松辽盆地徐家围子断陷边界断裂生长过程的定量分析
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摘要
徐家围子断陷位于松辽盆地中部,受徐西和宋西两条边界断裂控制。基于地震反射剖面地质解译成果,应用断层沿走向位移-长度曲线形态分析方法和沿倾向生长速率分析方法,对两条断裂的生长演化过程进行了初步的研究。结果表明,沙河子期(136～144Ma)为最主要的生长期,徐西断层的平均生长速率为35m/Ma,宋西断层的平均生长速率为71m/Ma,断陷边界断裂总体平均生长速率大于60m/Ma,两条断层主要呈现独立生长状态,只在重叠的部位发生微弱的软连接;营城期(126～136Ma)也是主要的生长期,徐西断层的平均生长速率为18m/Ma,宋西断层的平均生长速率为85m/Ma,二者发生硬连接,并基本结束了硬连接过程,以重叠处宋西断层的强烈活动为特征,断陷盆地的规模逐渐扩大,沉积厚度随之增加;营城期后断层只在局部连接地点发生微弱活动。断层生长过程中伴生构造的位置基本与油气田的分布相吻合,对它的深入研究将有助于油气勘探。
The Xujiaweizi faulting depression lies in the central part of the Songliao Basin.It is controlled by Songxi and Xuxi faults.Based on the geologic interpretations of the seismic reflection data,we have investigated the growth rate and the evolution of the master faults forming basin boundaries by applying the method of analyzing the relationship of displacement-length along strike of normal faults and the approaches for analyzing growth rate along dip direction.It is revealed that the faults formed mainly in the Shahezi Period.The average growth rate of fault is estimated to be 35 m/Ma and 71 m/Ma for Xuxi and Songxi respectively and larger than 60 m/Ma for the boundary fault system as a whole.During the Shahezi Period,Songxi and Xuxi faults were developed independently with a little soft link around their overlapping part.The Yingcheng Period was another important stage with much more intensive activities of Songxi fault,leading to a larger and deeper faulting depression with thicker sediments infilling.The average growth rate of fault was 18 m/Ma for Xuxi,and 85 m/Ma for Songxi.Hard link occurred between them.Only weak and local faulting activity occurred around some linking areas after the Yingcheng Period.The oil and gas fields are mainly located in the areas where secondary tectonic element developed.This finding bears important implications for the further oil and gas exploration in Xujiaweizi Area.
The Xujiaweizi faulting depression lies in the central part of the Songliao Basin.It is controlled by Songxi and Xuxi faults.Based on the geologic interpretations of the seismic reflection data,we have investigated the growth rate and the evolution of the master faults forming basin boundaries by applying the method of analyzing the relationship of displacement-length along strike of normal faults and the approaches for analyzing growth rate along dip direction.It is revealed that the faults formed mainly in the Shahezi Period.The average growth rate of fault is estimated to be 35 m/Ma and 71 m/Ma for Xuxi and Songxi respectively and larger than 60 m/Ma for the boundary fault system as a whole.During the Shahezi Period,Songxi and Xuxi faults were developed independently with a little soft link around their overlapping part.The Yingcheng Period was another important stage with much more intensive activities of Songxi fault,leading to a larger and deeper faulting depression with thicker sediments infilling.The average growth rate of fault was 18 m/Ma for Xuxi,and 85 m/Ma for Songxi.Hard link occurred between them.Only weak and local faulting activity occurred around some linking areas after the Yingcheng Period.The oil and gas fields are mainly located in the areas where secondary tectonic element developed.This finding bears important implications for the further oil and gas exploration in Xujiaweizi Area.
引文
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[40]Cowie P A,Shipton Z K.Fault tip displacement gradients and process zone dimensions[J].Journal of Structural Geolo-gy,1998,20:938-998.
[41]Dawers N H,Anders M H,Scholz C H.Fault length and displacement:Scaling laws[J].Geology,1993,21:1107-1110.
[42]Dawers N H,Underhill J R.The role of fault interaction and linkage in controlling syn-rift stratigraphic sequences:Late Jurassic,Stratfjord East Area,northern North Sea[J].A-merican Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2000,84:45-64.
[43]Ding G Y,Tian QJ,Kong F C,et al.Segmentation of Ac-tive Fault[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1993:19-38(in Chinese).
