Liu H L,Zhu Q Y.AVO inversion and interpretation based on prestack depth migration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(3) :905～912．
[10] 尚永生,杨长春,王真理,等.塔里木盆地卡4区块AVO研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1408～1415． Shang Y S,Yang C C,Wang Z L,et al.AVO research in Ka 4 region of Tarim basin[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5) :1408～1415．
[11] 宋建国,王艳香,乔玉雷,王慧.AVO技术进展[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :508～514． Song J G,Wang Y X,Qiao Y L,Wang H.Advances in AVO technique[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2) :508～514．
[12] 李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江,芮振华.多波时移地震AVO反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4) :902～908． LiJ Y,ChenX H,HaoZJ,RuiZH.A study on multiple time-lapse seismic AVO inversion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4) :902～908．
[13] 李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江,芮振华.多波时移地震AVO反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4) :902～908． Li J Y,Chen X H,Hao Z J,Rui Z H.Astudyon multiple time-lapse seismic AVO inversion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4) :902～908．
[14] 阮爱国,李家彪,初凤友,李湘云.海底天然气水合物层界面反射AVO数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6) :1826～1835． Ruan A G,Li J B,Chu F Y,Li X Y.AVO numerical simulation of gas hydrates reflectors beneath seafloor[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6) :1826～1835．
[15] 陈建江,印兴耀.基于贝叶斯理论的AVO三参数波形反演[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1251～1260． Chen J J,Yin X Y.Three-parameter AVO waveform inversion based on Bayesian theorem[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4) :1251～1260．
[16] 冯晅,舒梦理,王兆国,刘财,王典,王世煜.P-P波和P-SV波联合AVO反演研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5) :1556～1559． FengX,Shu M C,Wang Z G,Liu C,Wang D,Wang S Y.Joint AVO inversion using P-P and P SV seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(5) :1556～1559．
[2] 杜劲松,等.薄互层正演模拟分析及其应用[J].断块油气田,2004,11(6) :5～7． Du J S,et al.The Forward Modeling of Thin Interbed and Its Application[J].Fault-block Oil & Gas Field,2004,11(6) :5～7．
[3] 汪恩华,贺振华,李庆忠.基于薄层的反射系数谱理论与模型正演[J].成都理工学院学报,2001,28(1) :73～77． Wang E H,He Z H,Li Q Z.Reflectance spectrum theory and model computation based on thin beds[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2001,28(1) :73～77．
[4] 张玉芬,熊维刚.石油地震勘探中薄互层的反射系数序列振幅谱特征分析[J].地球科学--中国地质大学学报,1994,19(5) :137～145． Zhang Y F,Xiong W G.Characteristic Analysis of Amplitude Spectra of Reflection Coefficient of Thin Interbedding in Oil Prospecting[J],Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),1994,19(5) :137～145．
[5] 李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[J].北京:石油工业出版社,1993． Li Q Z.The way to obtain a better resolution in seismic prospecting[J].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993．
[6] 张璐,印兴耀,孙成禹.双相介质的AVO正演模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :319～322． Zhang L,Yin X Y,Sun C Y.AVO simulation in two-phase media[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(2) :319～322．
[7] 蒋鸿亮,陈湛文,陈小宏.高分辨率AVO反演技术研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2) :478～482． Jiang H L,Chen Z W,Chen X H.High Resolution Research of AVO Inversion Technique[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2) :478～482．
[8] 李敏锋,刘学伟,童庆佳,白杰.单相介质AVO反演的精度分析[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :567～572． Li M F,Liu X W,Tong Q J,Bai J.The Precision analyses of AVO inversion in one-phase medium[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(2) :567～572．
[9] 刘洪林,朱秋影.基于叠前深度偏移的AVO反演及解释[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :905～912． Liu H L,Zhu Q Y.AVO inversion and interpretation based on prestack depth migration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(3) :905～912．
[10] 尚永生,杨长春,王真理,等.塔里木盆地卡4区块AVO研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1408～1415． Shang Y S,Yang C C,Wang Z L,et al.AVO research in Ka 4 region of Tarim basin[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5) :1408～1415．
[11] 宋建国,王艳香,乔玉雷,王慧.AVO技术进展[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :508～514． Song J G,Wang Y X,Qiao Y L,Wang H.Advances in AVO technique[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2) :508～514．
[12] 李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江,芮振华.多波时移地震AVO反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4) :902～908． LiJ Y,ChenX H,HaoZJ,RuiZH.A study on multiple time-lapse seismic AVO inversion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4) :902～908．
[13] 李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江,芮振华.多波时移地震AVO反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4) :902～908． Li J Y,Chen X H,Hao Z J,Rui Z H.Astudyon multiple time-lapse seismic AVO inversion[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4) :902～908．
[14] 阮爱国,李家彪,初凤友,李湘云.海底天然气水合物层界面反射AVO数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6) :1826～1835． Ruan A G,Li J B,Chu F Y,Li X Y.AVO numerical simulation of gas hydrates reflectors beneath seafloor[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6) :1826～1835．
[15] 陈建江,印兴耀.基于贝叶斯理论的AVO三参数波形反演[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1251～1260． Chen J J,Yin X Y.Three-parameter AVO waveform inversion based on Bayesian theorem[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4) :1251～1260．
[16] 冯晅,舒梦理,王兆国,刘财,王典,王世煜.P-P波和P-SV波联合AVO反演研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5) :1556～1559． FengX,Shu M C,Wang Z G,Liu C,Wang D,Wang S Y.Joint AVO inversion using P-P and P SV seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(5) :1556～1559．
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