延怀盆地活动断裂运动与现代构造应力场
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摘要
延怀盆地包括延矾、怀涿两个相互连通的次级盆地。野外地震地质调查和断裂滑动观测表明:延矾盆地NE向活动断裂以右旋走滑为主,兼具正断层分量;怀涿盆地NE向活动断裂以正断为主,兼具右旋走滑分量;盆地内NW向断裂以左旋走滑为主,兼具正断层分量。采用野外观测取得的10个测点337条活断层擦痕数据,利用由断层滑动资料反演构造应力张量的方法,计算获得了研究区现代构造应力场的主要特征:延矾盆地现代构造应力场以NEE—近EW向挤压、NNW向—近SN向拉张为主要特征,应力结构均为走滑型。其最大主压应力(σ1)方向为N74°～88°E,平均倾角18°;最小主压应力(σ3)方向为近SN,近水平;中间主应力(σ2)倾角较陡,近垂直。怀涿盆地以NNW向拉张为主要特征,应力结构为正断型为主。其最大主压应力(σ1)平均倾角68°,近垂直;中间主应力(σ2)倾角较缓,最大的不超过35°;最小主压应力(σ3)方向为NNW—近SN向,近水平。断层滑动反演的结果与北京及周边地区由震源机制解资料反演分析结果基本一致。
Yanhuai Basin contains Yanfan Basin and Huaizhuo Basin,which are connected one another.According to field seismo-geological investigation and fault slip observation,the active faults in northeast direction in Yanfan Basin are mainly dextral strike-slip,with some cases of normal fault.But in Huaizhuo Basin,the situation is opposite,the active faults in northeast direction are mainly normal faults,with some cases of strike slip.However,in the whole Yanhuai Basin,the active faults in northwest direction are mostly sinistral strike-slip,also with some cases of normal fault.By field investigation and observation,we got 337 data of active fault slickensides.And using the method of inversion of fault slip data,we can obtain the following characteristics of recent tectonic stress field in the research region.It is characterized by near NEE—EW maximum compressional stress and by near NNW—NS minimum extensional stress in Yanfan Basin,and the stress regimes are all of strike slip.The direction of the maximum principal compressional stress(σ1)is N74°E～N88°E,and the average dip angle is 18°.The minimum principal compressional stress(σ3)is nearly in NS direction,it's nearly horizontal.And the dip angle of middle principal compressional stress(σ2)is nearly vertical.However,in Huaizhuo Basin,it is characterized by NNW minimum extensional stress,and the stress regimes are mainly normal fault.Its maximum principal compressional stress(σ1)is nearly vertical,and the average dip angle is 68°.The dip angles of the middle principal compressional stress(σ2)are flat,the largest is not over 35° and the minimum principal compressional stress(σ3)is in NNW—NS direction,it's nearly horizontal.The result inverted from fault slip data is in accordance with that inverted from focal mechanism solutions data in Beijing and its adjacent region.
Yanhuai Basin contains Yanfan Basin and Huaizhuo Basin,which are connected one another.According to field seismo-geological investigation and fault slip observation,the active faults in northeast direction in Yanfan Basin are mainly dextral strike-slip,with some cases of normal fault.But in Huaizhuo Basin,the situation is opposite,the active faults in northeast direction are mainly normal faults,with some cases of strike slip.However,in the whole Yanhuai Basin,the active faults in northwest direction are mostly sinistral strike-slip,also with some cases of normal fault.By field investigation and observation,we got 337 data of active fault slickensides.And using the method of inversion of fault slip data,we can obtain the following characteristics of recent tectonic stress field in the research region.It is characterized by near NEE—EW maximum compressional stress and by near NNW—NS minimum extensional stress in Yanfan Basin,and the stress regimes are all of strike slip.The direction of the maximum principal compressional stress(σ1)is N74°E～N88°E,and the average dip angle is 18°.The minimum principal compressional stress(σ3)is nearly in NS direction,it's nearly horizontal.And the dip angle of middle principal compressional stress(σ2)is nearly vertical.However,in Huaizhuo Basin,it is characterized by NNW minimum extensional stress,and the stress regimes are mainly normal fault.Its maximum principal compressional stress(σ1)is nearly vertical,and the average dip angle is 68°.The dip angles of the middle principal compressional stress(σ2)are flat,the largest is not over 35° and the minimum principal compressional stress(σ3)is in NNW—NS direction,it's nearly horizontal.The result inverted from fault slip data is in accordance with that inverted from focal mechanism solutions data in Beijing and its adjacent region.