[44]Cheng S P,Yang G Z.The development of Jiugongkou fault in Wei Countryin Heibei Province[J].Seismology and Geolo-gy,1998,20(1):1-8(in Chinese).
[45]Gupta A,Scholz C H.A model of normal fault interactionbased on observations and theory[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2000,22:865-879.
[46]Kornsawan A,Morley C K.The origin and evolution of com-plex transfer zones(graben shifts)in conjugate fault systems around the Funan Field,Pattani Basin,Gulf of Thailand[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2002,24:435-449.
[47]Yun J B,Jin Z J,Yin J Y,et al.Reflection feature and geo-dynamic significance of deep seismic reflection in Xujiaweizi region of North Songliao Basin,China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(4):307-314(in Chinese).
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[3]Zhou Q H,Feng Z H,Men G T.The relationship betweenpresent ground temperature and generation of gas in Xujia-weizi rift in Songliao Basin[J].Science in China:Series D,2007(Suppl2):177-189(in Chinese).
[4]Guo J,Chen S T,Wang WL,et al.The lithochemistry fea-ture of volcanic rock in Xujiaweizi rift,Songliao Basin[J].Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology,2000,30(3):243-245(in Chinese).
[5]Yin J Y,Liu HP,Chi HJ.Evolution tectonic in Xujiaweizi Depressionin Songliao Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002(2):26-29(in Chinese).
[6]Jin X H,Lin RZ,Zhou HY,et al.Volcanic activities and e-volution of source rocks in Xujiaweizi fault depression,Songliao Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(3):349-355(in Chinese).
[7]Hou Q J.Exploration scheme of gas in Gulong Area in Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(5):38-41(in Chinese).
[8]Wang G W,Hui S,Fu G.Gas distribution rules and main controlling factors in Xujiaweizi rift[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2008,27(1):6-9(in Chi-nese).
[9]Chi Y L,Yun J B,Meng Q A,et al.Deep Structure and Dy-namic of the Songliao Basin for Hydrocarbon Accumulation[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002:69-113(in Chinese).
[10]Zhang WJ,Ren Y G,Chen J L,et al.Characteristic of com-pression deformation of Xujiaweizi Rift in Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2008(4):21-25(in Chinese).
[11]Liu X F,Zhong G F,Wang Z Y,et al.Tectonic framework of Xujiaweizi fault depressionin Northern Songliao Basin and its origin[J].Journal of Xi an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2006,21(4):6-10(in Chinese).
[12]Zhang J L.The Tectonic Characteristics and Evolution of the Middle Part of the Central Depressionin Songliao Basin Dur-ing the Early Cretaceous[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2005:25-70(in Chinese).
[13]Qi J F,Chen F J.Structural style in Liaohewan-Xialiaohe basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1992,13(3):272-283(in Chinese).
[14]Tang L J,Jin Z J.The analysis of stage and strong of inver-sion thrust[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Natural Science Edition,1999,23(6):1-5(in Chinese).
[15]Zhao Y,Dai J S.Identification of growthfault byfault fall a-nalysis[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(3):13-15(in Chinese).
[16]Wernick B,Burchfiel B C.Modes of extensional tectonics[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1982,4:105-115.
[17]Gibbs A D.Structural evolution of extensional basin margins[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1984,141:609-620.
[18]Watterson J.Fault dimensions,displacements and growth[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1986,124:365-373.
[19]Atkinson B K,Meredith P G.Experimental fracture mechan-ics data for rocks and minerals[M]∥Atkinson B K.Fracture Mechanics of Rock.London:Academic Press,1987:111-166.
[20]Barnett J A,Mortimer J,Rippon J H,et al.Displacement geometry in the volume containing a single normal fault[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1987,71:925-937.
[21]Walsh J J,Watterson J.Distributions of cumulative displace-ment and seismic slip on a single normal fault surface[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1987,9:1039-1046.
[22]Walsh J J,Watterson J.Analysis of the relationship between displacement and dimensions[J].Journal of Structural Geolo-gy,1988,10:239-247.
[23]Larsen P H.Relay structures in a Lower Permian basement-involved extension system,East Greenland[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1988,10:3-8.
