利用成像测井资料分析汶川地震断裂带科学钻探3号孔(WFSD-3)裂缝特征
摘要
WFSD-3孔是汶川地震断裂带科学钻探主要钻孔之一,全井段(终孔深度1 502.30 m)实施了连续取心(累计取心进尺1 548.44 m)和测井作业。采集到的成像测井资料包含丰富的原位地质特征信息,对裂缝、破碎带识别和构造应力场分析具有重要作用。利用该钻孔的电阻率成像测井和超声成像测井资料,结合岩心资料进行了裂缝特征分析。结果表明,WFSD-3孔岩层高角度斜交缝最为发育,其次是低角度斜交缝,垂直缝和水平缝极少;25～200 m和900～1 000 m深度范围内裂缝尤为发育;不同深度的裂缝倾向存在明显差异:410 m之上主要分布于260°～290°,410～730m集中于330°～360°,730～960 m主要分布于210°～240°,960～1 185 m与410 m之上基本一致,1 410～1 450 m与前述各深度段不同,集中于180°～200°;裂缝与破碎带、层理密切相关,宏观分布受构造控制。
The borehole of WFSD-3 is a main hole of the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Zone Scientific Drilling.The continuous coring(total length of 1,548.44 m) and logging data of borehole WFSD-3 have been acquired.The image logging data of borehole WFSD-3 contain a mass of in-situ geological feature information,which plays an important role in the identification of fractures,fracture zones and in the analysis of tectonic stress field.Using the resistivity and acoustic image logging data in conjunction with core data,the identification and analysis of fracture characterization were carried out.The results show that in the strata of borehole WFSD-3,high-angle oblique crossing fractures develop dominantly,followed by low-angle oblique crossing fractures.Vertical and horizontal fractures are rare.The fractures particularly develop at intervals of 25 m to 200 m and 900 m to 1,000 m in borehole WFSD-3.The main dip directions of fractures at different depths are obviously different:(1) above 410 m the main dip directions of fractures are between 260° and 290°;(2) from 410 m to 730 m,the main dip directions are between 330° and 360°;(3) from 730 m to 960 m,the main dip directions are between 210° and 240°;(4) from 960 m to 1,185 m,the main dip directions are basically consistent with those above 410 m;(5) from 1,410 m to 1,450 m,the fractures are different from those of the depths above with the main dip directions between 180° and 200°.Fractures are closely related to fracture zones and beddings,and the macro distribution of fractures is controlled by tectonics.
The borehole of WFSD-3 is a main hole of the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Zone Scientific Drilling.The continuous coring(total length of 1,548.44 m) and logging data of borehole WFSD-3 have been acquired.The image logging data of borehole WFSD-3 contain a mass of in-situ geological feature information,which plays an important role in the identification of fractures,fracture zones and in the analysis of tectonic stress field.Using the resistivity and acoustic image logging data in conjunction with core data,the identification and analysis of fracture characterization were carried out.The results show that in the strata of borehole WFSD-3,high-angle oblique crossing fractures develop dominantly,followed by low-angle oblique crossing fractures.Vertical and horizontal fractures are rare.The fractures particularly develop at intervals of 25 m to 200 m and 900 m to 1,000 m in borehole WFSD-3.The main dip directions of fractures at different depths are obviously different:(1) above 410 m the main dip directions of fractures are between 260° and 290°;(2) from 410 m to 730 m,the main dip directions are between 330° and 360°;(3) from 730 m to 960 m,the main dip directions are between 210° and 240°;(4) from 960 m to 1,185 m,the main dip directions are basically consistent with those above 410 m;(5) from 1,410 m to 1,450 m,the fractures are different from those of the depths above with the main dip directions between 180° and 200°.Fractures are closely related to fracture zones and beddings,and the macro distribution of fractures is controlled by tectonics.
引文
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[20]聂昕,邹长春,肖昆,等.汶川地震断裂带科学钻探WFSD-1孔成像测井岩心空间归位[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(1):75-82.