引文
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程绍平,杨桂枝,杨喆.1994.论延庆盆地北缘断裂带蚕房营段晚更新世晚期断层作用[J].地震地质,16(4):346—354.CHENG Shao-ping,YANG Gui-zhi,YANG Zhe.1994.The latest Pleistocene faulting along the Canfangying segment ofthe fault zone along the northern margin of Yanqing Basin[J].Seismology and Geology,16(4):346—354(inChinese).
程绍平,方仲景,杨桂枝,等.1995.论延庆盆地北缘断裂带的分段与地震预测[J].地震地质,17(3):231—240.CHENG Shao-ping,FANG Zhong-jing,YANG Gui-zhi,et al.1995.On segmentation of the fault zone along the northernmargin of Yan Qing Basin and earthquake prediction[J].Seismology and Geology,17(3):231—240(in Chi-nese).
崔效锋,谢富仁.1999.利用震源机制解对中国西南及邻区进行应力分区的初步研究[J].地震学报,21(5):513—522.CUI Xiao-feng,XIE Fu-ren.1999.Preliminary research on regional division of stress field from focal mechanism solu-tions in Southwest China and its adjacent area[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,12(5):562—572.
高文学,马瑾主编.1993.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害[M].北京:地震出版社.GAO Wen-xue,MA Jin(eds).1993.Seismo-geological Background and Earthquake Hazard in Beijing Area[M].Seis-mological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
李钦祖,靳雅敏,于新昌.1982.华北地区的震源机制解与地壳应力场[J].地震学报,4(1):55—61.LI Qin-zu,Jin Ya-min,YU Xin-chang.1982.Focal mechanisms and crustal stress field in North China[J].Acta Seis-mologica Sinica,4(1):55—61(in Chinese).
潘文杰,赵仁甲,郑国荣,等.1986.唐山中强余震前震中附近的地震衰减特征[J].中国地震,2(4):73—81.PAN Wen-jie,ZHAO Ren-jia,ZHENG Guo-rong,et al.1986.Attenuation of the aftershocks in the epicentral area be-fore moderately strong aftershocks of the Tangshan earthquake[J].Earthquake Research in China,2(4):73—81(in Chinese).
冉勇康,方仲景,李志义,等.1992.河北怀来-涿鹿盆地北缘活断层的古地震事件与断层分段[J].中国地震,8(3):74—85.RAN Yong-kang,FANG Zhong-jing,LI Zhi-yi,et al.1992.Paleoseismicity and segmentation along the active fault atthe north boundary of Huailai-Zhuolu Basin,Hebei Province[J].Earthquake Research in China,8(3):74—85(in Chinese).
冉勇康,王景钵,彭斯震,等.1995.河北宣化盆地南缘断裂的古地震遗迹[J].地震地质,17(1):44—46.RAN Yong-kang,WANG Jing-bo,PENG Si-zhen,et al.1995.Palaeoearthquake traces along the southern boundaryfault of Xuanhua Basin,Hebei Province[J].Seismology and Geology,17(1):44—46(in Chinese).
