灰岩裸露区检波器三自由度耦合系统理论的研究
|
摘要
中国南方海相碳酸盐岩沉积盆地的分布幅员辽阔,地下油气等资源极为丰富,但是由于大面积坚硬灰岩的出露,给检波器完好耦合带来了很大困难,从而降低了地震采集资料的品质,严重制约了该地区未来的油气勘探.目前野外检波器耦合试验缺乏较为合适的理论指导,带有较大的盲目性.为此,本文考虑到检波器与灰岩耦合时增加了耦合介质(石膏、泥饼等)的实际情况,提出了检波器-灰岩三自由度耦合系统的理论,研究了耦合介质、尾锥和阻尼等耦合因素对检波器-灰岩耦合系统传输函数的影响规律.发现检波器-灰岩耦合系统是具有三个谐振频率的谐振系统,通过增加耦合介质的弹性模量、减小耦合介质的底面积和高度、选用介质密度较小的尾锥、减小尾锥的高度、增加尾锥的底面积等,可以提高耦合谐振频率.通过适当增加耦合系统的阻尼,可以减小耦合系统的窄频带"带通滤波"的影响.最后,通过振动台实验初步验证了检波器-灰岩三自由度耦合系统理论模型.
There are extremely abundant oil and gas resources in the sedimentary basins of marine carbonate in vast areas of South China.However,it is very difficult to make a good geophone coupling with the outcrop of hard limestone.And then the qualities of the seismic data are reduced.Now,geophone coupling test is largely blind due to lack of appropriate theoretical guidance.In this paper,in order to understand fully the transmission mechanism of the geophone-limestone coupling system,considering that the coupling mediums such as gesso,clay and so on are used in field seismic data acquisition,we bring forward the theory of geophone-limestone 3-DOF (degree of freedom) coupling system based on vibration dynamic concept.The geophone-limestone coupling system responses are computed when the parameters of coupling medium,geophone spikes and damping are changed.And we find that the geophone-limestone coupling system is a resonance system which has three resonance frequencies.The results show that the resonance frequency can be increased through increasing the elastic modulus of the coupling medium,decreasing the area of the underside and the height of the coupling medium, using spikes with lower material density,reducing the height of the spike and increasing the area of the spike's underside.The results also show that the impact of the narrow frequency bands "band pass filtering" can be decreased by increasing the damping of the coupling system properly. Finally,we preliminarily validate the theoretical results of the geophone-limestone 3-DOF coupling system using shake table experiments.
There are extremely abundant oil and gas resources in the sedimentary basins of marine carbonate in vast areas of South China.However,it is very difficult to make a good geophone coupling with the outcrop of hard limestone.And then the qualities of the seismic data are reduced.Now,geophone coupling test is largely blind due to lack of appropriate theoretical guidance.In this paper,in order to understand fully the transmission mechanism of the geophone-limestone coupling system,considering that the coupling mediums such as gesso,clay and so on are used in field seismic data acquisition,we bring forward the theory of geophone-limestone 3-DOF (degree of freedom) coupling system based on vibration dynamic concept.The geophone-limestone coupling system responses are computed when the parameters of coupling medium,geophone spikes and damping are changed.And we find that the geophone-limestone coupling system is a resonance system which has three resonance frequencies.The results show that the resonance frequency can be increased through increasing the elastic modulus of the coupling medium,decreasing the area of the underside and the height of the coupling medium, using spikes with lower material density,reducing the height of the spike and increasing the area of the spike's underside.The results also show that the impact of the narrow frequency bands "band pass filtering" can be decreased by increasing the damping of the coupling system properly. Finally,we preliminarily validate the theoretical results of the geophone-limestone 3-DOF coupling system using shake table experiments.
