叠前逆时深度偏移成像的实现与应用
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摘要
介绍了高阶有限差分求解双程波动方程和完全匹配层吸收边界条件的基本理论原理。根据逆时偏移实用化所面临的技术瓶颈,提出了GPU/CPU异构协同并行方案和震源波场重构存储策略,有效解决了逆时偏移对海量计算和存储的需求。从逆时偏移成像噪声的产生机理出发,根据噪声的传播方向一致特性、大角度特性和低频特性,采用组合压噪流程,建立针对复杂构造成像的实用化叠前逆时深度偏移技术,最大程度地压制偏移噪声、保留有效信号。理论模型测试和实际资料处理表明,该技术能够有效解决复杂地质条件下的地震成像问题,尤其是对盐丘边界和盐下等特殊构造的刻画均有显著效果。
We firstly introduced the basic principles of the higher-order finite difference for solving two-way wave equation and PML absorption boundary condition.Aimed at the technical bottleneck of practicability for RTM,we proposed GPU/CPU heterogeneous collaborative parallel scheme and storage strategy of source wavefield reconstruction,which effectively solved the enormous requirements of computation and storage of RTM.Starting from the generation mechanism of noise from RTM,by using integrated denoising workflow according to the consistent propagation direction,wide-angle and low-frequency characteristic of noise,we established practical prestack reverse-time depth migration,which can suppress migration noise and preserve effective signal.The model testing and actual data application results show that the technique can effectively resolve seismic imaging problem at the area with complex geologic conditions,especially for some special structures such as salt dome boundaries and subsalts.
We firstly introduced the basic principles of the higher-order finite difference for solving two-way wave equation and PML absorption boundary condition.Aimed at the technical bottleneck of practicability for RTM,we proposed GPU/CPU heterogeneous collaborative parallel scheme and storage strategy of source wavefield reconstruction,which effectively solved the enormous requirements of computation and storage of RTM.Starting from the generation mechanism of noise from RTM,by using integrated denoising workflow according to the consistent propagation direction,wide-angle and low-frequency characteristic of noise,we established practical prestack reverse-time depth migration,which can suppress migration noise and preserve effective signal.The model testing and actual data application results show that the technique can effectively resolve seismic imaging problem at the area with complex geologic conditions,especially for some special structures such as salt dome boundaries and subsalts.
引文
[1]Whitemore N D.Iterative depth imaging by back-ward time propagation[J].Expanded Abstracts of 53rd Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1983,382-384
[2]Wu W,Lines L R,Lu H.Analysis of higher-order finite-difference schemes in3-D reverse-time migra-tion[J].Geophysics,1996,61(3):845-846
[3]刘红伟,李博,刘洪,等.地震叠前逆时偏移高阶有限差分算法及GPU实现[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1725-1733
[4]孙文博,孙赞东.基于伪谱法的VSP逆时偏移及其应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2196-2203
[5]薛东川,王尚旭.波动方程有限元叠前逆时偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(1):18-21
[6]李信富,张美根.显式分形插值在有限元叠前逆时偏移成像中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1406-1411
[7]王童奎,付兴深,朱德献,等.谱元法叠前逆时偏移研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):681-685
[8]张美根,王妙月.各向异性弹性波有限元叠前逆时偏移[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(5):711-719
[9]陈可洋.各向异性弹性波动方程多分量联合叠后逆时偏移[J].内陆地震,2009,23(4):455-460
[10]底青云,王妙月.弹性波有限元逆时偏移技术研究[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(4):570-579
[11]张会星,宁书年.弹性波动方程叠前逆时偏移[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(5):371-375
[12]杜启振,秦童.横向各向同性介质弹性波多分量叠前逆时偏移[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3):801-807
[13]Zhang Y,Sun J,Gray S.Reverse-time migration:amplitude and implementation issues[J].Expanded Abstracts of77th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2007,2145-2149
[14]Dablain M A.The application of high-order differen-cing to the scalar wave equation[J].Geophysics,1986,51(1):54-66
[15]Zhang Y,James S.Praetical issues of reverse time migration:true amplitude gathers,noise removal and harnlonic-source encoding[J].CPS/SEG Bering 2009International Geophysical Conference&Expo-sition,2009,ID:5
[2]Wu W,Lines L R,Lu H.Analysis of higher-order finite-difference schemes in3-D reverse-time migra-tion[J].Geophysics,1996,61(3):845-846
[3]刘红伟,李博,刘洪,等.地震叠前逆时偏移高阶有限差分算法及GPU实现[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1725-1733
[4]孙文博,孙赞东.基于伪谱法的VSP逆时偏移及其应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2196-2203
[5]薛东川,王尚旭.波动方程有限元叠前逆时偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(1):18-21
[6]李信富,张美根.显式分形插值在有限元叠前逆时偏移成像中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1406-1411
[7]王童奎,付兴深,朱德献,等.谱元法叠前逆时偏移研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):681-685
[8]张美根,王妙月.各向异性弹性波有限元叠前逆时偏移[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(5):711-719
[9]陈可洋.各向异性弹性波动方程多分量联合叠后逆时偏移[J].内陆地震,2009,23(4):455-460
[10]底青云,王妙月.弹性波有限元逆时偏移技术研究[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(4):570-579
[11]张会星,宁书年.弹性波动方程叠前逆时偏移[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(5):371-375
[12]杜启振,秦童.横向各向同性介质弹性波多分量叠前逆时偏移[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3):801-807
[13]Zhang Y,Sun J,Gray S.Reverse-time migration:amplitude and implementation issues[J].Expanded Abstracts of77th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2007,2145-2149
[14]Dablain M A.The application of high-order differen-cing to the scalar wave equation[J].Geophysics,1986,51(1):54-66
[15]Zhang Y,James S.Praetical issues of reverse time migration:true amplitude gathers,noise removal and harnlonic-source encoding[J].CPS/SEG Bering 2009International Geophysical Conference&Expo-sition,2009,ID:5
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