利用活断层探测资料构建银川探测区地下三维结构模型
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摘要
在收集与整理前人资料的基础上,“银川市活断层探测与地震危险性评价”项目对银川隐伏断层、芦花台隐伏断层等断层开展了多学科的联合探测。文中对如何以银川市活断层探测成果资料构建银川活断层探测区地下三维构造模型的方法进行了探索,总结出的步骤是:收集活断层地震探测资料并进行数据预处理;在地震解释软件中进行断层及层位的解释,绘制层面构造图并输出断层及层位数据,也可在该软件中进一步完成三维可视化建模;在三维建模软件GOCAD中加载基础数据、层面及断层数据,进行断层面及层面修正构建与展示三维模型。鉴于地震探测资料的不规范会增加地震数据解释工作的难度并影响到解释精度,建议:规范原始探测数据的归档要求,在每条活断层的探测区上增加1条联络测线,在可能的情况下采用石油单位的区域时深转换关系,提高地震剖面的解释精度。
The project of “Yinchuan active fault exploration and earthquake risk assessment” is aimed at strengthening the fundamental work of engineering construction for earthquake resistance and prevention in Yinchuan City.In order to achieve this general goal,a joint multi-disciplinary exploration of the Yinchuan buried fault and the Luhuatai fault has been carried out on the basis of collection and analysis of predecessors' data.This paper discusses the methods of constructing three-dimensional subsurface structure model of the project area of Yinchuan active fault exploration by using the achievements of the Yinchuan active fault exploration,and puts forward main work steps and suggestions for the model construction.The steps for 3D modeling of subsurface structure using active fault survey data are as follows:To collect and pre-process the data of seismic exploration of active fault;Using seismic interpretation software to interpret the fault and the bed position,draw bed plane structure map,and output the fault and bed position data,meanwhile,to further complete the 3D visual modeling with this software;To load fundamental data,bed plane and fault data into the 3D modeling software GOCAD,carry on the fault plane and the bed plane revision and reconstruct 3D model,construct three-dimensional cutting section,and demonstrate the three-dimensional model achievements.Since the seismic survey data are not standard,it increases the difficulty in earthquake data explanation and affects the explanation precision.Therefore,we propose to standardize the archiving of primary seismic survey data,add a cross line in the survey area of each active fault,and if possible,use the regional time-depth conversion used by petroleum sector to enhance the explanation precision of seismic section.
The project of “Yinchuan active fault exploration and earthquake risk assessment” is aimed at strengthening the fundamental work of engineering construction for earthquake resistance and prevention in Yinchuan City.In order to achieve this general goal,a joint multi-disciplinary exploration of the Yinchuan buried fault and the Luhuatai fault has been carried out on the basis of collection and analysis of predecessors' data.This paper discusses the methods of constructing three-dimensional subsurface structure model of the project area of Yinchuan active fault exploration by using the achievements of the Yinchuan active fault exploration,and puts forward main work steps and suggestions for the model construction.The steps for 3D modeling of subsurface structure using active fault survey data are as follows:To collect and pre-process the data of seismic exploration of active fault;Using seismic interpretation software to interpret the fault and the bed position,draw bed plane structure map,and output the fault and bed position data,meanwhile,to further complete the 3D visual modeling with this software;To load fundamental data,bed plane and fault data into the 3D modeling software GOCAD,carry on the fault plane and the bed plane revision and reconstruct 3D model,construct three-dimensional cutting section,and demonstrate the three-dimensional model achievements.Since the seismic survey data are not standard,it increases the difficulty in earthquake data explanation and affects the explanation precision.Therefore,we propose to standardize the archiving of primary seismic survey data,add a cross line in the survey area of each active fault,and if possible,use the regional time-depth conversion used by petroleum sector to enhance the explanation precision of seismic section.
引文
[1]王小锋,三维地质建模研究现状,http://www.paper.edu.cn。
[2]王明华,2003,工程岩体三维地质建模与可视化研究,中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所。
[1]同320页[1]。
柴炽章,孟广魁,杜鹏,等.2006.隐伏活动断层的多层次综合探测:以银川隐伏活动断层为例[J].地震地质,28(4):536—546.CHAI Chi-zhang,MENG Guang-kui,DU Peng,et al.2006.Comprehensive multi-level exploration of buried activefault:An example of Yinchuan buried active fault[J].Seismology and Geology,28(4):536—546(in Chinese).