[24]Mandl G.Mechanics of tectonic faulting—Models and basic concepts[M]∥Zwart HJ.Developmentsin Structural Geolo-gy.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1988.
[25]Marrett R,All mendinger R W.Estimates of strain due to brittle faulting:Sampling of fault population[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1991,13:735-738.
[26]Cartwright J A,Trudgill B D,Mansfield C M.Fault growth by segment linkage:An explanation for scatter in maximum displacement and trace length data for the Canyonlands gra-bens of SE Uath[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1995,17:1319-1326.
[27]Schlische R W,Anders M H.Stratigraphic effects and tec-tonic implications of the growth of normal faults and exten-sional basins[M]∥Beratan K K.Reconstructing the History of Basin and Range Extension Using Sedimentology and Stra-tigraphy.Spec Pap Geol Soc Am,1996,303:183-203.
[28]Willemse E J M,Pollard D D,Aydin A.Three-dimensional analysis of slip distributions on normal fault arrays with con-sequences for fault scaling[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1996,18:295-310.
[29]Willemse E J M.Segmented normal faults:Correspondence between three-dimensional mechanical models and field data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102:675-692.
[30]Morley C K.Patterns of displacement along large normal faults:Implications for basin evolution andfault propagation,based on examples from East Africa[J].American Associa-tion of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1999,83:613-634.
[31]Mcleod A E,Dawers N H,Underhill J R.The propagation and linkage of normal faults:Insights from the Strathspey-Brent-Statfjord fault array,northern North Sea[J].Basin Research,2000,12:263-284.
[32]Li Q Y,Luo F Z,Miao C Z.Study about the research meth-od on activity of faults andits application[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2000,7(2):15-17(in Chinese).
[33]Xiao Y Y,Hao X F.The limitation application of fault growthindexin sequence stratigraphy[J].Petroleum Geolo-gy and Recovery Efficiency,2003,10(Suppl):1-2,5(in Chi-nese).
[34]Peacock D C P,Sanderson DJ.Displacements,segment link-age and relay ramps in normal fault zones[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1991,13(6):721-733.
[35]Peacock D C P,Sanderson DJ.Geometry and development of relay ramps in normal fault systems[J].American Associa-tion of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1994,78:147-165.
[36]Peacock D C P.Propagation,interaction and linkage in nor-mal fault systems[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2002,58(1-2):121-142.
[37]Gillespie P A,Walsh J J.Limitation of dimension and dis-placement data fromsingle faults andthe consequences for da-ta analysis andinterpretation[J].Journal of Structural Geolo-gy,1992,14:1157-1172.
[38]Cowie P A,Scholz C H.Physical explanation for the dis-placement-length relationship of faults a post-yield fracture mechanics model[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1992,14:1133-1148.
[39]Cowie P A,Scholz C H.Displacement-length scaling rela-tionship for faults:Data synthesis and discussion[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1992,14:1149-1156.
[40]Cowie P A,Shipton Z K.Fault tip displacement gradients and process zone dimensions[J].Journal of Structural Geolo-gy,1998,20:938-998.
[41]Dawers N H,Anders M H,Scholz C H.Fault length and displacement:Scaling laws[J].Geology,1993,21:1107-1110.
[42]Dawers N H,Underhill J R.The role of fault interaction and linkage in controlling syn-rift stratigraphic sequences:Late Jurassic,Stratfjord East Area,northern North Sea[J].A-merican Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2000,84:45-64.
[43]Ding G Y,Tian QJ,Kong F C,et al.Segmentation of Ac-tive Fault[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1993:19-38(in Chinese).
[44]Cheng S P,Yang G Z.The development of Jiugongkou fault in Wei Countryin Heibei Province[J].Seismology and Geolo-gy,1998,20(1):1-8(in Chinese).
[45]Gupta A,Scholz C H.A model of normal fault interactionbased on observations and theory[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2000,22:865-879.
[46]Kornsawan A,Morley C K.The origin and evolution of com-plex transfer zones(graben shifts)in conjugate fault systems around the Funan Field,Pattani Basin,Gulf of Thailand[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2002,24:435-449.
[47]Yun J B,Jin Z J,Yin J Y,et al.Reflection feature and geo-dynamic significance of deep seismic reflection in Xujiaweizi region of North Songliao Basin,China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(4):307-314(in Chinese).
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