共反射角叠前偏移成像研究及应用
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摘要
共偏移距道集已被广泛地应用于地震速度建模及振幅随偏移距变化(AVO)的研究中,但复杂构造及射线多路径产生的共偏移距道集不保幅性等一系列缺陷给AVO研究带来很大的困难.共反射角道集包含有能反映地下速度和岩性变化的信息,更有利于速度模型优化、地震振幅属性分析及地下岩性和断裂的研究.本文通过研究共反射角深度偏移方法和理论,完善了基于目标的共反射角深度偏移技术,提出了获得相对保幅共反射角道集方法.该方法克服了共偏移距域道集在复杂介质中遇到的困难,更能有效地反映波场和地质结构方面的信息.通过理论模型数据进行了试算,并采用实际地震数据对此方法进行了验证,在陡倾角成像方面取得较好效果.
Because there are multi-paths during the process of seismic wave propagation in complex media, the common offset gather will bring on the problem that the location of underground reflector can not be given accurately. The common reflection angle gather(CRA) can solve the problem, it is the main method of imaging accurately, AVA analysis and amplitude preserving migration imaging in complex area. Especially in complex structural area with wide reflection angles, even with multiple wave arrivals, the amplitude and phase of reflection event can be effectively preserved. This article is based on the common reflection angle migration of object body, to research how to get common reflection angle gather, calculate traveling time, geometric diffusion factor and the impact of migration stretching on CRA gather. We have calculated with theoretical models, at the same time validated the method with 2D real data, and achieved good effect in the steep dip imaging. We think that the CRA gather in angle domains is better for optimizing velocity model and doing AVA analysis, it can be a new direction of pre-stacked inversion and lithologic prediction in future.
Because there are multi-paths during the process of seismic wave propagation in complex media, the common offset gather will bring on the problem that the location of underground reflector can not be given accurately. The common reflection angle gather(CRA) can solve the problem, it is the main method of imaging accurately, AVA analysis and amplitude preserving migration imaging in complex area. Especially in complex structural area with wide reflection angles, even with multiple wave arrivals, the amplitude and phase of reflection event can be effectively preserved. This article is based on the common reflection angle migration of object body, to research how to get common reflection angle gather, calculate traveling time, geometric diffusion factor and the impact of migration stretching on CRA gather. We have calculated with theoretical models, at the same time validated the method with 2D real data, and achieved good effect in the steep dip imaging. We think that the CRA gather in angle domains is better for optimizing velocity model and doing AVA analysis, it can be a new direction of pre-stacked inversion and lithologic prediction in future.
引文
[1] 陈生昌,马在田,Wu Rushan.波动方程角度域共成像道集.地球科学,2007,32(4) :569～573 Chen S C,Ma Z T,Wu R S.Angle domain common image gather for wave equation.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),2007,32(4) :569～573
[2] Duquet B,Ehinger A,L Uv P.A new imaging techniqu e for reliable migration velocity analysis.64 Ann.Interuat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1994． 1187～1190
[3] Xu S,Chauris H,Lambare G,Noble M.Common angle image gather:a strategy for imaging complex media.Extended Abstracts,Soc.Expl.Geophys,1998． 1538～1541
[4] De Bruin C G M,Wapenaar C P A,Berkhout A J.Angledependent reflectivity by means of prestack migration.Geophysics,1990,55(9) :1223～1234
[5] Prucha M,Biondi B,Symes W.Angel-domain common image gather by wave-equation migration.Extended Abstracts,Soc.Expl.Geophys,2001． 824～827
[6] Sava P,Fomel S.Angle domain common image gathers by wave field continuation methods.Geophysics,2003,65(3) :1065～1074
[7] 陈生昌,曹景忠,马在田.叠前地震数据的平面波深度偏移法.地球物理学报,2003,46(6) :821～826 Chen S C,Cao J Z,Ma Z T.A method of plane wave depth migration for pre-stack seismic data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(6) :821～826