陈少强,李琦,苗前军,等.2005.矢量与栅格结合的三维地质模型编辑方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,17(7):1544—1548.CHEN Shao-qiang,LI Qi,MIAO Qian-jun,et al.2005.An editing method of3D geological model with the union ofvector and grid[J].Journal of Computer-aided Design&Computer Graphics,17(7):1544—1548(in Chinese).
程朋根,龚健雅,史文中,等.2004.基于似三棱柱体的地质体三维建模与应用研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),29(7):602—607.CHENG Peng-gen,GONG Jian-ya,SHI Wen-zhong,et al.2004.Geological object modeling based on quasi tri-prismvolume and its application[J].Journal of Wuhan University(Information Science),29(7):602—607(in Chi-nese).
李德仁,李清泉.1997.一种三维GIS混合数据结构研究[J].测绘学报,26(2):128—133.LI De-ren,LI Qing-quan.1997.Study on a hybrid data structure in3D GIS[J].Acta Geodaetica et CartographicaSinica,26(2):128—133(in Chinese).
李亦纲,曲国胜,陈建强.2005.城市钻孔数据地下三维地质建模软件的实现[J].地质通报,24(5):470—475.LI Yi-gang,QU Guo-sheng,CHEN Jian-qiang.2005.Realization of a3D subsurface geological modeling software inurban areas based on borehole data[J].Geological Bulletin of China,24(5):470—475(in Chinese).
刘少华,程朋根,罗小龙.2005.地矿三维建模及可视化的研究[J].中国矿业,14(10):49—51.LIUShao-hua,CHENG Peng-gen,LUO Xiao-long.2005.Research on three-dimensional model reconstruction of geol-ogy and mine and its visualization in OpenGL[J].China Mining Magazine,14(10):49—51(in Chinese).
吴江斌,朱合华.2005.基于Delaunay构网的地层3D TEN模型及建模[J].岩石力学与工程学报,24(24):183—189.WU Jiang-bin,ZHU He-hua.2005.3D TEN model of strata and its realization based on Delaunay triangulation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,24(24):183—189(in Chinese).
吴立新,史文中,Christopher Gold.2003.3D GIS与3D GMS中的空间构模技术[J].地理与地理信息科学,19(1):5—11.WULi-xin,SHI Wen-zhong,Christopher Gold.2003.Spatial modeling technology for3D GIS and3D GMS[J].Ge-ography and Geographic Information Science,19(1):5—11(in Chinese).
张珊珊,刘志辉.2003.基于多层DEM表面模型的地层结构的三维可视化[J].测绘信息与工程,28(3):14—15.ZHANG Shan-shan,LIU Zhi-hui.2003.3D visualization of geological structure based on multi-layer DEM surfacemodeling[J].Journal of Geomatics,28(3):14—15(in Chinese).
张煜,白世伟.2001.一种基于三棱柱体体元的三维地层建模方法与应用[J].中国图形图像学报,6(3):285—290.ZHANG Yu,BAI Shi-wei.2001.An Application of3D stratum modeling based on tri-prism volume elements[J].Journal of Image and Graphics,6(3):285—290(in Chinese).
中国地震局.2005.中国地震活动断层探测技术系统技术规程[S].北京:地震出版社.China Earthquake Administration.2005.Stipulation on Technical System for China Earthquake Active Fault Survey[S].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
朱成宏,黄国骞,秦瞳.2002.断裂系统精细分析技术[J].石油物探,41(1):42—48.ZHU Cheng-hong,HUANG Guo-qian,QIN Tong.2002.Methods for detailed fracture system description[J].Petro-leum Geophysical,41(1):42—48(in Chinese).
Carlson E.1987.Three dimensional conceptual modeling of subsurface structures[A].In:ASPRS AGSM,AnnualConvention,(4):188—200.