引文
[1] 丁伟.镇巴复杂山地地震采集质量影响因素分析.石油物探,2006,45(4) :418～502 Ding W.Analysis on factors affecting seismic acquisition quality to complex mountainous exploration in Zhenba block.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum (in Chinese) ,2006,45(4) :418 ～ 502
[2] 汪学武.南方黔中碳酸盐岩裸露区地震采集方法探讨.石油物探,2007,46(5) :514～520 Wang X W.Seismic data acquisition method for carbonate outcropped area in central Guizhou province of southern China.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum (in Chinese),2007,46(5) :514～520
[3] 张孟,李亚林,李大军等.川东高陡构造石灰岩出露区的地震采集技术及其应用效果.天然气工业,2007,27:82～85 Zhang M,Li Y L,Li D],et al.Seismic collection technique and applied effect of the abrupt limestone outcrops structure in Chuandong.Natural Gas Industry (in Chinese),2007,27:82～85
[4] 黄兆辉,张在武,贾正元等.川东镇巴山地碳酸盐岩地区地震采集方法探讨.重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2008, 10(2) :1～5 Huang Z H,Zhang Z W,Jia Z Y,et al.The discussion on seismic acquisition methods in the mountain carbonate rock area of Zhenba area in eastern Sichuan.Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology (Natural Sciences Edition) (in Chinese) ,2008,10(2) :1 ～ 5
[5] 杨贵祥.碳酸盐岩裸露区地震勘探采集方法.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1108～1128 Yang G X.The method of seismic exploration in the bare carbonate rock area.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2005,20(4) :1108～1128
[6] Washburn H,Wiley H.The effect of the placement of a seismometer on its response characteristics.Geophysics,1941,6:116 ～ 131
[7] Miller G F,Pursey H.The field and radiation impedance of mechanical radiators on the free surface of a semi-infinite isotropic solid.Proc.Roy.Soc.A,1954,223:521 ～ 540
[8] Bycroft G N.The magnification caused by partial resonance of the foundation of a ground vibration detector.Trans.Am.Geophys Union ,1957,38:928 ～ 930
[9] Bycroft G N.The effect of soil-structure interaction on seismometer readings.Bull.Seis.Soc.Am.,1978,68:823～843
[10] Lamar A.Couplage sol-geophone.Geophys.Prosp.,1970,18:300 ～ 319
[11] Hoover G M,O'Brien J T.The influence of the planted geophone on seismic land data.Geophysics,1980,45(8) :1239～1253
[12] Tan T H.Reciprocity theorem applied to the geophoneground coupling problem.Geophysics,1987,52(12) :1715 ～ 1717
[13] Vos J,Cremers B B,Drijkoningen G G,et al.A theoretical and experimental approach to the geophone-ground coupling problem based on acoustic reciprocity.65~(th) Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys.Expanded Abstracts,1995． 1003 ～ 1006
[14] Vos J,Drijkoningen G G,Fokkema J T.Sensor coupling in acoustic media using reciprocity.Journal of the Acoustic Society of America ,1999,105(4) :2252 ～ 2260
[15] Redemakers F,Drijkoningen G G,Fokkema J T.Geophone ground coupling:new elastic approach.66~(th) Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1996． 1083 ～ 1086
[16] Drijkoningen G G,Redemakers F,Slob E C,et al.A new elastic model for ground coupling of geophones with spikes.Geophysics,2006,71(2) :9 ～ 17
[17] Krohn C E.Geophone ground coupling.Geophysics,1984,49(6) :722 ～ 731
[18] Krohn C E.Geophone ground coupling.The Leading Edge , 1985,4(4) :56～60
[19] 石战结,田 钢,董世学等.沙漠地区地震检波器耦合的高频信号匹配滤波技术.石油物探,2005,44(3) :261～263 Shi Z J,Tian G,Dong S X,et.al.Match filtering of geophone coupling for high-frequencies of seismic data in desert area.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum (in Chinese),2005,44(3) :261 ～ 263
[20] Tian G,Shi Z J,Dong S X,et al.Geophone coupling match and attenuation compensation in seismic exploration.Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics,2006,11 (2) :111～122
[21] 徐锦玺,吕公河,谭绍泉等.检波器尾锥结构对地震采集信号的影响.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(2) :204～209 Xu J X,L(u|¨) G H,Tan S Q,et al.The influence of geophone tailcone structure upon acquired seismic signals.Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese) ,1999,34(2) :204 ～ 209
[22] 倪振华.振动力学.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1989 Ni Z H.Vibration Mechanics (in Chinese).Xi an:Xi an Jiaotong University Press,1989
