基于Landsat数据的郭扎错北面冰川近20年来面积动态变化遥感研究
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摘要
冰川能够敏感地反映区域环境变化,是研究全球变化的重要因素之一。昆仑山地区冰川集中,是研究冰川动态变化的理想区域。根据郭扎错北面1991~2009年Landsat TM与ETM+遥感影像,研究了该地区冰川近20 a来的变化情况。结果发现,该地区冰川变化显著,并得出以下结论:①郭扎错北面冰川面积在1991~2009年间具有先增加后减少的波动规律;②该区域内存在东部冰川比西部变化量大和变化率快的差异性;③该地区中峰冰川在2001~2004年间面积大幅增加,可能与2001年11月14日发生在昆仑山口以西的8.1级强烈地震有关;④该研究区内冰川面积变化主要受年均温度和年累积降水量的综合影响。
Glaciers can sensitively reflect the changes of the regional environment that they has become one of the important factors to study the global changes.The glaciers of the Kunlun mountains are concentrated.This area is the ideal one to study glacier dynamic changes.According to the Landsat TM and ETM+ remote sensing images of the year from 1991 to 2009 about the Kunlun moutains,we studied the changes of the glaciers in the recent 20 years.As a result,we found these glaciers changed obviously and concluded that:① The glaciers to the north of the Guozhacuo lake owned the fluctuation pattern from 1991 to 2009;② There existed the difference between the east and west that the changed amount and rate of the east were larger and faster than the west;③ About the phenomenon that the Zhongfeng glacier increased largely between the year 2001~2004,we inferred it may correspond to the Ms 8.1 strong earthquake occurred to the west of the Kunlun mountain pass on November 14th,2001;④ Combined with meteorological data analysis,we inferred that the changes of the glaciers in this area were synthetically caused by the temperature and precipitation.
Glaciers can sensitively reflect the changes of the regional environment that they has become one of the important factors to study the global changes.The glaciers of the Kunlun mountains are concentrated.This area is the ideal one to study glacier dynamic changes.According to the Landsat TM and ETM+ remote sensing images of the year from 1991 to 2009 about the Kunlun moutains,we studied the changes of the glaciers in the recent 20 years.As a result,we found these glaciers changed obviously and concluded that:① The glaciers to the north of the Guozhacuo lake owned the fluctuation pattern from 1991 to 2009;② There existed the difference between the east and west that the changed amount and rate of the east were larger and faster than the west;③ About the phenomenon that the Zhongfeng glacier increased largely between the year 2001~2004,we inferred it may correspond to the Ms 8.1 strong earthquake occurred to the west of the Kunlun mountain pass on November 14th,2001;④ Combined with meteorological data analysis,we inferred that the changes of the glaciers in this area were synthetically caused by the temperature and precipitation.
引文
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[14]Qu Yaoguang,Liu Jingshi,Ma Shimin.Water Resources inHetian Region and the Potentialities[J].Journal of Arid LandResources and Environment,1994,8(2):31-39.[曲耀光,刘景时,马世敏.新疆和田地区的水资源及其潜力[J].干旱区资源与环境,1994,8(2):31-39.]
[15]Li X.GLIMS Glacier Database[DB].National Snow and IceData Center/World Data Center for Glaciology.DigitalMedia,2003.
[16]Paul F,Kaab A.Perspectives on the Production of a GlacierInventory from Multispectral Satellite Data in Arctic Canada:Cumberland Peninsula,Baffin Island[J].Annals of Glaciolo-gy,2005,42:59-66.
[17]Tobias B,Brian M,Roger W.Landsat-based Inventory of Gla-ciers in Western Canada,1985-2005[J].Remote Sensing ofEnvironment,2010,114:127-137.
[18]Jia Yonghong.Digital Image Processing[M].Wuhan:WuhanUniversity Press,2003:134.[贾永红.数字图像处理[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003:134.]
[19]Xinhua Net,Unconver the Secret of Magnitude-8.1 Earth-quake in the Year 2001,Kunlun Mountain in Hoh Xil[EB/OL].http://news.xinhuanet.com/video/2008-05/16/con-tent_8184617.htm,May 16th,2008.[新华网,揭秘可可西里2001年昆仑山8.1级大地震[EB/OL],http://news.xin-huanet.com/video/2008-05/16/content_8184617.htm,2008-05-16.]
[2]IPCC.Climate Change 2001:The Scientific Basis.Contributionof Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001.
[3]Cai Dihua,Ma Jinhui,Nian Yanyun,et al.The Study of Glacier Change Using Remote Sensing in Mt.Muztagta[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2006,42(1):13-17.[蔡迪花,马金辉,年雁云,等.慕士塔格峰冰川变化遥感研究[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2006,42(1):13-17.]
