阴山造山带—鄂尔多斯盆地岩石圈层、块速度结构与深层动力过程
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摘要
阴山造山带位于鄂尔多斯盆地的北缘,这一地带不仅是构造活动强、弱的变异地域,且为盆、山的耦合地带,故在造山带与盆地地域具有各异的深层动力过程.本文基于高精度人工源地震宽角反射、折射探测和高分辨率的数据采集,通过反演求得了满都拉—鄂尔多斯—榆林—延川长达650 km剖面辖区的岩石圈精细层、块结构.研究结果表明:①沿该剖面由南向北地壳厚度为40～45 km;在不同构造单元其介质、结构均不相同;速度分布、空间结构形态和界面起伏及属性亦存在着明显差异;上地幔顶部速度为8.0～8.1 km/s;②沿剖面存在5条深、大断裂,且将该区切割成为壳、幔结构明显差异的4个构造单元,即鄂尔多斯盆地、盆山耦合地带、阴山造山带、内蒙构造带,它们各自具有固有的深层过程和动力学响应.同时厘定了阴山造山带与内蒙构造带之间的白云鄂博深、大断裂带是古亚洲洋的南界.在这里不仅导致了阴山造山带的形成,而且聚集了诸多的金属矿产资源,地震亦频繁活动.基于上述研究表明,阴山造山带—鄂尔多斯盆地耦合地带的壳、幔结构复杂、呈现出速度结构各异的层、块状展布.显然,在这一错综的成山、成盆、成岩、成矿和成灾地带,有着特异的深层过程和动力机制.
The Yinshan orogenic Belt in the northern margin of Ordos Basin is not only a transition region between strong and weak tectonic activities, but also a basin/mountain coupling zone, so there are different deep dynamical processes in the orogenic belt and basin region.Based on the high resolution data from a wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic sounding, we get the fine lithospheric structure along the profile of Mandula—Ordos—Yulin—Yanchuan as long as 650 km.Some results are summarized as follows: 1.The crust thickness is about 40 to 45 km from south to north in the profile.The property of medium and structure are different in different tectonic units.Obvious differences exist in the velocity distribution, structure pattern, and interface undulation and attributes.The velocity is 8.0～8.1 km/s on the top layer of the upper mantle.2.There are five deep and big faults in the profile, dividing the region into four tectonic units with obviously different crust-mantle structure beneath the Ordos Basin, the basin- mountain coupling belt, Yinshan orogenic belt, and Inner Mongolia tectonic area, which have respectively inherent deep processes and dynamic responses.Furthermore, we define the Bayan Obo fault between Yinshan and Inner Mongolia as the south boundary of Paleo-Asian Ocean. Subsequently, Yinshan orogenic belt and a good many metallic mineral resources were formed and frequent earthquakes happened.Therefore, the structure of the crust and mantle in this coupling region is quite complicated, and is divided into layers and blocks.Obviously, in the forming of mountains, basins, rocks, minerals and disasters, there are special deep process and dynamic mechanism.
The Yinshan orogenic Belt in the northern margin of Ordos Basin is not only a transition region between strong and weak tectonic activities, but also a basin/mountain coupling zone, so there are different deep dynamical processes in the orogenic belt and basin region.Based on the high resolution data from a wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic sounding, we get the fine lithospheric structure along the profile of Mandula—Ordos—Yulin—Yanchuan as long as 650 km.Some results are summarized as follows: 1.The crust thickness is about 40 to 45 km from south to north in the profile.The property of medium and structure are different in different tectonic units.Obvious differences exist in the velocity distribution, structure pattern, and interface undulation and attributes.The velocity is 8.0～8.1 km/s on the top layer of the upper mantle.2.There are five deep and big faults in the profile, dividing the region into four tectonic units with obviously different crust-mantle structure beneath the Ordos Basin, the basin- mountain coupling belt, Yinshan orogenic belt, and Inner Mongolia tectonic area, which have respectively inherent deep processes and dynamic responses.Furthermore, we define the Bayan Obo fault between Yinshan and Inner Mongolia as the south boundary of Paleo-Asian Ocean. Subsequently, Yinshan orogenic belt and a good many metallic mineral resources were formed and frequent earthquakes happened.Therefore, the structure of the crust and mantle in this coupling region is quite complicated, and is divided into layers and blocks.Obviously, in the forming of mountains, basins, rocks, minerals and disasters, there are special deep process and dynamic mechanism.