[21]钟广法,祁兴中,马勇,等.电成像测井资料在裂缝成因分析中的应用[J].物探与化探,2005,29(2):116-119.
[2]许志琴,李海兵,吴忠良,等.汶川地震和科学钻探[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1613-1622.
[3]胡时友,宋军,张伟.汶川地震断裂带科学钻探(WFSD)项目钻探和测井课题的组织实施与管理[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2009(12):1-4.
[4]张伟,贾军,胡时友.汶川地震科学钻探项目的概况和钻探技术[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2009(增刊):5-8.
[5]Ienaga M,McNeill L C,Mikada H,et al.Borehole image analy-sis of the Nankai Accretionary Wedge,ODP Leg 196:Structuraland stress studies[J].Tectonophysics,2006,426(1/2):207-220.
[6]吴时国,宋建勇,余朝华,等.山东济阳坳陷桩海地区井旁构造应力场分析[J].现代地质,2006,20(3):436-440.
[7]雷茂盛,王玉华,赵杰.根据FMI资料分析大庆油田徐家围子断陷构造应力场[J].现代地质,2007,21(1):15-21.
[8]王树理,李会荀,杨晓军.井下超声波成像提取岩层节理产状信息[J].现代地质,2008,22(5):884-888.
[9]丁文龙,漆立新,吕海涛,等.利用FMI资料分析塔河油田南部中—下奥陶统储层构造应力场[J].现代地质,2009,23(5):852-859.
[10]Tsutomu Kiguchi,Hisao Ito,Yasuto Kuwahara,et al.Fractureanalysis in the Nojima fault[M]//SEGJ.Proceedings of the5th SEGJ International Sympsium.Tokyo:SEGJ,2001:331-336.
[11]Hickman Stephen,Zoback Mark.Stress orientations and magni-tudes in the SAFOD pilot hole[J].Geophysical Research Let-ters,2004,31,doi:10.1029/2004GL020043.
[12]Wu Hungyu,Ma Kuofong,Zoback Mark,et al.Stress orienta-tions of Taiwan Chelungpu-Fault Drilling Project(TCDP)hole-Aas observed from geophysical logs[J].Geophysical ResearchLetters,2007,34,doi:10.1029/2006GL028050.
[13]Lin Weiren,Yeh Enchao,Hung Jihhao,et al.Localized rotationof principal stress around faults and fractures determined fromborehole breakouts in hole B of the Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drill-ing Project(TCDP)[J].Tectonophysics,2010,482(1/4):82-91.
[14]聂昕,邹长春,黄兆辉,等.根据声电成像测井及岩心资料推断WFSD-2孔(0～1360m)的地应力方向[M]//中国地球物理学会.中国地球物理.合肥:中国科技大学出版社,2011:86.
[15]杨光,李海兵,张伟,等.四川龙门山安县-灌县断裂带的特征——以汶川地震断裂带科学钻探3号孔(WFSD-3)岩心为例[J].地质通报,2012,31(8):1219-1232.
[16]李海兵,付小方,Jerome Vander Woerd,等.汶川地震(Ms8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1623-1643.
[17]李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑-逆冲作用的地貌标志[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(1):40-52.
[18]Xu X W,Wen X Z,Yu G H,et al.Coseismic reverse-and ob-lique-slip surface faulting generated by the 2008 MW7.9 Wen-chuan earthquake,China[J].Geology,2009,37:515-518.
[19]Wang H,Ran Y K,Chen L C,et al.Determination of horizontalshortening and amount of reverse-faulting from trenching acrossthe surface rupture of the 2008 MW 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Tectonophysics,2010,491:10-20.
[20]聂昕,邹长春,肖昆,等.汶川地震断裂带科学钻探WFSD-1孔成像测井岩心空间归位[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(1):75-82.
[21]钟广法,祁兴中,马勇,等.电成像测井资料在裂缝成因分析中的应用[J].物探与化探,2005,29(2):116-119.
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