冉勇康,方仲景,段瑞涛,等.1998.河北矾山盆地北缘断层八营段的古地震重复模型[J].中国地震,14(1):47—58.RAN Yong-kang,FANG Zhong-jing,DUAN Rui-tao,et al.1998.Model for paleoearthquake recurrence along Bayingsegment of the north margin fault of Fanshan Basin in Hebei Province[J].Earthquake Research in China,14(1):47—58(in Chinese).
魏光兴,周翠英,侯海峰,等.1982.华北地区中小地震应力场的优势方向[J].地球物理学报,25(4):333—343.WEI Guang-xing,ZHOU Cui-ying,HOU Hai-feng,et al.1982.Dominant directions of stress field from minor earth-quakes in northeastern China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,25(4):333-343(in Chinese).
谢富仁,刘光勋.1989.阿尔金断裂带中段区域新构造应力场分析[J].中国地震,5(3):26—36.XIE Fu-ren,LIU Guang-xun.1989.Analysis of neotectonic stress field in area of the central segment of Altun Faultzone,China[J].Earthquake Research in China,5(3):26—36(in Chinese).
谢富仁,祝景忠,梁海庆,等.1993.中国西南地区现代构造应力场基本特征[J].地震学报,15(4):407—417.XIE Fu-ren,ZHU Jing-zhong,LIANG Hai-qing,et al.1993.The basic characteristics of recent tectonic stress field insouthwest region of China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,15(4):407—417(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社.XU Xi-wei,WU Wei-min,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2002.Newchanging of crustal tectonic and earthquakes in capitalcircle[M].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
许向彤,陈运泰,王培德.1997.怀来盆地的构造应力场[J].地震地磁观测与研究,18(1):1—8.XU Xiang-tong,CHEN Yun-tai,WANG Pei-de.1997.Tectonic stress field in Huailai Basin[J].Seismological andGeomagnetic Observation and Research,18(1):1—8(in Chinese).
许忠淮,刘玉芬,张郢珍,等.1979.京津唐地区地震应力场的方向特征[J].地震学报,1(2):121—132.XU Zhong-huai,LIU Yu-fen,ZHANG Cheng-zhen,et al.1979.On the characteristic of direction of the earthquakestress field around the Beijing area[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1(2):121—132(in Chinese).
许忠淮,戈澍谟.1984.用滑动方向拟合法反演富蕴地震断裂带应力场[J].地震学报,6(4):395—404.XU Zhong-huai,GE Shu-mo.1984.Stress field in the Fuyun,Xinjiang earthquake fracture zone determined by fittingfault slip vector data[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,6(4):395—404(in Chinese).
许忠淮.1985.用滑动方向拟合法反演唐山余震区的平均应力场[J].地震学报,7(4):349—361.XU Zhong-huai.1985.The mean stress field in Tangshan aftershock area determined by fitting fault slip vector[J].Ac-ta Seismologica Sinica,7(4):349—361(in Chinese).
叶洪,张文郁.1980.初论华北板内地震断层特征及其与地壳上地幔动力学过程的关系[J].地震地质,2(1):27—38.YE Hong,ZHANG Wen-yu.1980.The characteristics of intraplate earthquake faults in North China and their relation-ship to the dynamical processes in earth s curst and uppermost mantle[J].Seismology and Geology,2(1):27—38(in Chinese).
张先康,王椿镛,刘国栋,等.1996.延庆-怀来地区地壳细结构:利用深地震反射剖面[J].地球物理学报,39(3):356—364.ZHANG Xian-kang,WANG Chun-yong,LIU Guo-dong,et al.1996.Fine crustal structure in Yanqing-Huailai regionby deep seismic reflection profiling[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,39(3):356—364(in Chinese).
张之立,王成宝,方兴,等.1989.唐山地震破裂过程的雁行断裂模式及理论和试验模式[J].地震学报,11(3):291—302.ZHANG Zhi-li,WANG Cheng-bao,FANG Xing,et al.1989.An echelon fracture model for the Tangshan earthquakesequence as well as simulation in theory and experiment[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,11(3):291—302(inChinese).
