深水重要油气储层——琼东南盆地中央峡谷体系
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摘要
南海北部海域琼东南盆地发育一个大型中央峡谷体系,平面上呈"S"型NE向展布,西起莺歌海盆地中央拗陷带东缘,横穿琼东南盆地中央拗陷带,向东延伸进入西沙海槽。通过2D及3D地震资料的精细解释和钻井资料综合分析,研究揭示该峡谷体系可以划分为4个区段,不同区段不仅具有明显不同的剖面形态,而且具有不同沉积物构成、沉积微相以及不同沉积物源。不同区域峡谷形态及充填分析表明,自西向东,中央峡谷下切深度越来越大,下切层位越来越老。其下切剖面形态发育有"V"、"U"、"W"和复合型。其中"V"型峡谷下切深度最大,冲刷、削截特征最明显。峡谷西段以浊积水道沉积为主,峡谷东段为浊积水道与块体流沉积互层沉积,但在不同区带不同沉积物所占比例有一定差异。浊积水道沉积的物源主要来自于盆地西侧,块体流沉积的物源主要来自于盆地北部陆坡体系,从而,来自于西部浊积水道沉积与来自于北部块体流沉积在中央峡谷内形成了多源多期发育的复杂的峡谷系统。
The Central Canyon in the Qiongdongnan basin shows a S-shaped NE-trending depositional system,which originates from the east margin of the Yinggehai basin,crosses the Central depression and extends into the Xisha trough.Based on the detailed interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic data and drillhole data,the Central Canyon can be divided into 4 segments.Each segment has not only different morphology in section,but also has distinct depositional architectures,genetic facies and sediment-supplies.Analysis of morphology and infilling features indicates that the canyon shows the deeper downcutting and scours to the older strata eastwards.There are 4 types of V,U,W and composed shapes in vertical.Of them,V-typed canyon shows the strongest downcutting,and the more significant scouring.Turbidite channel deposits are dominated in the western segment.Interbeds of turbidite channel and mass transport deposits occur in the eastern segment,but there are different ratios in different places.Turbidite channel deposits originate from the west side,however,mass transport deposits originate from the slope system in the northern side of the basin.Those deposits from different sediment-supplies are composed of a multiple-episodic and multiple sediment-supplied complex canyon system.
The Central Canyon in the Qiongdongnan basin shows a S-shaped NE-trending depositional system,which originates from the east margin of the Yinggehai basin,crosses the Central depression and extends into the Xisha trough.Based on the detailed interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic data and drillhole data,the Central Canyon can be divided into 4 segments.Each segment has not only different morphology in section,but also has distinct depositional architectures,genetic facies and sediment-supplies.Analysis of morphology and infilling features indicates that the canyon shows the deeper downcutting and scours to the older strata eastwards.There are 4 types of V,U,W and composed shapes in vertical.Of them,V-typed canyon shows the strongest downcutting,and the more significant scouring.Turbidite channel deposits are dominated in the western segment.Interbeds of turbidite channel and mass transport deposits occur in the eastern segment,but there are different ratios in different places.Turbidite channel deposits originate from the west side,however,mass transport deposits originate from the slope system in the northern side of the basin.Those deposits from different sediment-supplies are composed of a multiple-episodic and multiple sediment-supplied complex canyon system.
引文
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16 Su M,Xie Xinong,Li Junliang,et al.Gravity flow on slope and a-byssal systems in the Qiongdongnan Basin,Northern South China Sea[J].Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition,2011,85:243-253
2 Stow D A V,Mayall M.Deep-water sedimentary systems:New modelsfor the 21st century[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17:125-135
3 Kneller B,Buckee C.The structure and fluid mechanics of turbiditycurrents:a review of some recent studies and their geological implica-tions[J].Sedimentology,2000,47:62-94
4 Xie X N,Muller R D,Li S T,et al.Origin of anomalous subsidencealong the Northern South China Sea margin and its relationship to dy-namic topography[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23:745-765
5 Xie X O,Mulle R D,Ren J Y,et al.Stratigraphic architecture and e-volution of the continental slope system in offshore Hainan,northernSouth China Sea[J].Marine Geology,2008,247:129-144
6 Chen P H,Chen Z Y,Zhang Q M.Sequence stratigraphy and conti-nental-margin development of the northwestern shelf of the South ChinaSea[J].AAPG Bulletin,1993,77:842-862
7苏明,李俊良,姜涛,等.琼东南盆地中央峡谷的形态及成因[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(4):85-93[Su Ming,LiJunliang,Jiang Tao,et al.Morphological features and formation mech-anism of central canyon in the Qingdongnan Basin,Northern South Chi-na Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2009,29(4):85-93]
8林畅松,刘景彦,蔡世祥,等.莺-琼盆地大型下切谷和海底重力流体系的沉积构成和发育背景[J].科学通报,2001,46(1):69-72[Lin Changsong,Liu Jingyan,Cai Shixiang,et al.Depositional ar-chitecture and developing settings of large-scale incised valley and sub-marine gravity flow systems in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan Basins,South China Sea[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2001,46(1):69-72]
9 Laursen J,Normark W R.Late Quaternary evolution of the San AntonioSubmarine Canyon in the central Chile forearc(similar to 33 degreesS)[J].Marine Geology,2002,188:365-390
10 McHugh C M G,Damuth J E,Mountain G S.Cenozoic mass-trans-port facies and their correlation with relative sea-level change,NewJersey continental margin[J].Marine Geology,2002,184:295-334
11 Piper D J W,Shaw J,Skene K I.Stratigraphic and sedimentologicalevidence for late Wisconsinan sub-glacial outburst floods to LaurentianFan[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2007,246:101-119
12 Canals M,Puig P,de Madron X D,et al.Flushing submarine can-yons[J].Nature,2006,444:354-357
13 Yu H S,Chiang C S,Shen S M.Tectonically active sediment dis-persal system in SW Taiwan margin with emphasis on the Gaoping(Kaoping)Submarine Canyon[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2009,76:369-382
14何云龙,解习农,陆永潮,等.琼东南盆地深水块体流构成及其沉积特征[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):905-913[He Yunlong,Xie Xinong,Lu Yongchao,et al.Architectureand characteristics of mass transport deposites(MTDs)in Qiongdong-nan Basin in northern South China Sea[J].Earth Science-Journal ofChina University of Geosciences,2011,36(5):905-913]
15何云龙,解习农,李俊良,等.琼东南盆地陆坡体系发育特征及其控制因素[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(2):118-122[He Yun-long,Xie Xinong,Li Junliang,et al.Depositional characteristics andcontrolling factors of continental slope system in the Qiongdongnan Ba-sin[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2011,36(5):905-913]
16 Su M,Xie Xinong,Li Junliang,et al.Gravity flow on slope and a-byssal systems in the Qiongdongnan Basin,Northern South China Sea[J].Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition,2011,85:243-253
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