东太平洋中国多金属结核开辟区东区构造地貌特征
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摘要
研究区位于东太平洋克拉里昂-克里帕顿断裂带之间的中国多金属结核开辟区东区。根据多波束水深以及单道地震资料,对研究区地形、构造地貌特征进行了分析。研究结果表明区内水深在3800—5700m之间,平均水深5100m,等深线呈NNW—SSE走向。研究区主要构造地貌类型为断裂型线状海丘地貌和岩浆活动型海山地貌两种。断裂型线状海丘地貌可进一步划分为东部丘陵区和西部丘陵区两个次级构造地貌单元。岩浆活动型海山地貌总体上呈长轴形展布,根据组合特征可分为A、B、C共3个分区。结合区域地质构造,认为断裂型线状海丘地貌主要与太平洋扩张所形成的张应力以及板块热沉降过程中所形成的NNW向断裂密切相关。岩浆活动型海山地貌与深部岩浆活动相关。岩浆喷发方式、规模和期次的差异可形成形态各异的海山。文章旨在探讨大洋地貌形成及演化机制,对深入了解大洋板块内部构造特征及形成演化规律等有指导意义。
The study area is located in the east China Pioneer Area of the eastern Pacific Ocean.Detailed analysis of the topography and tectonic geomorphology was carried out based on the multi-beam water depth data and single-channel seismic profiles combined with the geological setting in the Pacific Ocean.The water depth of the study area ranges between 5700 and 3800 m.The main tectonic geomorphology units in the study area are linear faulted hills and magma-type sea mountains.Linear faulted hills can be divided into west and east parts.Its size is controlled by the NNW-trending faults,and is supposed to be the result of the thermal subsidence of oceanic crust.Magma-type sea mountains,including three sub-zones,were formed by the eruption or incursion of magma deep beneath the oceanic crust.There are different sizes and shapes of sea mountains in the study area,including single peak and multi-peak mountains.The formation and evolution mechanism of oceanic morphology is discussed in this paper,and the results may contribute to the study of oceanic geomorphology and the associated dynamics.
The study area is located in the east China Pioneer Area of the eastern Pacific Ocean.Detailed analysis of the topography and tectonic geomorphology was carried out based on the multi-beam water depth data and single-channel seismic profiles combined with the geological setting in the Pacific Ocean.The water depth of the study area ranges between 5700 and 3800 m.The main tectonic geomorphology units in the study area are linear faulted hills and magma-type sea mountains.Linear faulted hills can be divided into west and east parts.Its size is controlled by the NNW-trending faults,and is supposed to be the result of the thermal subsidence of oceanic crust.Magma-type sea mountains,including three sub-zones,were formed by the eruption or incursion of magma deep beneath the oceanic crust.There are different sizes and shapes of sea mountains in the study area,including single peak and multi-peak mountains.The formation and evolution mechanism of oceanic morphology is discussed in this paper,and the results may contribute to the study of oceanic geomorphology and the associated dynamics.
引文
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[15]MACDONALD K C.Mid-ocean ridges:Fine scale tectonic,volcanic and hydrothermal processes within the plateboundary zone[J].Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci,1982,10:155–190.
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[18]康长生,刘玉山,梁德华.火山活动与多金属结核分布的关系[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997:70.
[2]程永寿,陈奎英.深海“多金属结核富矿区”的喧嚣[J].海洋世界,2007,(1):19-23.
[3]陈建林,史君贤,张富生,等.中国多金属结核生物成因研究[R].国家海洋局第二海洋研究所报告,1999:5.
[4]张富元,章伟艳,殷汝广,等.东太平洋CC区板块构造和多金属结核资源效应探讨[J].海洋学报,2001,23(4):59-68.
[5]GLASBY G P.The role of submarine volcanism incontrolling the genesis of marine manganese nodules[J].Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu Rev,1973,11:27-44.
[6]SMOOT N C,KING R E.The Darwin Rise demise:theWestern Pacific guyot heights trace the trans-PacificMendocino Fracture Zone[J].Geomorphology,1997,18:223-235.
[7]张伯普,陈圣源,王公念,等.太平洋中部地质构造特征[M]//梁德华,张伯普.太平洋中部多金属结核研究文集:二.北京:地质出版社,1995:14-17.
[8]SMOOT N C.Orthogonal inter sections of mega trends inthe Western Pacific Ocean basin:A case study of theMid-Pacific mountains[J].Geomorphology,1999,(30):323-356.
[9]许东禹,金庆焕.太平洋中部多金属结核及其形成环境[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:29-31.
[10]陈泓君,朱本铎,曾瑞坚,等.海底构造和微地形地貌对底流、沉积和生物活动的控制作用[R].广州海洋地质调查局研究报告,2006:32-40.
[11]金双根,朱文耀.太平洋板块运动和形变及其边缘现今相对运动[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(2):57-60.
[12]李延兴,张静华,何建坤,等.由空间大地测量得到的太平洋板块现今构造运动与板内形变应变场[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):437-447.
[13]王述功,刘忠臣.太平洋CC区构造特征与多金属结核成矿条件研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1999,30(4):435-444.
[14]HERRON E M.Sea-Floor Spreading and the CenozoicHistory of the East Central Pacific[J].Geol Soe Arner Bull,1972,83(6):1671-1692.
[15]MACDONALD K C.Mid-ocean ridges:Fine scale tectonic,volcanic and hydrothermal processes within the plateboundary zone[J].Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci,1982,10:155–190.
[16]CRAIG J D.The relationship between bathymetry andferromanganese deposits in the Equatorial Pacific[J].MarineGeology,1979,29(1):165-186.
[17]王同和.中国东部拉张区正断层的几何学和运动学特征与盆地动力学过程[J].长春地质学院报,1988,18(1):27-34.
[18]康长生,刘玉山,梁德华.火山活动与多金属结核分布的关系[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997:70.
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