Abgelier J.1984.Tectionic analysis of fault slip data sets[J].J Geophys Res,89(B7):5835—5848.
Nabelck J,Wang-ping Chen and Hong Ye.1987.The Tangshan earthquake sequence and its implications for the evolu-tion of the North China Basin[J].J Geophys Res,92(B12):12615—12628.
程绍平,杨桂枝,杨喆.1994.论延庆盆地北缘断裂带蚕房营段晚更新世晚期断层作用[J].地震地质,16(4):346—354.CHENG Shao-ping,YANG Gui-zhi,YANG Zhe.1994.The latest Pleistocene faulting along the Canfangying segment ofthe fault zone along the northern margin of Yanqing Basin[J].Seismology and Geology,16(4):346—354(inChinese).
程绍平,方仲景,杨桂枝,等.1995.论延庆盆地北缘断裂带的分段与地震预测[J].地震地质,17(3):231—240.CHENG Shao-ping,FANG Zhong-jing,YANG Gui-zhi,et al.1995.On segmentation of the fault zone along the northernmargin of Yan Qing Basin and earthquake prediction[J].Seismology and Geology,17(3):231—240(in Chi-nese).
崔效锋,谢富仁.1999.利用震源机制解对中国西南及邻区进行应力分区的初步研究[J].地震学报,21(5):513—522.CUI Xiao-feng,XIE Fu-ren.1999.Preliminary research on regional division of stress field from focal mechanism solu-tions in Southwest China and its adjacent area[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,12(5):562—572.
高文学,马瑾主编.1993.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害[M].北京:地震出版社.GAO Wen-xue,MA Jin(eds).1993.Seismo-geological Background and Earthquake Hazard in Beijing Area[M].Seis-mological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
李钦祖,靳雅敏,于新昌.1982.华北地区的震源机制解与地壳应力场[J].地震学报,4(1):55—61.LI Qin-zu,Jin Ya-min,YU Xin-chang.1982.Focal mechanisms and crustal stress field in North China[J].Acta Seis-mologica Sinica,4(1):55—61(in Chinese).
潘文杰,赵仁甲,郑国荣,等.1986.唐山中强余震前震中附近的地震衰减特征[J].中国地震,2(4):73—81.PAN Wen-jie,ZHAO Ren-jia,ZHENG Guo-rong,et al.1986.Attenuation of the aftershocks in the epicentral area be-fore moderately strong aftershocks of the Tangshan earthquake[J].Earthquake Research in China,2(4):73—81(in Chinese).
冉勇康,方仲景,李志义,等.1992.河北怀来-涿鹿盆地北缘活断层的古地震事件与断层分段[J].中国地震,8(3):74—85.RAN Yong-kang,FANG Zhong-jing,LI Zhi-yi,et al.1992.Paleoseismicity and segmentation along the active fault atthe north boundary of Huailai-Zhuolu Basin,Hebei Province[J].Earthquake Research in China,8(3):74—85(in Chinese).
冉勇康,王景钵,彭斯震,等.1995.河北宣化盆地南缘断裂的古地震遗迹[J].地震地质,17(1):44—46.RAN Yong-kang,WANG Jing-bo,PENG Si-zhen,et al.1995.Palaeoearthquake traces along the southern boundaryfault of Xuanhua Basin,Hebei Province[J].Seismology and Geology,17(1):44—46(in Chinese).
冉勇康,方仲景,段瑞涛,等.1998.河北矾山盆地北缘断层八营段的古地震重复模型[J].中国地震,14(1):47—58.RAN Yong-kang,FANG Zhong-jing,DUAN Rui-tao,et al.1998.Model for paleoearthquake recurrence along Bayingsegment of the north margin fault of Fanshan Basin in Hebei Province[J].Earthquake Research in China,14(1):47—58(in Chinese).