[2]王明华,2003,工程岩体三维地质建模与可视化研究,中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所。
[1]同320页[1]。
柴炽章,孟广魁,杜鹏,等.2006.隐伏活动断层的多层次综合探测:以银川隐伏活动断层为例[J].地震地质,28(4):536—546.CHAI Chi-zhang,MENG Guang-kui,DU Peng,et al.2006.Comprehensive multi-level exploration of buried activefault:An example of Yinchuan buried active fault[J].Seismology and Geology,28(4):536—546(in Chinese).
陈少强,李琦,苗前军,等.2005.矢量与栅格结合的三维地质模型编辑方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,17(7):1544—1548.CHEN Shao-qiang,LI Qi,MIAO Qian-jun,et al.2005.An editing method of3D geological model with the union ofvector and grid[J].Journal of Computer-aided Design&Computer Graphics,17(7):1544—1548(in Chinese).
程朋根,龚健雅,史文中,等.2004.基于似三棱柱体的地质体三维建模与应用研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),29(7):602—607.CHENG Peng-gen,GONG Jian-ya,SHI Wen-zhong,et al.2004.Geological object modeling based on quasi tri-prismvolume and its application[J].Journal of Wuhan University(Information Science),29(7):602—607(in Chi-nese).
李德仁,李清泉.1997.一种三维GIS混合数据结构研究[J].测绘学报,26(2):128—133.LI De-ren,LI Qing-quan.1997.Study on a hybrid data structure in3D GIS[J].Acta Geodaetica et CartographicaSinica,26(2):128—133(in Chinese).
李亦纲,曲国胜,陈建强.2005.城市钻孔数据地下三维地质建模软件的实现[J].地质通报,24(5):470—475.LI Yi-gang,QU Guo-sheng,CHEN Jian-qiang.2005.Realization of a3D subsurface geological modeling software inurban areas based on borehole data[J].Geological Bulletin of China,24(5):470—475(in Chinese).
刘少华,程朋根,罗小龙.2005.地矿三维建模及可视化的研究[J].中国矿业,14(10):49—51.LIUShao-hua,CHENG Peng-gen,LUO Xiao-long.2005.Research on three-dimensional model reconstruction of geol-ogy and mine and its visualization in OpenGL[J].China Mining Magazine,14(10):49—51(in Chinese).
吴江斌,朱合华.2005.基于Delaunay构网的地层3D TEN模型及建模[J].岩石力学与工程学报,24(24):183—189.WU Jiang-bin,ZHU He-hua.2005.3D TEN model of strata and its realization based on Delaunay triangulation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,24(24):183—189(in Chinese).
吴立新,史文中,Christopher Gold.2003.3D GIS与3D GMS中的空间构模技术[J].地理与地理信息科学,19(1):5—11.WULi-xin,SHI Wen-zhong,Christopher Gold.2003.Spatial modeling technology for3D GIS and3D GMS[J].Ge-ography and Geographic Information Science,19(1):5—11(in Chinese).
张珊珊,刘志辉.2003.基于多层DEM表面模型的地层结构的三维可视化[J].测绘信息与工程,28(3):14—15.ZHANG Shan-shan,LIU Zhi-hui.2003.3D visualization of geological structure based on multi-layer DEM surfacemodeling[J].Journal of Geomatics,28(3):14—15(in Chinese).
张煜,白世伟.2001.一种基于三棱柱体体元的三维地层建模方法与应用[J].中国图形图像学报,6(3):285—290.ZHANG Yu,BAI Shi-wei.2001.An Application of3D stratum modeling based on tri-prism volume elements[J].Journal of Image and Graphics,6(3):285—290(in Chinese).
中国地震局.2005.中国地震活动断层探测技术系统技术规程[S].北京:地震出版社.China Earthquake Administration.2005.Stipulation on Technical System for China Earthquake Active Fault Survey[S].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
朱成宏,黄国骞,秦瞳.2002.断裂系统精细分析技术[J].石油物探,41(1):42—48.ZHU Cheng-hong,HUANG Guo-qian,QIN Tong.2002.Methods for detailed fracture system description[J].Petro-leum Geophysical,41(1):42—48(in Chinese).
Carlson E.1987.Three dimensional conceptual modeling of subsurface structures[A].In:ASPRS AGSM,AnnualConvention,(4):188—200.
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