引文
1) 孙武成,祝治平,盖玉杰等.榆林-包头-白云鄂博地震测深剖面地壳上地幔构造特征研究,1991
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[1] 翁文灏.中国东部中生代以来之地壳运动及火山活动.中国地质学会会志,1927,6:9～36． Weng W H. Crustal motion and volcanic activity since the mesozoic era. Journal of Geological Society of China (in Chinese), 1927,6 : 9～36
[2] 翁文灏.中国东部中生代造山运动.中国地质学会会志,1929,8:38～44 Weng W H. Orogenic movement of mesozoic era in eastern China. The Journal of Geological Society of China (in Chinese), 1929,8 : 38～44
[3] 崔盛勤,李锦蓉,赵越.论中国及邻区滨太平洋带的燕山运动.国际交流地质学术论文集(3) .北京:地质出版社,1985． 221～234 Cui S Q, Li J R, Zhao Y. Discuss Yanshan Movement for China and on the Babks of Pacific Ocean (in Chinese). Beijing : Geological Publishing House, 1985． 221 ～ 234
[4] 邓晋福,苏尚国,刘翠等.关于华北克拉通燕山期岩石圈减薄的机制与过程的讨论是拆沉,还是热侵蚀和化学交代?地学前缘,2006,13(2) :105～119 Deng J F,Su S G,Liu C,et al.Discussion on the lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton:delamination?or thermal erosion and chemical metasomatism?Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2006,13(2) :105～119
[5] 周兴华.中国东部中、新生代岩石圈转型与减薄研究若干问题.地学前缘,2006,13(2) :50～64 Zhou X H. Major transformation of subcontinental lithosphere beneath eastern China in the Cenozoric-Mesozoic:review and Prospect. Earth Science Frontiers (in Chinese),2006,13(2) :50～64
[6] Wu Fuquan, Walker J R, Yang Yueheng, et al. The chemical-temporal evolution of lithospheric mantle underlying the North China Craton. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (in Chinese), 2006,70 : 5013～5034
[7] Yang Din-hui, Wu Fu yuan, Wilde S A. A review of the geodynamic setting of large-scale Late Mesozoic gold mineralization in the North China Craton: an association with lithospheric thinniag. Ore Geology Reviews (in Chinese),2003,23:125～152
[8] 牛树银,李红阳,孙爱群等.幔枝构造理论与找矿实践.地震出版社,2002 Niu S Y, Li H Y, Sun A Q,et al. Mantle Branch Structure Theory and Exploration Practice. Geological Pablishing House, 2000
[9] 刘池洋.盆地多种能源矿产共存富集成藏(矿)研究进展.北京:科学出版社,2005 Liu C Y. Advances in the Accumulation and Formation for Multi energy Mineral Deposits Coexisting in the Same Basin. Beijing: Science in China Press,2005．
[10] 马杏垣,王 楫,李双庆等.有关内蒙古地质构造的一线之见-江苏响水至内蒙古满都拉地学断面北段研究报道之一.地震地质,1988,10:45～50 Ma X Y, Wang J, et al. A report of geological observations on northern segment (baotou to mondula) of the geoscience transect from Xiangshui, Jiangsu, to Mandula, Nei Monggol. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 1988,10 : 45～50
[11] 葛肖虹.华北板内造山带的形成史.地质论评,1989,35(3) :254～261 Ge X H. The history of formation of intraplate orogenic belts in the north China paleoplate. Geological Review (in Chinese), 1989,35(3) :254～261
[12] 宋鸿林.燕山式板内造山带基本特征与动力学探讨.地学前缘,1999,6(4) :309～316 Song H L. Characteristics of Yanshan type intraplate orogenic belts and a discussion on its dynamics. Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese), 1999,6(4) :309～316
[13] 张振法.阴山山链隆起机制及有关问题探讨.内蒙古地质,1999,(1) :17～35 Zhang Z F. Approach to the mechanism and relative probloms of Yinshan China uplift. Geology of Inner Mangolia (in Chinese) ,1995,(1) :17～35
[14] 和政军,李锦轶,朱宝贵等.燕山-阴山地区晚侏罗世强烈推覆-隆升事件及沉积响应.地质论评,1998,44(1) :407～418 He Z J, Li J Y, et al. A late Jurassic intense thrustinguplifting event in the Yanshan-Yinshan area, Northern China, and its sedimentary response. Geological Review (in Chinese), 1998,44(1) :407～418
[15] Xu Jie, Gao Zhanwu and Song Changqing. Newly generated seismotectonic zones in North China and its regional Seismotectonic framework. Scientia Geologica Sinica (in Chinese), 2001,10(3) :159～168
[16] 刘吕铨,嘉世旭,杜官恒.江苏响水-内蒙古满都拉地学断面地震折射测深结果.地震地质,1991,13(3) :193～204 Liu C Q, Jia S X, Du G H. Result of seismic refraction sounding along the transect from Xiangshui. Jiangsu, to Mondula, Nei Monggol. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese) ,1991,13(3) : 193～204
[17] 李样,包东健,陈厚平等.内蒙古中部地区的壳幔介质分层结构.华北地震科学,1987,5(4) :58～65 Li X, Bao D J, Chen H P, et al. The layered structure of the crust and mantle medium in central Inner Monggolia. North China Earthquake Sciences(in Chinese) ,1987 ,5(4) :58～65
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