魏光兴,周翠英,侯海峰,等.1982.华北地区中小地震应力场的优势方向[J].地球物理学报,25(4):333—343.WEI Guang-xing,ZHOU Cui-ying,HOU Hai-feng,et al.1982.Dominant directions of stress field from minor earth-quakes in northeastern China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,25(4):333-343(in Chinese).
谢富仁,刘光勋.1989.阿尔金断裂带中段区域新构造应力场分析[J].中国地震,5(3):26—36.XIE Fu-ren,LIU Guang-xun.1989.Analysis of neotectonic stress field in area of the central segment of Altun Faultzone,China[J].Earthquake Research in China,5(3):26—36(in Chinese).
谢富仁,祝景忠,梁海庆,等.1993.中国西南地区现代构造应力场基本特征[J].地震学报,15(4):407—417.XIE Fu-ren,ZHU Jing-zhong,LIANG Hai-qing,et al.1993.The basic characteristics of recent tectonic stress field insouthwest region of China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,15(4):407—417(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社.XU Xi-wei,WU Wei-min,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2002.Newchanging of crustal tectonic and earthquakes in capitalcircle[M].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
许向彤,陈运泰,王培德.1997.怀来盆地的构造应力场[J].地震地磁观测与研究,18(1):1—8.XU Xiang-tong,CHEN Yun-tai,WANG Pei-de.1997.Tectonic stress field in Huailai Basin[J].Seismological andGeomagnetic Observation and Research,18(1):1—8(in Chinese).
许忠淮,刘玉芬,张郢珍,等.1979.京津唐地区地震应力场的方向特征[J].地震学报,1(2):121—132.XU Zhong-huai,LIU Yu-fen,ZHANG Cheng-zhen,et al.1979.On the characteristic of direction of the earthquakestress field around the Beijing area[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1(2):121—132(in Chinese).
许忠淮,戈澍谟.1984.用滑动方向拟合法反演富蕴地震断裂带应力场[J].地震学报,6(4):395—404.XU Zhong-huai,GE Shu-mo.1984.Stress field in the Fuyun,Xinjiang earthquake fracture zone determined by fittingfault slip vector data[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,6(4):395—404(in Chinese).
许忠淮.1985.用滑动方向拟合法反演唐山余震区的平均应力场[J].地震学报,7(4):349—361.XU Zhong-huai.1985.The mean stress field in Tangshan aftershock area determined by fitting fault slip vector[J].Ac-ta Seismologica Sinica,7(4):349—361(in Chinese).
叶洪,张文郁.1980.初论华北板内地震断层特征及其与地壳上地幔动力学过程的关系[J].地震地质,2(1):27—38.YE Hong,ZHANG Wen-yu.1980.The characteristics of intraplate earthquake faults in North China and their relation-ship to the dynamical processes in earth s curst and uppermost mantle[J].Seismology and Geology,2(1):27—38(in Chinese).
张先康,王椿镛,刘国栋,等.1996.延庆-怀来地区地壳细结构:利用深地震反射剖面[J].地球物理学报,39(3):356—364.ZHANG Xian-kang,WANG Chun-yong,LIU Guo-dong,et al.1996.Fine crustal structure in Yanqing-Huailai regionby deep seismic reflection profiling[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,39(3):356—364(in Chinese).
张之立,王成宝,方兴,等.1989.唐山地震破裂过程的雁行断裂模式及理论和试验模式[J].地震学报,11(3):291—302.ZHANG Zhi-li,WANG Cheng-bao,FANG Xing,et al.1989.An echelon fracture model for the Tangshan earthquakesequence as well as simulation in theory and experiment[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,11(3):291—302(inChinese).
Abgelier J.1984.Tectionic analysis of fault slip data sets[J].J Geophys Res,89(B7):5835—5848.
Nabelck J,Wang-ping Chen and Hong Ye.1987.The Tangshan earthquake sequence and its implications for the evolu-tion of the North China Basin[J].J Geophys Res,92(B12):12615—12628.
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