[8] 陈凌,吴如山,王伟君.基于Gabor-Daubechies小波束叠前深度偏移的角度域共成像道集.地球物理学报,2004,47(5) :876～884 Chen L,Wu R S,Wang W J.Common angle image gathers obtained from Gabor-Daubechies beamlet prestack depth migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5) :876～884
[9] 王西文,刘全新,苏明军等.多井约束下的速度建模方法和应用.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3) :263～367 Wang X W,Liu Q X,Su M J,et al.Multi-well constrained velocity model-building method and its application.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2003,35(3) :263～367
[10] Xu S,Chauris H,Lambaré G,Noble M.Common angle migration:A strategy for imaging complex media.Geophysics,2001,66(6) :1877～1894
[11] 张宇.振幅保真的单程波方程偏移理论.地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1410～1430 Zhang Y.The theory of true amplitude one-way wave equation migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5) :1410～1430
[12] 王西文,杨孔庆,周立宏等.基于小波变换的地震相干体算法研究.地球物理学报,2002,45(6) :847～852 Wang X W,Yang K Q,Zhou L H,et al.Methods of calculating coherence cube on the basis of wavelet transform.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(6) :847～852
[13] Thomson C J,Chapman C H..An introduction to Maslov's asymptotic method.Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.1985,83(1) :143～168
[14] Miller D,Oristaglio M,Beylkin G.A new slant on seismic imaging:migration and integral geometry.Geophysics,1987,52(7) :943～964
[15] Schleicher J,Hubral P,Tygel M,et al.Minimum apertures and Fresnel zones in migration and demigration.Geophysics,1997,62:183～194
[16] Koren Z,Kosloff D.Common reflection angle migration,a special issue of the JSE,seismic True Amplitudes edited by Martin Tygel.2001
[17] 刘文卿.提高地震速度场精度的一种方法.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37:176～178 Liu W Q.A method for improving the accuracy of seismic velocity.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2002,37:176～178
[18] 徐升,Gilles Lambaré.复杂介质下保真振幅Kirchhoff深度偏移.地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1431～1444 Xu S,Gilles Lambaré.True amplitude Kirchhoff pre-stack depth migration in complex media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5) :1431～1444
[19] 刘守伟,程玖兵,王华忠等.偏移距域/角度域共成像点道集与偏移速度的关系.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2007,32(4) :575～582 Liu S W,Cheng J B,Wang H Z.Relationships between offset domain/angle domain common image gathers and migration velocity.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),2007,32(4) :575～582
[20] Stolk C C,Symes.Kinematic artifacts in pre-stack depth migration.Geophysics,2004,69(2) :562～575
[21] 刘洪,刘红伟.Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移角度道集.地球物理学报,20l0,53(5) :1207～1214 Liu H,Liu H W.Common-angle gathers based on Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(5) :1207～1214
[22] 袁江华,刘洪,首皓等.面向目标的叠前角度道集提取策略.石油物探,2007,46(4) :334～338 Yuan J H,Liu H,Shou H,et al.Extraction scheme for object-oriented prestack angle gathers.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2007,46(4) :334～338
[23] 程玖兵,王华忠,马在田.窄方位地震数据双平方根方程偏移方法探讨.地球物理学报,2005,48(2) :399～405 Cheng J B,Wang H Z,Ma Z T.Double square root equation migration methods of narrow azimuth seismic data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2) :399～405
[2] Duquet B,Ehinger A,L Uv P.A new imaging techniqu e for reliable migration velocity analysis.64 Ann.Interuat.Mtg.Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1994． 1187～1190
[3] Xu S,Chauris H,Lambare G,Noble M.Common angle image gather:a strategy for imaging complex media.Extended Abstracts,Soc.Expl.Geophys,1998． 1538～1541
[4] De Bruin C G M,Wapenaar C P A,Berkhout A J.Angledependent reflectivity by means of prestack migration.Geophysics,1990,55(9) :1223～1234