[23] 方同,薛璞.振动理论及应用.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2000 Fang T,Xue P.Vibrancy Theory and Applications (in Chinese).Xi an:Xi an Jiaotong University Press,2000
[24] 郑君里,应启行,杨为理.信号与系统.北京:高等教育出版社,2000 Zheng J L,Ying Q X,Yang W L.Signals and Systems (in Chinese).Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000
[25] 谢官模.振动力学.北京:国防工业出版社,2007 Xie G M.Vibration Mechanics ( in Chinese).Beijing:National Defense Industrial Press,2007
[26] Lysmer J,Richart F E.Dynamic response of footings to vertical loading.Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division t 1966,2(1) :65～91
[27] 张学良,黄玉美,傅卫平等.粗糙表面法向接触刚度的分形模型.应用力学学报,2000,17(2) :31～35 Zhang X L,Huang Y M,Fu W P,et al.Fractal model of normal contact stiffness between rough surfaces.Journal of Applied Mechanics (in Chinese) ,2000,17(2) :31 ～ 35
[28] 孙建国.岩石物理学基础.北京:地质出版社,2006 Sun J G.Petrophysics Basis ( in Chinese ).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006
[29] 张库绪.土动力学.北京:地震出版社,1989 Zhang K X.Soil Dynamics (in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1989
[30] 李素英,李晓兵,符娜等.内蒙古典型草原区土壤硬度与土壤水分的空间变化分析.干旱区地理,2007,30(2) :196～201 Li S Y,Li X B,Fu N,et al.Spatial change of soil hardness and soil moisture in typical steppe area of Inner Mongolia. Arid Land Geography (in Chinese) ,2007,30(2) :196～201
[31] 谢和平.分形-岩石力学导论.北京:科学出版社,1996 Xie H P.Introduction to Fractal and Rock Mechanics C in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1996
[32] 彭真明,李亚林,巫盛洪等.碳酸盐岩储层多角度弹性阻抗流体识别方法.地球物理学报,2008,51(3) :881～885 Peng Z M,Li Y L,Wu S H,et al.Discriminating gas and water using multi-angle extended elastic impedance inversion in carbonate reservoirs.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,5l(3) :881～885
[33] 张凤蛟,韩立国,董世学.检波器尾锥与地表耦合阻尼研究.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(增刊):96～100 Zhang F J,Han L G,Dong S X.The research of the damping between the geophone spike and ground.Journal of Jilin University ( Earth Science Edition ) (in Chinese ) ,2006,36(Suppl.) :96 ～100
[2] 汪学武.南方黔中碳酸盐岩裸露区地震采集方法探讨.石油物探,2007,46(5) :514～520 Wang X W.Seismic data acquisition method for carbonate outcropped area in central Guizhou province of southern China.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum (in Chinese),2007,46(5) :514～520
[3] 张孟,李亚林,李大军等.川东高陡构造石灰岩出露区的地震采集技术及其应用效果.天然气工业,2007,27:82～85 Zhang M,Li Y L,Li D],et al.Seismic collection technique and applied effect of the abrupt limestone outcrops structure in Chuandong.Natural Gas Industry (in Chinese),2007,27:82～85
[4] 黄兆辉,张在武,贾正元等.川东镇巴山地碳酸盐岩地区地震采集方法探讨.重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2008, 10(2) :1～5 Huang Z H,Zhang Z W,Jia Z Y,et al.The discussion on seismic acquisition methods in the mountain carbonate rock area of Zhenba area in eastern Sichuan.Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology (Natural Sciences Edition) (in Chinese) ,2008,10(2) :1 ～ 5
[5] 杨贵祥.碳酸盐岩裸露区地震勘探采集方法.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1108～1128 Yang G X.The method of seismic exploration in the bare carbonate rock area.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2005,20(4) :1108～1128
[6] Washburn H,Wiley H.The effect of the placement of a seismometer on its response characteristics.Geophysics,1941,6:116 ～ 131
[7] Miller G F,Pursey H.The field and radiation impedance of mechanical radiators on the free surface of a semi-infinite isotropic solid.Proc.Roy.Soc.A,1954,223:521 ～ 540
[8] Bycroft G N.The magnification caused by partial resonance of the foundation of a ground vibration detector.Trans.Am.Geophys Union ,1957,38:928 ～ 930
[9] Bycroft G N.The effect of soil-structure interaction on seismometer readings.Bull.Seis.Soc.Am.,1978,68:823～843
[10] Lamar A.Couplage sol-geophone.Geophys.Prosp.,1970,18:300 ～ 319
[11] Hoover G M,O'Brien J T.The influence of the planted geophone on seismic land data.Geophysics,1980,45(8) :1239～1253
