黄骅坳陷港中地区古近系沙三段湖底扇沉积相特征
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摘要
在沉积学和层序地层学理论指导下,通过分析地震剖面响应特征、测井曲线组合形态和岩心沉积构造,结合区域地质背景特点、重矿物及砂岩岩屑成分平面分布特征,研究认为港中地区沙三段发育两期完整的湖底扇沉积,每期湖底扇自下向上表现为正旋回沉积序列,扇面积为30～50 km2。湖底扇可进一步划分为4种亚相和7种沉积微相类型,其中中扇是湖底扇的主体部分,面积为15～20 km2。沙三段湖底扇的砂体并不只是由重力流成因形成的,在沉积作用前期,主要受重力作用控制,但在沉积作用后期,受牵引流和重力流双重作用控制。湖底扇物源主要来自研究区西缘的港西凸起。砂体总体呈朵叶状分布,为多期砂体叠置,在朵叶内部,中扇辫状水道砂体的物性最好,砂体顶底常被深黑色的泥岩所包围,具备非常好的油气富集条件。在港中地区沙三段中油组末期、沙三段上油组末期存在区域性或局部侵蚀界面,容易形成地层不整合油气藏;沙三段两期湖底扇沉积面积大,辫状水道较发育,并受后期构造活动发生变化,水道砂体尖灭在暗色泥岩之中,容易形成砂岩透镜体和砂岩上倾尖灭岩性油气藏。
Based on the theory of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy,and by analysis of seismic response characteristics,well logs,core sedimentary structures,the regional geological conditions and distribution of heavy minerals,it is concluded that two complete sublacustrine fans developed in the third Member of Shahejie Formation of Gangzhong Oilfield,which cover 30 km2 to 50 km2 and each exhibit a positive cyclic sedimentary sequence.The sublacustrine fans mentioned above could be further divided into four sub-sedimentary facies and seven microfacies,of which the middle-fans are main parts with the coverage of 15 km2 to 20 km2.Turbidity could not be the only cause for the formation of sublacustrine fans.In the early phase of deposition,the fan is mainly influenced by gravity,but in the late one,by traction together with gravity.The provenances of sublacustrine fans mainly come from the uplift of Gangxi.Sandstone distribution takes the flower-shape with multi-sand stacks.Braided channel of the middle-fan with best physical properties and surrounded by mudstone,can provide an excellent space for hydrocarbon accumulation.There are two regional erosional interfaces for stratigraphic reservoirs at the ends of middle and upper oil groups,the third Member of Shahejie Formation.The sublacustrine fans with quite large area and braided channel developed on it,where the sandstone pinches out in the mudstone,is easy to form lens and wedge outs of sandstone lithologic reservoirs.
Based on the theory of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy,and by analysis of seismic response characteristics,well logs,core sedimentary structures,the regional geological conditions and distribution of heavy minerals,it is concluded that two complete sublacustrine fans developed in the third Member of Shahejie Formation of Gangzhong Oilfield,which cover 30 km2 to 50 km2 and each exhibit a positive cyclic sedimentary sequence.The sublacustrine fans mentioned above could be further divided into four sub-sedimentary facies and seven microfacies,of which the middle-fans are main parts with the coverage of 15 km2 to 20 km2.Turbidity could not be the only cause for the formation of sublacustrine fans.In the early phase of deposition,the fan is mainly influenced by gravity,but in the late one,by traction together with gravity.The provenances of sublacustrine fans mainly come from the uplift of Gangxi.Sandstone distribution takes the flower-shape with multi-sand stacks.Braided channel of the middle-fan with best physical properties and surrounded by mudstone,can provide an excellent space for hydrocarbon accumulation.There are two regional erosional interfaces for stratigraphic reservoirs at the ends of middle and upper oil groups,the third Member of Shahejie Formation.The sublacustrine fans with quite large area and braided channel developed on it,where the sandstone pinches out in the mudstone,is easy to form lens and wedge outs of sandstone lithologic reservoirs.
引文
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[13]陈广坡,王天奇,李林波,等.箕状断陷湖盆湖底扇特征及油气勘探——以二连盆地赛汉塔拉凹陷腾格尔组二段为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(1):63-69.
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[15]王建功,王天琦,张顺,等.松辽坳陷盆地水侵期湖底扇沉积特征及地球物理响应[J].石油学报,2009,30(3):361-366.
[2]郭成贤.我国深水异地沉积研究三十年[J].古地理学报,2000,2(1):1-6.
[3]Bouma A H.Sedimentology of Some Flysch Deposits:A GraphicApproach to Facies Interpretation[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,1962:168-169.
[4]Walker R G.Deep-water sandstone facies and ancient submarinefans:Models for exploration for stratigraphic traps[J].AAPGBulletin,1978,62:932-966.
[5]Normark W R.Turbidite elements and the obsolescence of the su-prafan concept[J].Giornale di Geologia,1991,53(2):1-10.
[6]Shanmugam G,Moiola R J.Submarine fan models problems andsolutions[M]//Bouma A H,Normark W R,Barnes N E.Submarine Fans and Related Turbidite Systems.New York:Springer-Verlag,1985:29-34.
[7]Walker R G.Turbidites and submarine fans[M]//Walke RG,James N P.Faciesmodels:Response to Sea Level Change.Newfoundland:Geological Association of Canada,1992:239-263.
[8]大港油田石油地质志编辑委员会.中国石油地质志(4)——大港油田[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:311-317.
[9]金振奎,刘春慧.黄骅坳陷北大港构造带储集层成岩作用定量研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(5):581-587.
[10]周立宏,卢异,肖敦清,等.渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷盆地结构构造及演化[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):373-382.
[11]杨国安,邢卫东,刘广华,等.港中开发区沙河街组沉积微相与油气分布[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2004,34(1):93-96.
[12]王春连,侯中健,刘丽红.板桥—北大港地区沙三段重力流沉积特征研究[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(3):45-49.
[13]陈广坡,王天奇,李林波,等.箕状断陷湖盆湖底扇特征及油气勘探——以二连盆地赛汉塔拉凹陷腾格尔组二段为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(1):63-69.
[14]杨有星,金振奎,时晓章.准噶尔盆地西北缘检188井区下侏罗统八道湾组沉积特征及主控因素分析[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2010,30(4):38-49.
[15]王建功,王天琦,张顺,等.松辽坳陷盆地水侵期湖底扇沉积特征及地球物理响应[J].石油学报,2009,30(3):361-366.
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