[5] Prucha M,Biondi B,Symes W.Angel-domain common image gather by wave-equation migration.Extended Abstracts,Soc.Expl.Geophys,2001． 824～827
[6] Sava P,Fomel S.Angle domain common image gathers by wave field continuation methods.Geophysics,2003,65(3) :1065～1074
[7] 陈生昌,曹景忠,马在田.叠前地震数据的平面波深度偏移法.地球物理学报,2003,46(6) :821～826 Chen S C,Cao J Z,Ma Z T.A method of plane wave depth migration for pre-stack seismic data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(6) :821～826
[8] 陈凌,吴如山,王伟君.基于Gabor-Daubechies小波束叠前深度偏移的角度域共成像道集.地球物理学报,2004,47(5) :876～884 Chen L,Wu R S,Wang W J.Common angle image gathers obtained from Gabor-Daubechies beamlet prestack depth migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5) :876～884
[9] 王西文,刘全新,苏明军等.多井约束下的速度建模方法和应用.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3) :263～367 Wang X W,Liu Q X,Su M J,et al.Multi-well constrained velocity model-building method and its application.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2003,35(3) :263～367
[10] Xu S,Chauris H,Lambaré G,Noble M.Common angle migration:A strategy for imaging complex media.Geophysics,2001,66(6) :1877～1894
[11] 张宇.振幅保真的单程波方程偏移理论.地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1410～1430 Zhang Y.The theory of true amplitude one-way wave equation migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5) :1410～1430
[12] 王西文,杨孔庆,周立宏等.基于小波变换的地震相干体算法研究.地球物理学报,2002,45(6) :847～852 Wang X W,Yang K Q,Zhou L H,et al.Methods of calculating coherence cube on the basis of wavelet transform.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(6) :847～852
[13] Thomson C J,Chapman C H..An introduction to Maslov's asymptotic method.Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.1985,83(1) :143～168
[14] Miller D,Oristaglio M,Beylkin G.A new slant on seismic imaging:migration and integral geometry.Geophysics,1987,52(7) :943～964
[15] Schleicher J,Hubral P,Tygel M,et al.Minimum apertures and Fresnel zones in migration and demigration.Geophysics,1997,62:183～194
[16] Koren Z,Kosloff D.Common reflection angle migration,a special issue of the JSE,seismic True Amplitudes edited by Martin Tygel.2001
[17] 刘文卿.提高地震速度场精度的一种方法.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37:176～178 Liu W Q.A method for improving the accuracy of seismic velocity.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2002,37:176～178
[18] 徐升,Gilles Lambaré.复杂介质下保真振幅Kirchhoff深度偏移.地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1431～1444 Xu S,Gilles Lambaré.True amplitude Kirchhoff pre-stack depth migration in complex media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(5) :1431～1444
[19] 刘守伟,程玖兵,王华忠等.偏移距域/角度域共成像点道集与偏移速度的关系.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2007,32(4) :575～582 Liu S W,Cheng J B,Wang H Z.Relationships between offset domain/angle domain common image gathers and migration velocity.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),2007,32(4) :575～582
[20] Stolk C C,Symes.Kinematic artifacts in pre-stack depth migration.Geophysics,2004,69(2) :562～575
[21] 刘洪,刘红伟.Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移角度道集.地球物理学报,20l0,53(5) :1207～1214 Liu H,Liu H W.Common-angle gathers based on Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(5) :1207～1214
[22] 袁江华,刘洪,首皓等.面向目标的叠前角度道集提取策略.石油物探,2007,46(4) :334～338 Yuan J H,Liu H,Shou H,et al.Extraction scheme for object-oriented prestack angle gathers.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2007,46(4) :334～338
[23] 程玖兵,王华忠,马在田.窄方位地震数据双平方根方程偏移方法探讨.地球物理学报,2005,48(2) :399～405 Cheng J B,Wang H Z,Ma Z T.Double square root equation migration methods of narrow azimuth seismic data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2) :399～405
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