[4]Nie Yong,Zhang Yili,Liu Linshan,et al.Monitoring GlacierChange based on Remote Sensing in the Mt.Qomolangma Na-tional Nature Preserve,1976-2006[J].Acta Geographica Sini-ca,2010,65(1):13-28.[聂勇,张镱锂,刘林山,等.近30年珠穆朗玛峰国家自然保护区冰川变化的遥感监测[J].地理学报,2010,65(1):13-28.]
[5]Che Tao,Li Xin,Mool P K,et al.Monitoring Glaciers and As-sociated Glacial Lakes on the East Slopes of Mount Xixabang-ma from Remote Sensing Images[J].Journal of Glaciologyand Geocryology,2005,27(6):801-805.[车涛,李新,Mool PK,等.希夏邦马峰东坡冰川与冰川湖泊变化遥感监测[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(6):801-805.]
[6]Li Deping,Wang Liping,Liu Shiyin,et al.Tupu Analysis ofthe Spatio-Temporal Glacier Variations in the Central andWestern Qangtang Plateau since the Little Ice Age[J].Jour-nal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2009,31(1):40-47.[李德平,王利平,刘时银,等.小冰期以来羌塘高原中西部冰川变化图谱分析[J].冰川冻土,2009,31(1):40-47.]
[7]Paul F,Kaab A,Maisch M,et al.The New Remote SensingDerived Swiss Glacier Inventory:I.Methods[J].Annals ofGlaciology,2002,34:355-361.
[8]Lu Anxin,Yao Tandong,Liu Shiyin,et al.Glacier Change inthe Geladandong Area of the Tibetan Plateau Monitored byRemote Sensing[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002,24(5):559-562.[鲁安新,姚檀栋,刘时银,等.青藏高原各拉丹冬地区冰川变化的遥感监测[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(5):559-562.]
[9]Li Zhen,Sun Wenxin,Zeng Qunzhu.Deriving Glacier ChangeInformation on the Xizang(Tibetan)Plateau by IntegratingRS and GIS Techniques[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1999,54(3):263-268.[李震,孙文新,曾群柱.综合RS与GIS方法提取青藏高原冰川变化信息[J].地理学报,1999,54(3):263-268.]
[10]Guo Huadong.Chinese Radar Remote Sensing Image Analysis[M].Beijing:Science Press,1999:87-89.[郭华东.中国雷达遥感图像分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:87-89.]
[11]Shangguan Donghui,Liu Shiyin,Ding Yongjian,et al.GlacierChanges at the Head of Yurungkax River in the West KunlunMountains in the Past 32 Years[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2004,59(6):855-862.[上官冬辉,刘时银,丁永建,等.玉龙喀什河源区32年来冰川变化遥感监测[J].地理学报,2004,59(6):855-862.]
[12]Song Bo,He Yuanqing,Pang Hongxi,et al.Identifying Auto-matically the Debris-covered Glaciers in China’s MonsoonalTemperate-Glacier Regions based on Remote Sensing and GIS[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(3):456-462.[宋波,何元庆,庞洪喜,等.基于遥感和GIS的我国季风海洋型冰川区冰碛物覆盖型冰川边界的自动识别[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(3):456-462.]
[13]Jin Rui,Che Tao,Li Xin,et al.Glacier Variation in the PumquBasin Derived from Remote Sensing Data and GIS Technique[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2004,26(3):261-266.[晋锐,车涛,李新,等.基于遥感和GIS的西藏朋曲流域冰川变化研究[J].冰川冻土,2004,26(3):261-266.]
[14]Qu Yaoguang,Liu Jingshi,Ma Shimin.Water Resources inHetian Region and the Potentialities[J].Journal of Arid LandResources and Environment,1994,8(2):31-39.[曲耀光,刘景时,马世敏.新疆和田地区的水资源及其潜力[J].干旱区资源与环境,1994,8(2):31-39.]
[15]Li X.GLIMS Glacier Database[DB].National Snow and IceData Center/World Data Center for Glaciology.DigitalMedia,2003.
[16]Paul F,Kaab A.Perspectives on the Production of a GlacierInventory from Multispectral Satellite Data in Arctic Canada:Cumberland Peninsula,Baffin Island[J].Annals of Glaciolo-gy,2005,42:59-66.
[17]Tobias B,Brian M,Roger W.Landsat-based Inventory of Gla-ciers in Western Canada,1985-2005[J].Remote Sensing ofEnvironment,2010,114:127-137.
[18]Jia Yonghong.Digital Image Processing[M].Wuhan:WuhanUniversity Press,2003:134.[贾永红.数字图像处理[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003:134.]
[19]Xinhua Net,Unconver the Secret of Magnitude-8.1 Earth-quake in the Year 2001,Kunlun Mountain in Hoh Xil[EB/OL].http://news.xinhuanet.com/video/2008-05/16/con-tent_8184617.htm,May 16th,2008.[新华网,揭秘可可西里2001年昆仑山8.1级大地震[EB/OL],http://news.xin-huanet.com/video/2008-05/16/content_8184617.htm,2008-05-16.]
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