[12] Tan T H.Reciprocity theorem applied to the geophoneground coupling problem.Geophysics,1987,52(12) :1715 ～ 1717
[13] Vos J,Cremers B B,Drijkoningen G G,et al.A theoretical and experimental approach to the geophone-ground coupling problem based on acoustic reciprocity.65~(th) Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys.Expanded Abstracts,1995． 1003 ～ 1006
[14] Vos J,Drijkoningen G G,Fokkema J T.Sensor coupling in acoustic media using reciprocity.Journal of the Acoustic Society of America ,1999,105(4) :2252 ～ 2260
[15] Redemakers F,Drijkoningen G G,Fokkema J T.Geophone ground coupling:new elastic approach.66~(th) Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1996． 1083 ～ 1086
[16] Drijkoningen G G,Redemakers F,Slob E C,et al.A new elastic model for ground coupling of geophones with spikes.Geophysics,2006,71(2) :9 ～ 17
[17] Krohn C E.Geophone ground coupling.Geophysics,1984,49(6) :722 ～ 731
[18] Krohn C E.Geophone ground coupling.The Leading Edge , 1985,4(4) :56～60
[19] 石战结,田 钢,董世学等.沙漠地区地震检波器耦合的高频信号匹配滤波技术.石油物探,2005,44(3) :261～263 Shi Z J,Tian G,Dong S X,et.al.Match filtering of geophone coupling for high-frequencies of seismic data in desert area.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum (in Chinese),2005,44(3) :261 ～ 263
[20] Tian G,Shi Z J,Dong S X,et al.Geophone coupling match and attenuation compensation in seismic exploration.Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics,2006,11 (2) :111～122
[21] 徐锦玺,吕公河,谭绍泉等.检波器尾锥结构对地震采集信号的影响.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(2) :204～209 Xu J X,L(u|¨) G H,Tan S Q,et al.The influence of geophone tailcone structure upon acquired seismic signals.Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese) ,1999,34(2) :204 ～ 209
[22] 倪振华.振动力学.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1989 Ni Z H.Vibration Mechanics (in Chinese).Xi an:Xi an Jiaotong University Press,1989
[23] 方同,薛璞.振动理论及应用.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2000 Fang T,Xue P.Vibrancy Theory and Applications (in Chinese).Xi an:Xi an Jiaotong University Press,2000
[24] 郑君里,应启行,杨为理.信号与系统.北京:高等教育出版社,2000 Zheng J L,Ying Q X,Yang W L.Signals and Systems (in Chinese).Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000
[25] 谢官模.振动力学.北京:国防工业出版社,2007 Xie G M.Vibration Mechanics ( in Chinese).Beijing:National Defense Industrial Press,2007
[26] Lysmer J,Richart F E.Dynamic response of footings to vertical loading.Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division t 1966,2(1) :65～91
[27] 张学良,黄玉美,傅卫平等.粗糙表面法向接触刚度的分形模型.应用力学学报,2000,17(2) :31～35 Zhang X L,Huang Y M,Fu W P,et al.Fractal model of normal contact stiffness between rough surfaces.Journal of Applied Mechanics (in Chinese) ,2000,17(2) :31 ～ 35
[28] 孙建国.岩石物理学基础.北京:地质出版社,2006 Sun J G.Petrophysics Basis ( in Chinese ).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006
[29] 张库绪.土动力学.北京:地震出版社,1989 Zhang K X.Soil Dynamics (in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1989
[30] 李素英,李晓兵,符娜等.内蒙古典型草原区土壤硬度与土壤水分的空间变化分析.干旱区地理,2007,30(2) :196～201 Li S Y,Li X B,Fu N,et al.Spatial change of soil hardness and soil moisture in typical steppe area of Inner Mongolia. Arid Land Geography (in Chinese) ,2007,30(2) :196～201
[31] 谢和平.分形-岩石力学导论.北京:科学出版社,1996 Xie H P.Introduction to Fractal and Rock Mechanics C in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1996
[32] 彭真明,李亚林,巫盛洪等.碳酸盐岩储层多角度弹性阻抗流体识别方法.地球物理学报,2008,51(3) :881～885 Peng Z M,Li Y L,Wu S H,et al.Discriminating gas and water using multi-angle extended elastic impedance inversion in carbonate reservoirs.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,5l(3) :881～885
[33] 张凤蛟,韩立国,董世学.检波器尾锥与地表耦合阻尼研究.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(增刊):96～100 Zhang F J,Han L G,Dong S X.The research of the damping between the geophone spike and ground.Journal of Jilin University ( Earth Science Edition ) (in Chinese ) ,2006,36(Suppl.) :96 ～100
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心