面元细分处理资料的分辨率定量评价
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摘要
以永新工区高精度采集的地震资料为例,对高精度勘探的面元细分方法及细分处理资料的分辨率进行了评价。首先给出了面元细分的方法及面元细分对地震资料分辨率的影响,介绍了现有的一些分辨率计算方法。对于纵向分辨率,主要从λ/4传统薄层分辨率和高截频二个方面进行了讨论;对于横向分辨率,从菲涅耳带半径、防空间假频、Lindsey分辨率定义、考虑偏移孔径的分辨率等四个方面进行了分析、比较。通过研究,得出了有一定借鉴意义的结论:①在现有常规检波器条件下,面元细分处理对地震资料的分辨率影响较小,其变化不大;②在单道记录信噪比已较高的情况下,想通过提高覆盖次数来提高资料的分辨率,其提升空间有限;③就横向分辨率而言,考虑偏移孔径的计算方法,结果比较准确;④对于东部地区,从性价比上考虑,覆盖次数150,200已能满足要求,太高的覆盖次数没有从本质上改进资料的质量。
This article analyzes the method of bin-dividing seismic data processing in high resolution seismic exploration and evaluates the resolution of processed seismic data in YongXin area.Firstly,we present the method of bin-dividing,introduce the effects of bin-dividing method and recommend some methods of resolution calculation.For vertical resolution,the main rules to evaluate the resolution are traditional laminar layer (λ/4) and high cutoff frequency.For horizontal resolution,there are a lot of evaluation rules,such as Fresnel zone radius,spatial alias,definition of Lindsey resolution,resolution of migration aperture,etc.Through our study,we can get some significant conclusions:① Bin-dividing processing has little influence on resolution in the condition of conventional geophones;② with high S/N in single trace,it's useless to enhance resolution by increasing fold;③ For horizontal resolution,the method based on migration aperture works better and ④ In east China area,the fold of seismic exploration between 150 and 200 is well considering exploration costs.High fold can not enhance the quality of seismic data essentially.
This article analyzes the method of bin-dividing seismic data processing in high resolution seismic exploration and evaluates the resolution of processed seismic data in YongXin area.Firstly,we present the method of bin-dividing,introduce the effects of bin-dividing method and recommend some methods of resolution calculation.For vertical resolution,the main rules to evaluate the resolution are traditional laminar layer (λ/4) and high cutoff frequency.For horizontal resolution,there are a lot of evaluation rules,such as Fresnel zone radius,spatial alias,definition of Lindsey resolution,resolution of migration aperture,etc.Through our study,we can get some significant conclusions:① Bin-dividing processing has little influence on resolution in the condition of conventional geophones;② with high S/N in single trace,it's useless to enhance resolution by increasing fold;③ For horizontal resolution,the method based on migration aperture works better and ④ In east China area,the fold of seismic exploration between 150 and 200 is well considering exploration costs.High fold can not enhance the quality of seismic data essentially.
引文
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[2]李庆忠,魏继东.高密度地震采集中组合效应对高频截止频率的影响[J].地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):363.
[3]高银波,张妍.关于面元计算和观测系统设计的思考[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(4):383.
[4]宋长愿,段建华,费明泽,等.小面元采集三维地震勘探技术应用初探[J].中国煤田地质,2007,19(sup2):120.
[5]康家光.二维可变线元观测技术及应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2003,25(3):211.
[6]熊金良、岳英、杨勇,等.面元大小与纵向分辨率关系[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):489.
[7]梁光河.信噪比的估算及其在提高分辨率处理中的应用[J].石油物探,1998,37(3):64.
[8]陆文凯,李衍达.SVD分解提高地震资料的信噪比和分辨率[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(A01):145.
[9]文晓涛,贺锡雷,黄德济,等.提高地震剖面横向分辨率与压制噪音的试验研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2003,25(1):23.
[10]王绪松,钱雪峰,李波涛.第一菲涅尔带半径与地震资料的横向分辨力[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(4):244.
[11]MATTHIAS BRHL,GIJS J O.VERMEER,MICHAEL KIEHN.Fresnel zones for broadband data[J].Geophys-ics,1996,61(2):600.
[12]KNAPP R W.Fresnel zones in the light of broadband data[J].Geophysics,1991,56(3):354.
[13]SHERIFF R E.Nomogram for Fresnel-zone calculation[J].Geophysics,1980,45:968.
[14]LINDSEY J P.The Fresnel zone and its interpretive sig-nificance[J].The Leading Edge,1989,33:39.
[15]CHEN J,SCHUSTER G T.Resolution limits of migrated images[J].Geophysics,1999,64(4):1046.
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